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Sodium Arsenite

PubChem CID
443495
Structure
Sodium Arsenite_small.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • SODIUM ARSENITE
  • 7784-46-5
  • Sodium metaarsenite
  • Sodium dioxoarsenate
  • Sodium (meta)arsenite
Molecular Weight
129.910 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-03-27
  • Modify:
    2025-01-11
Description
Sodium arsenite, aqueous solution appears as an aqueous solution of a solid. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. Used as an antiseptic, in insecticides and herbicides, to preserve hides and in making dyes.
Sodium arsenite, solid appears as a white or grayish-white powder. Denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.
Sodium arsenite is an inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2. It has a role as an insecticide, an antibacterial agent, a herbicide, a rodenticide, a carcinogenic agent, an antineoplastic agent and an antifungal agent. It is an arsenic molecular entity and an inorganic sodium salt.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Sodium Arsenite.png

1.2 3D Status

Conformer generation is disallowed since MMFF94s unsupported element, mixture or salt

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

sodium;oxoarsinite
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/AsHO2.Na/c2-1-3;/h(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

PTLRDCMBXHILCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

[O-][As]=O.[Na+]
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

NaAsO2
NaAsO2
AsNaO2
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

7784-46-5

2.3.2 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.3 UNII

2.3.4 UN Number

2.3.5 ChEBI ID

2.3.6 ChEMBL ID

2.3.7 DrugBank ID

2.3.8 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.9 ICSC Number

2.3.10 KEGG ID

2.3.11 NCI Thesaurus Code

2.3.12 Nikkaji Number

2.3.13 Wikidata

2.3.14 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • KML001
  • sodium arsenite
  • sodium meta-arsenite
  • sodium metaarsenite

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
129.910 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
129.901193 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
129.901193 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
40.1 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
4
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
13.5
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Sodium arsenite, aqueous solution appears as an aqueous solution of a solid. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. Used as an antiseptic, in insecticides and herbicides, to preserve hides and in making dyes.
Sodium arsenite, solid appears as a white or grayish-white powder. Denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.
White or gray-white solid, soluble in water and absorbs CO2; [Hawley]
WHITE OR GREY HYGROSCOPIC POWDER.

3.2.2 Color / Form

White or grayish-white powder
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 1471

3.2.3 Taste

SALTY TASTE
White-Stevens, R. (ed.). Pesticides in the Environment: Volume 1, Part 1, Part 2. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1971., p. 35

3.2.4 Melting Point

1139 °F (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
615 °C

3.2.5 Solubility

Very soluble (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Freely sol in water; slightly sol in alcohol
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 1471
Solubility in water: very good

3.2.6 Density

1.87 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
1.87 (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1.87
Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 13th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1997., p. 1009
1.87 g/cm³

3.2.7 Stability / Shelf Life

SLOWLY CONVERTED IN SOLN TO ARSENATES BY ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; IN DRY STATE DECOMP BY ATMOSPHERIC CO2. /ARSENITES OF ALKALI METALS/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V2 50 (1973)
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V2 50 (1973)

3.2.8 Decomposition

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /arsenic and disodium oxide/.
Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 2947
DANGEROUS WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP ... IT EMITS TOXIC FUMES OF ARSENIC /SRP: INCLUDING ARSINE/. /ARSENIC CMPD/
Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 275

3.2.9 Other Experimental Properties

Somewhat hygroscopic; absorbs CO2 from air
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 1471
Arsenites are more soluble and more rapidly toxic than other forms of arsenic. /Arsenites/
Haddad, L.M., Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co., 1990., p. 1128
ARSENITES OF ALKALI METALS ARE SLOWLY CONVERTED IN SOLN TO ARSENATES BY ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; & DECOMPOSED BY ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V2 50 (1973)

3.3 Chemical Classes

Metals -> Arsenic Compounds, Inorganic

3.3.1 Pesticides

Fungicides, Insecticides
Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

4 Spectral Information

4.1 IR Spectra

4.1.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
KBr WAFER
Source of Sample
William Blythe and Company, Ltd.
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Technique
KBr WAFER
Source of Sample
Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, Missouri
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.2 Raman Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS 175C with Raman accessory
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Sample
Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland
Catalog Number
71287
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS 175C with Raman accessory
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Sample
Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland
Catalog Number
71287
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

6 Chemical Vendors

7 Drug and Medication Information

7.1 Clinical Trials

7.1.1 EU Clinical Trials Register

7.2 Therapeutic Uses

EXPTL THERAPY THE OPTICAL ISOMERS OF SODIUM 2,3-DIMERCAPTO-1-PROPANESULFONATE WERE SEPARATED AND THE ARSENIC ANTIDOTAL ACTIVITY OF THE L-ISOMER, THE D-ISOMER, AND THE RACEMIC MIXTURE OF 2,3-DIMERCAPTO-1-PROPANESULFONATE WERE INVESTIGATED IN VIVO AND IN VITRO.
HAU CA ET AL; J PHARMACOL EXP THER 224 (2): 314-8 (1983)
MEDICATION (VET): TOPICAL ACARICIDE (TECHNICAL GRADE, 90-95% PURE)
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 1356
MEDICATION (VET): COMPONENT OF CATTLE & SHEEP DIPS
SRI
MEDICATION (VET): EXTERNALLY, AS DIP (0.25%) AGAINST LICE & TICKS OF CATTLE, GOATS, & SHEEP. INTERNALLY, IN ORAL ELECTROLYTE MIXT, IN ANTHELMINTICS, & IN ALTERATIVE PREPN WHERE ITS READY WATER SOLUBILITY & RAPID SYSTEMIC ABSORPTION IS DESIRED.
Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 532

8 Agrochemical Information

8.1 Agrochemical Category

Insecticide
Pesticide active substances -> Fungicides, Insecticides

8.2 EU Pesticides Data

Active Substance
sodium arsenite
Status
Not approved [Reg. (EC) No 1107/2009]
Legislation
2002/2076

9 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

9.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Enzyme Inhibitors
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. (See all compounds classified as Enzyme Inhibitors.)

9.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Arsenite crosses the placenta.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V23 114 (1980)
RATE OF ABSORPTION OF INORG ARSENICALS FROM DIGESTIVE TRACT DEPENDS UPON THEIR SOLUBILITY. SODIUM ARSENITE IS READILY SOL, RAPIDLY ABSORBED.
Clarke, M. L., D. G. Harvey and D. J. Humphreys. Veterinary Toxicology. 2nd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1981., p. 35
AT 20 HR AFTER IV INJECTION OF 4 MG (76)ARSENIC AS SODIUM ARSENITE TO ONE PATIENT WITH TERMINAL CANCER, HIGHEST LEVELS OF ARSENIC WERE FOUND IN LIVER & KIDNEYS & RELATIVELY SMALLER LEVELS IN VARIOUS OTHER TISSUES. EXCRETION OF (76)ARSENIC IN THE FIRST 24 HOURS AFTER AN IV INJECTION OF LABELLED SODIUM ARSENITE TO 2 PATIENTS WITH TERMINAL CANCER WAS 16.7% OF THE INJECTED DOSE; EXCRETION WAS MAINLY VIA THE URINE.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V23 99 (1980)
FOLLOWING IV ADMINISTRATION OF (76)ARSENIC AS SODIUM ARSENITE TO FIVE RATS AND FOUR RABBITS, THE URINARY EXCRETION OF (76)ARSENIC IN THE FIRST 48 HOURS WAS LESS THAN 10% OF THE DOSE IN RATS AND 30% IN RABBITS. FOLLOWING IP INJECTION IN MICE, 75% OF THE DOSE WAS EXCRETED WITHIN THE FIRST 24 HOURS. IN ALL SPECIES TESTED, LESS THAN 10% OF THE TOTAL ... WAS EXCRETED IN THE FECES. UNLIKE RABBITS, RATS RETAIN MOST OF THE INJECTED DOSE IN THE BLOOD FOR A PROLONGED PERIOD. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION STUDIES REVEALED HIGHEST LEVELS OF (76)ARSENIC IN THE BLOOD AND SPLEEN OF RATS, IN THE LIVER, KIDNEYS AND LUNGS OF RABBITS AND IN THE LIVER, KIDNEYS AND SPLEEN OF MICE.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V23 92 (1980)
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.3 Metabolism / Metabolites

The urinary metabolites of sodium arsenite have been investigated in rabbits given sodium arsenite and water-soluble dimercaptans. Rabbits injected sc with NaAsO2 (1 mg arsenic/kg) were given im 1 hr later, either saline, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, mesodimercaptosuccinic acid, or N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)phthalamidic acid at 0.2 mmol/kg. Arsenic metabolites in urine collected from treated rabbits were isolated by combined anion-cation-exchange chromatography. Column fractions were acid-digested and analyzed for arsenic by direct hydride-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The relative amounts of inorganic arsenic, methylarsonate, and dimethylarsinate found in 0 to 24 hr urine of rabbits given only sodium arsenite agreed closely with those reported for human subjects given arsenite po. This finding suggests that the rabbit biotransforms arsenite in a manner very similar to humans. The urinary excretion of total arsenic between 0 and 24 hr was elevated after dimercaptan administration. but urinary excretion of total arsenic between 0 and 48 hr was unaffected. This result indicates that the action of these dimercaptans occurs early after treatment. In addition, the dimercaptans influenced differently the amounts of the arsenic metabolites excreted in the urine between 0 and 24 hr. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, mesodimercaptosuccinic acid, or 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid increased arsenite excretion but decreased dimethylarsinate excretion. 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid or N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)phthalamidic acid treatment increased methylarsonate excretion but mesodimercaptosuccinic acid did not. Arsenate excretion increased after 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid or mesodimercaptosuccinic acid, treatment but was not affected by N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)phthalamidic acid treatment. These results suggest that the dimercaptans, in addition to increasing arsenic excretion, also influence the biotransformation of arsenite to less toxic species. The different effects on the urinary excretion of arsenic metabolites suggest that these dimercaptan metal binding agents have mechanisms of action in addition to simple chelation of inorganic arsenic.
Maiorino RM, Aposhian HV; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 77 (2): 240-250 (1985)
The fungi Candida hemicola biotransforms sodium arsenite to trimethyl arsine.
Cox DP, Alexander M; J Microbiol Ecol 1 (3): 136-144 (1974) as cited in Nat'l Research Council Canada; Effects of Arsenic in the Canadian Environment p.149 (1978) NRCC No. 15391
Cows and dogs were fed sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate daily for five days. Urine was collected and analyzed for methylarsenate and inorganic arsenate. In the cow, the levels rose to 0.1 to 0.5 and 1.0 to 4.0 ppm, respectively. When cows were returned to normal diets, all values returned to control levels (0.02 to 0.10 ppm and 0.1 to 0.2 ppm). In dogs, arsenite feeding produced identical peak values 5.0 to 7.0 ppm for both methylarsenate and inorganic arsenate. Feeding of sodium arsenate to dogs produced a rise to 10 ppm methylarsenate and 5.0 ppm inorganic arsenate. Six days after withdrawal from the arsenic-containing diet, all values reached control levels ... .
Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides, Update II. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Wildlife No. 2l2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978., p. 23
Mice were administered im 1.3 mg As(III)/kg after exposure to a toxic concentration of sodium arsenite (250 mg As(III)/l) for 2, 6 and 8 days. Whereas mice not exposed to the treated drinking water excreted one-half the im administered As(III), those mice previously exposed to the treated water excreted 80% of the applied As(III) as As(V) in 2 days; more than 95%, after 4 days; and after 8 days only traces of As(III) were present ... .
Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides-Update III. Special Scientific Report- Wildlife No. 232. Washington, DC: U.S.Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980., p. 34
Cultured BALB/3T3-Cl-A31-1-1 mouse embryo cells were used to study the cytotoxicity, neoplastic transformation, and metabolic reduction or oxidation of trivalent arsenic, in the form of sodium arsenite (arsenic(3+)), and pentavalent arsenic, in the form of sodium arsenate (arsenic(5+)). Uptake of arsenic(3+) and arsenic(5+) by the cells was highest during the first hour and was dose dependent; cells treated with equimolar concn of the agents demonstrated four fold greater uptake for arsenic(3+) than for arsenic(5+). Arsenic(3+) was more cytotoxic than arsenic(5+), although no differences were apparent between the two products with respect to total arsenic in the cells. The relative transformation activity for arsenic(3+) compared to arsenic(5+) was equal to about 4:1. Arsenic(5+) showed a high rate of intracellular metabolic reduction; arsenic(5+) exposure yielded more than 70 percent arsenic(3+) in cytosol, as compared to 100 percent for arsenic(3+) exposure. Ion exchange chromatography did not detect any methylated metabolites. In cell free medium incubations, up to 30 percent of arsenic(3+) was oxidized to arsenic(5+), as compared to only 4 percent oxidation in the presence of cells. Unchanged arsenic(5+) was recovered following its incubation in cell free medium, while the presence of cells resulted in the generation of up to 5 percent arsenic(3+), in a dose dependent manner. The reduction of arsenic(5+) to arsenic(3+) by the cells was inhibited up to 25 percent by depletion of glutathione with diethylmaleate. The authors conclude that arsenic(3+) is responsible for the cytotoxic and transforming action of inorganic arsenic.
Bertolero F et al; Carcinogenesis 8 (6): 803-808 (1987)
Arsenic is absorbed mainly by inhalation or ingestion, as to a lesser extent, dermal exposure. It is then distributed throughout the body, where it is reduced into arsenite if necessary, then methylated into monomethylarsenic (MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) by arsenite methyltransferase. Arsenic and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. Arsenic is known to induce the metal-binding protein metallothionein, which decreases the toxic effects of arsenic and other metals by binding them and making them biologically inactive, as well as acting as an antioxidant. (L20)
L20: Wikipedia. Arsenic toxicity. Last Updated 22 February 2009. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_toxicity

9.4 Mechanism of Action

ARSENITE IS READILY ABSORBED WHEN TAKEN INTERNALLY & POISONING IS ATTRIBUTED TO RAPID DEATH OF CELLS DUE TO INHIBITION OF RESP FROM LACK OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE.
BYARD JL; CLIN TOXICOL 14 (2): 187 (1979)

10 Use and Manufacturing

10.1 Uses

EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Used as a pesticide (termites and vineyard scale diseases), corrosion inhibitor, hide preserver, antiseptic, veterinary medicine (topical acaricide, cattle dip, and anthelmintic); Also used in soaps for taxidermists and to make dyes; [HSDB]
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure

Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]

Activities with risk of exposure
For Sodium Arsenite (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 013603) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Pesticide Program's Chemical Ingredients Database on Sodium Arsenite (7784-46-5). Available from, as of May 24, 2001: https://npirspublic.ceris.purdue.edu/ppis/
Fungicide /Former use/
Farm Chemicals Handbook 2001. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister 2001., p. C 363
IN WOOD PRESERVATION; TEXTILE DRYING
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V23 60 (1980)
For treating vines against certain scale diseases; as insecticide especially for termites /Former use/
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 1471
For more Uses (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.1.1 Use Classification

Hazard Classes and Categories -> Carcinogens, Teratogens
HERBICIDES

10.2 Methods of Manufacturing

By the controlled interaction of caustic soda and arsenious oxide.
Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982., p. 517
Arsenic trioxide is dissolved in a solution of sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide and boiled.
Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 13th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1997., p. 1009

10.3 Formulations / Preparations

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 013603; Trade Names: Atlas "A"; Penite; Kill-All; Chem-Sen 56; Chem Pels C; Progalumnol Double.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Pesticide Program's Chemical Ingredients Database on Sodium Arsenite (7784-46-5). Available from, as of May 24, 2001: https://npirspublic.ceris.purdue.edu/ppis/
POWDER 90%; SOLN 4, 6, 8 & 9.5%.
Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982., p. 517
SPECIFICATION USUALLY REQUIRES A CONTENT OF AT LEAST 78% BY WEIGHT ARSENIOUS OXIDE.
Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982., p. 517
Technical grade: 90-95% pure
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 1471
For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.4 Consumption Patterns

In 1975, 45.4 thousand kg were used in herbicides.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V23 59 (1980)
(1970-US): 454 thousand kg were used as an inhibitor of the corrosion caused in oil well piping, when oil wells are acidified with hydrochloric acid.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V23 60 (1980)

10.5 U.S. Production

(1977) AT LEAST 5.45X10+8 G
SRI
(1982) AT LEAST 9.08X10+5 G
SRI

10.6 General Manufacturing Information

EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Arsenenous acid, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE
COMMERCIAL PRODUCT KNOWN AS SODIUM ARSENITE WAS AT ONE TIME THOUGHT TO BE SODIUM-META-ARSENITE, SODIUM ARSENITE BUT IS NOW CONSIDERED TO BE A SOLID SOLN OF THE REACTANTS RATHER THAN A DEFINITE CMPD.
Worthing, C. R. (ed.). Pesticide Manual. 6th ed. Worcestershire, England: British Crop Protection Council, l979., p. 476
DO NOT USE MILK FROM DIPPED ANIMALS FOR SEVERAL DAYS AFTER DIPPING OR WITHIN WK AFTER WORMING WITH IT. DO NOT SLAUGHTER ANIMALS WITHIN WK AFTER TREATMENT. WHEN USED AS HERBICIDE FOR AQUATIC PLANTS, POND WATER WILL KILL LIVESTOCK WHEN FISH ARE UNAFFECTED.
Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 532
20 ppm and 24.6 ppm sodium arsenite applied to an unspecified soil type increased yield in potatoes.
Nat'l Research Council Canada; Effects of Arsenic in the Canadian Environment p.122 (1978) NRCC No. 15391
ALKALI ARSENITES WERE USED EXTENSIVELY FOR DESTROYING POTATO STEMS. POTENTIAL RISKS TO BOTH HUMAN & ANIMAL POPULATION PROVED SO GREAT THAT THESE CMPD WERE WITHDRAWN FROM AGRICULTURAL USE ...
Clarke, M. L., D. G. Harvey and D. J. Humphreys. Veterinary Toxicology. 2nd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1981., p. 29

11 Identification

11.1 Analytic Laboratory Methods

EPA Method PMD-AS. Determination of Sodium Arsenite in Aqueous Formulations by Titration. Detection limit not specified.
USEPA; EMMI. EPA's Environmental Monitoring Methods Index. Version 1.1. PC# 4082. Rockville, MD: Government Institutes (1997)

12 Safety and Hazards

12.1 Hazards Identification

12.1.1 GHS Classification

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Pictogram(s)
Acute Toxic
Health Hazard
Environmental Hazard
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H300+H310 (28.5%): Fatal if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H300 (66.4%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H301+H311+H331 (16.1%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301+H311 (14.6%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H301 (71.5%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (67.2%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (54%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331 (100%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350 (98.5%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400 (84.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (98.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P203, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 137 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

12.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Acute Tox. 2 (66.4%)

Acute Tox. 3 (71.5%)

Acute Tox. 3 (67.2%)

Acute Tox. 3 (54%)

Acute Tox. 3 (100%)

Carc. 1A (98.5%)

Aquatic Acute 1 (84.7%)

Aquatic Chronic 1 (98.5%)

Carcinogenicity - category 1A

Germ cell mutagenicity - category 2

Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) - category 1

Skin corrosion - category 1

Acute toxicity (ingestion) - category 2

Acute toxicity (inhalation) - category 3

12.1.3 Health Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)

Extremely toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) 5-50 mg/kg, between 7 drops and one teaspoon for 70 kg person (150 lb.). Poisonous if swallowed or inhaled. Human suspected carcinogen. (EPA, 1998)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 151 (Sodium arsenite, solid)

· Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.

· Avoid any skin contact.

· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Sodium arsenite, aqueous solution)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.

· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.

· Avoid any skin contact.

· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

12.1.4 Fire Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2024)

This material may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated it emits toxic fumes of arsenic and sodium oxide. Slowly converted in solution to arsenates by atmospheric oxygen; in dry state it is decomposed by carbon dioxide. (EPA, 1998)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 151 (Sodium arsenite, solid)

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

· Containers may explode when heated.

· Runoff may pollute waterways.

ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Sodium arsenite, aqueous solution)

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

· Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).

· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.

· Containers may explode when heated.

· For electric vehicles or equipment, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

12.1.5 Hazards Summary

Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact; [CAMEO] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; The substance may have effects on the peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, bone marrow, kidneys, liver and mucous membranes, resulting in neuropathy, cardiovascular disorders, lesions of blood cells, kidney impairment, cirrhosis and perforation of nasal septum. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. [ICSC] See Arsenic and the linked occupational diseases.

12.1.6 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Irritating to the eyes.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 90-117. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 1990, p. 42
Trivalent arsenic compounds are corrosive to the skin. /Trivalent arsenic cmpd/
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic And Hazardous Chemicals. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corporation, 1981., p. 58
ARSENICAL DUSTS ... ARE IRRITATING TO UPPER RESP TRACT & EYES. CONJUNCTIVITIS PRODUCED BY ... THESE SUBSTANCES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY ITCHING, BURNING, & WATERING OF EYES. ... /INORGANIC ARSENIC DUSTS/
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 115

12.1.7 EPA Hazardous Waste Number

D004; A waste containing arsenic may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Arsenic/

12.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

12.2.1 OSHA Standards

8 hr Time-Weighted avg: 10 ug/cu m./Arsenic, inorganic cmpd (as As)/
29 CFR 1910.1018 (7/1/2001)
Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-Hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Arsenic, organic cmpd (as As)/
29 CFR 1910.1000 (7/1/2001)

12.2.2 NIOSH Recommendations

5 mg/cu m (as As); NIOSH considers arsenic (inorganic cmpd, as As) to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Arsenic (inorganic cmpd, as As)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 20
Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Ceiling Limit: (0.002 mg/cu m). /Arsenic (inorganic cmpd, as As)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 20
NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. /Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 20

12.3 First Aid Measures

Inhalation First Aid
Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.
Skin First Aid
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .
Eye First Aid
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Ingestion First Aid
Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

12.3.1 First Aid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic). IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting. Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Warning: Effects may be delayed for several hours. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Sodium Arsenite Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to sodium arsenite may be severe and include cough, dyspnea (shortness of breath), hypotension (low blood pressure), and chest pain. Gastrointestinal effects include difficulty swallowing, intense thirst, generalized abdominal pain, vomiting, and painful diarrhea; blood may be noted in the vomitus and feces. A weak pulse, cyanosis (blue tint to the skin and mucous membranes), and cold extremities may also be observed. Neurological effects include giddiness, delirium, mania, stupor, weakness, headache, dizziness, and fainting. Convulsions, paralysis, and coma may occur. Sodium arsenite may irritate or burn the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to sodium arsenite may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to sodium arsenite.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. RUSH to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to sodium arsenite.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. THOROUGHLY wash exposed skin areas with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. RUSH to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. DO NOT induce vomiting.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. RUSH to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 151 (Sodium arsenite, solid)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingestedor inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuouscompressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Sodium arsenite, aqueous solution)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingestedor inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuouscompressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

12.4 Fire Fighting

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Keep unnecessary people away; stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.

Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

12.4.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Sodium arsenite, solid/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 969
If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 104
If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 105
Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 105

12.5 Accidental Release Measures

Public Safety: ERG 2024, Guide 151 (Sodium arsenite, solid)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

Spill or Leak: ERG 2024, Guide 151 (Sodium arsenite, solid)

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust.

Public Safety: ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Sodium arsenite, aqueous solution)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

Spill or Leak: ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Sodium arsenite, aqueous solution)

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

12.5.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuation: ERG 2024, Guide 151 (Sodium arsenite, solid)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Spill

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

Fire

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

12.5.2 Spillage Disposal

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Vacuum spilled material with specialist equipment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable, plastic containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

12.5.3 Cleanup Methods

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 625
Water spill: Add calcium hypochlorite. Neutralize with agricultural lime, crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate. Add ferric chloride. Adjust pH to neutral (pH 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 625
Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 625
Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 49-23
For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.5.4 Disposal Methods

Storage: To convert the gas-cleaning residues obtained during the metallurgical processing of arsenic-containing ores into a portable and less water-soluble form, the metals are precipitated as hydroxides by using an excess of lime water and the arsenic is precipitated as calcium arsenate and calcium arsenite. This "arsenic sludge" is recycled, on the one hand, in order not to lose the valuable metals, and on the other, in order to reduce the problem of arsenic sludge disposal. Arsenic trioxide is removed from waste gases by means of electrostatic separators (efficiency 70-90%) or bag filters (efficiency up to 99%). Bag filters, however, require twice to three times as much energy as electrostatic separators. The following storage possibilities are available today for arsenic residues that cannot be recycled immediately or at all /hazardous waste landfill/.
United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File). Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental Programme, Dec. 1985., p. 95
Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater + Pure Compound; Results of Study: 5ppm @ 4gpm @ pH= 7.0. Iron system-90% reduction; low lime system-80% reduction; high lime system-76% reduction; (3 coagulant systems were used; Iron system used 45 ppm as Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 @ pH= 6.0. Low lime system used 20 ppm Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 and 260 ppm of CaO @ pH= 10.0. High lime system used 600 ppm of CaO @ pH= 11.5. Chemical coagulation was followed by multimedia filtration). /Arsenic cmpd/
USEPA; Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA Contract No. 68-03-2766 p.E-68 (1982)
Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Full Scale Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater; Results of Study: Effluent character (ppb): 2.5, 56% reduction with lime; 3.3, 24% reduction with lime; (lime dose of 350-400 ppm as calcium oxide @ pH= 11.3). /Arsenic cmpd/
USEPA; Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA Contract No. 68-03-2766 p.E-68 (1982)

12.5.5 Preventive Measures

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. /Sodium arsenite, solid/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 969
Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Sodium arsenite, solid/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 969
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.6 Handling and Storage

12.6.1 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

12.6.2 Safe Storage

Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Well closed. Dry. Separated from acids, strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs.

12.6.3 Storage Conditions

STORAGE: CONTAINERS MUST BE AIR-TIGHT.
Worthing, C. R. (ed.). Pesticide Manual. 6th ed. Worcestershire, England: British Crop Protection Council, l979., p. 476
Protect container against physical damage. Store in well ventilated area away from food or food products and combustible materials. /Inorganic arsenic cmpd/
ITII. Toxic and Hazarous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual. Tokyo, Japan: The International Technical Information Institute, 1982., p. 51

12.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

Protective Clothing: ERG 2024, Guide 151 (Sodium arsenite, solid)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Exposure Summary
Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Inorganic arsenic plus methylated metabolites in urine = 35 ug As/L; end of workweek;
ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.

12.7.1 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

0.01 [mg/m3], as As

12.7.2 Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)

5.0 [mg/m3], as As
5 mg/cu m (as AS); NIOSH considers arsenic (inorganic cmpd, as As) to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Arsenic (inorganic cmpd, as As)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 20

12.7.3 Threshold Limit Values (TLV)

0.01 [mg/m3], as As
8 hr Time weighted Avg (TWA) 0.01 mg/cu m /Arsenic and inorganic cmpd, as As/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 12
A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Arsenic and inorganic cmpd, as As/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 12
Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Arsenic and inorganic compounds, as As/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 5
BEI (Biological Exposure Index): Determinant: Inorganic arsenic plus methylated metabolites in urine; Sampling Time: end of workweek; BEI: 35 ug As/L. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. /Arsenic, elemental and soluble inorganic cmpd/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 102
(as As): 0.01 mg/m

12.7.4 Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)

EU-OEL
(inhalable fraction): 0.01 mg/m
MAK (Maximale Arbeitsplatz Konzentration)
skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 1; germ cell mutagen group: 3A.

12.7.5 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines

Emergency Response: ERG 2024, Guide 151 (Sodium arsenite, solid)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Emergency Response: ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Sodium arsenite, aqueous solution)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

12.7.6 Inhalation Risk

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

12.7.7 Effects of Short Term Exposure

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. This may result in severe gastroenteritis, loss of fluids and electrolytes, kidney impairment, cardiac disorders, collapse and shock. Exposure could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

12.7.8 Effects of Long Term Exposure

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis and pigmentation disorders. The substance may have effects on the peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, bone marrow, kidneys, liver and mucous membranes. This may result in neuropathy, cardiovascular disorders, lesions of blood cells, kidney impairment, cirrhosis and perforation of the nasal septum. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

12.7.9 Acceptable Daily Intakes

WHO= 0.002 mg/kg /Inorganic arsenic cmpd, as As; from table/
Seiler, H.G., H. Sigel and A. Sigel (eds.). Handbook on the Toxicity of Inorganic Compounds. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1988., p. 843

12.7.10 Allowable Tolerances

Tolerances for total residues of combined arsenic (calculated as As) in food are established as follows: (a) In edible tissues & in eggs of chickens & turkeys: 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue; 2 ppm in uncooked edible by-products; & 0.5 ppm in eggs. (b) In edible tissues of swine: 2 ppm in uncooked liver & kidney; 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue & by-products other than liver & kidney. /Arsenic/
21 CFR 556.60 (4/1/2001)

12.7.11 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Workers should be supplied with suitable protective clothing, protective boots and when there is a risk that the exposure limit for airborne arsenic will be exceeded, respiratory protective equipment. /Arsenic cmpd/
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 182
Where there is occupational exposure to inorganic arsenic compounds, protective clothing shall be provided by the employers. This may include underwear, gloves, coveralls, and a hood over the head and neck. /Inorganic arsenic/
NIOSH; Criteria Document: Inorganic Arsenic p.5 (1975) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 75-149
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Arsenic (inorganic cmpd, as As)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 20
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Arsenic (inorganic cmpd, as As)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 20
For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.7.12 Preventions

Exposure Prevention
PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT! AVOID EXPOSURE OF (PREGNANT) WOMEN! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!
Inhalation Prevention
Use closed system or ventilation.
Skin Prevention
Protective gloves. Protective clothing.
Eye Prevention
Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
Ingestion Prevention
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

12.8 Stability and Reactivity

12.8.1 Air and Water Reactions

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.
Soluble in water. Slowly converted in solution to arsenates by atmospheric oxygen; in dry state it is decomposed by carbon dioxide. [EPA, 1998].
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

12.8.2 Reactive Group

Salts, Basic

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Salts, Basic

12.8.3 Reactivity Profile

SODIUM ARSENITE solution is basic. Absorbs carbon dioxide from the air. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Salts, basic, such as SODIUM ARSENITE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

12.8.4 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

... WHEN WATER SOLN OF ARSENICALS ARE IN CONTACT WITH ACTIVE METALS SUCH AS ARSENIC, IRON, ALUMINUM, ZINC, ... HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF ARSENIC /INCLUDING ARSINE ARE RELEASED/. /ARSENIC CMPD/
Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 275
Strong oxidizers, bromide azide [Note: Hydrogen gas can react with inorganic arsenic to form the highly toxic gas arsine.] /Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 20

12.9 Transport Information

12.9.1 DOT Emergency Guidelines

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Sodium arsenite, solid/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. /Sodium arsenite, solid/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at lease 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Sodium arsenite, solid/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Sodium arsenite, solid/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004
For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.9.2 Shipping Name / Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO

UN 1686; Sodium arsenite, aqueous solution
UN 2027; Sodium arsenite, solid
IMO 6.1; Sodium arsenite, aqueous or sodium arsenite, solid

12.9.3 Standard Transportation Number

49 232 91; Sodium arsenite, liquid (solution)

12.9.4 Shipment Methods and Regulations

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/2000)
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 42nd Ed. Montreal, Canada and Geneva, Switzerland: International Air Transport Association, Dangerous Goods Regulations, 2001., p. 225
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.
IMDG; International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; International Maritime Organization p.6221, 6220, 6219, 3270 (1998)

12.9.5 DOT Label

Poison

12.9.6 Packaging and Labelling

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

12.9.7 EC Classification

Symbol: T, N; R: 23/25-50/53; S: (1/2)-20/21-28-45-60-61; Note: A, 1

12.9.8 UN Classification

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II

12.10 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Arsenenous acid, sodium salt
Status Regulation (EC)
2002/2076
REACH Restricted Substance

Restricted substance: Sodium dioxoarsenate

EC: 232-070-5

Restriction condition document: PDF link

New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Sodium arsenite: HSNO Approval: HSR007126 Approved with controls

12.10.1 Atmospheric Standards

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Sodium arsenite is included on this list.
Clean Air Act as amended in 1990, Sect. 112 (b) (1) Public Law 101-549 Nov. 15, 1990
(a) The owner or operator of an existing glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 2.5 Mg (2.7 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/
40 CFR 61.162(a) (7/1/2001)
(b) The owner or operator of a new or modified glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 0.4 Mg (0.44 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/
40 CFR 61.162(b) (7/1/2001)
The owner or operator of each copper converter subject to the provisions of this subpart shall reduce inorganic arsenic emissions to the atmosphere by meeting the following design, equipment, work practice, and operational requirements: (1) Install, operate, and maintain a secondary hood system on each copper converter. Each secondary hood system shall consist of a hood enclosure, air curtain fan(s), exhaust system fan(s), and ductwork that conveys the captured emission to a control device ... (2) Optimize the capture of secondary inorganic arsenic emission by operating the copper converter and secondary hood systems at all times ... . /Inorganic arsenic/
40 CFR 61.172(b) (7/1/2001)
For more Atmospheric Standards (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.10.2 Federal Drinking Water Standards

10 ug/L /Arsenic/
USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present
Maximum Contaminant Level: 0.010 mg/L /Arsenic/
40 CFR 141.62 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of June 9, 2009: https://www.ecfr.gov

12.10.3 State Drinking Water Guidelines

(AZ) ARIZONA 10 ug/L /Arsenic/
USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present
(CT) CONNECTICUT 10 ug/L /Arsenic/
USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present

12.10.4 Clean Water Act Requirements

Sodium arsenite is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.
40 CFR 116.4 (7/1/2000)
Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Arsenic & cmpd/
40 CFR 401.15 (7/1/2001)
The national primary drinking water maximum contaminant level (MCL) for inorganic arsenic is 0.05 mg/l. /Inorganic arsenic/
40 CFR 141.11 (7/1/2001)
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic effects due to exposure of arsenic through ingestion of contaminated water & contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concn should be zero based on the nonthreshold assumption for this chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, & 1X10-7. The corresponding criteria are 22 ng/l, 2.2 ng/l, & .22 ng/l, respectively .... For consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 175 ng/ml, 17.5 ng/l, & 1.75 ng/l, respectively. /Arsenic/
USEPA; Quality Criteria for Water 1986: Arsenic: Human Health Criteria (May 1, 1986) EPA 440/5-86-001
D004; A solid waste containing arsenic may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.
40 CFR 261.24 (7/1/2001)

12.10.5 CERCLA Reportable Quantities

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
40 CFR 302.4 (7/1/2000)
Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Sodium arenite is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 or 10,000 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered for and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .
40 CFR 355 (7/1/2000)

12.10.6 FIFRA Requirements

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Sodium arsenite is found on List B. Case No: 2020; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide, herbicide; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered. Therefore, we are characterizing the case as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.
USEPA/OPP; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration and Special Review p.160 (Spring, 1998) EPA 738-R-98-002
If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 104

12.11 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - Trivalent arsenites: Human health tier II assessment

Evaluation - Water soluble arsenic compounds

12.11.1 Special Reports

WHO; Environmental Health Criteria Document No. 224: Arsenic and arsenic compounds. EHC are designed for scientists and administrators responsible for the establishment of safety standards and regulations and provide basic scientific risk evaluations of a wide range of chemicals and groups of chemicals.[Available from, as of June 24, 2009: http://www.inchem.org/pages/ehc.html]
DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Arsenic (7440-38-2) (PB/2008/100002) (August 2007). The ATSDR toxicological profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a hazardous substance's toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is presented in less detail.[Available from, as of June 22, 2009: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html]
Nat'l Research Council Canada; Effects of Arsenic in the Canadian Environment p.115 (1978) NRCC No. 15391
USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Arsenic p.37 (1984) EPA 440/5-84-033
For more Special Reports (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13 Toxicity

13.1 Toxicological Information

13.1.1 Toxicity Summary

Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which might form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17)
A17: Kitchin KT, Wallace K: The role of protein binding of trivalent arsenicals in arsenic carcinogenesis and toxicity. J Inorg Biochem. 2008 Mar;102(3):532-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.10.021. Epub 2007 Nov 22. PMID:18164070
T1: Klaassen C and Watkins J (2003). Casarett and Doull's Essentials of Toxicology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

13.1.2 Evidence for Carcinogenicity

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: sufficient; 2) evidence in animals: limited. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans. NOTE: This evaluation applies to the group of chemicals as a whole and not necessarily to all individual chemicals within the group. /Arsenic and arsenic compounds/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. S7 57 (1987)
CLASSIFICATION: A; human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on sufficient evidence from human data. An increased lung cancer mortality was observed in multiple human populations exposed primarily through inhalation. Also, increased mortality from multiple internal organ cancers (liver, kidney, lung, and bladder) and an increased incidence of skin cancer were observed in populations consuming drinking water high in inorganic arsenic. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. /Inorganic Arsenic/ /Based on former classification system/
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Summary on Arsenic, inorganic (7440-38-2). Available from, as of March 15, 2000: https://www.epa.gov/iris/
A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Arsenic and inorganic compounds, as As/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Values of Chemical Substances and Biological Exposure Indices, ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH 2009, p. 12
Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence in humans that arsenic in drinking-water causes cancers of the urinary bladder, lung and skin ... Overall evaluation: Arsenic in drinking-water is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Arsenic in drinking-water/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V84 (2004)
For more Evidence for Carcinogenicity (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.1.3 Carcinogen Classification

Carcinogen Classification
1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

13.1.4 Health Effects

Arsenic poisoning can lead to death from multi-system organ failure, probably from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis. Arsenic is also a known carcinogen, especially in skin, liver, bladder and lung cancers. (T1, L20)
L20: Wikipedia. Arsenic toxicity. Last Updated 22 February 2009. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_toxicity
T1: Klaassen C and Watkins J (2003). Casarett and Doull's Essentials of Toxicology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

13.1.5 Exposure Routes

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.
Oral (L2) ; inhalation (L2) ; dermal (L2)
L2: ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Toxicological profile for arsenic. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp2.html

13.1.6 Symptoms

Inhalation Exposure
Cough. Headache. Laboured breathing. Sore throat. See Ingestion.
Skin Exposure
MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.
Eye Exposure
Redness. Pain.
Ingestion Exposure
Abdominal pain. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Headache. Shock or collapse.
Exposure to lower levels of arsenic can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels.

13.1.8 Adverse Effects

Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Aplastic anemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as primary toxic effect.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 1: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as established human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Known to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Human.

13.1.9 Acute Effects

13.1.10 Toxicity Data

LD50: 41 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14) LD50: 150 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (T14) LD50: 1170 ug/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14) LD50: 14 mg/kg (Intramuscular Mouse) (T14) LD50: 7600 ug/kg (Intravenous, Rabbit) (T14)
T14: Lewis RJ (1996). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

13.1.11 Minimum Risk Level

Acute Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (L134) Chronic Oral: 0.0003 mg/kg/day (L134) Chronic Inhalation: 0.01 mg/m3 (L134)
L134: ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls/

13.1.12 Treatment

Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (L20)
L20: Wikipedia. Arsenic toxicity. Last Updated 22 February 2009. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_toxicity

13.1.13 Interactions

... /THE/ PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ARSENIC AGAINST SELENIUM POISONING /WAS FOUND WHEN/ SODIUM ARSENITE (5 PPM) IN DRINKING WATER REDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS ON DIET CONTAINING SELENIUM @ 15 PPM IN SELENIFEROUS WHEAT. ... SODIUM ARSENITE ... MOST EFFECTIVE IN ENHANCING BILIARY EXCRETION OF SELENIUM ... .
National Research Council. Drinking Water & Health Volume 1. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1977., p. 340
THE IP ADMIN OF THE SODIUM SALT OF 2,3-DIMERCAPTO-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID OR MESO-DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACID (DMSA) (0.80 MMOL/KG) IMMEDIATELY AFTER AND 90 MINUTES AFTER SODIUM ARSENITE INCREASED THE LD50 OF SODIUM ARSENITE 2-FOLD, RESPECTIVELY. D-PENICILLAMINE AND N-ACETYL-DL-PENICILLAMINE DID NOT AFFECT THE LD50 UNDER THE SAME CONDITIONS. A SERIES OF POLYMERCAPTO COMPOUNDS, SOME HAVING AS MANY AS 4 MERCAPTO GROUPS PER MOLECULE, ALSO DID NOT PROTECT AGAINST SODIUM ARSENITE. THERE IS EXTENSIVE EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM SALT OF 2,3-DIMERCAPTO-1- PROPANESULFONIC ACID AND MESO-DIMERCAPOTOSUCCINIC ACID AVAILABLE IN THE SOVIET AND CHINESE LITERATURE WHERE THESE AGENTS ARE KNOWN AS UNITHIOL OR UNITHIOL AND SUCCIMER, RESPECTIVELY.
APOSHIAN HV ET AL; TOXICOL APPL PHARMACOL 61 (3): 385-92 (1981)
SODIUM ARSENITE (160 PPM ARSENIC) INCREASED THE INCIDENCE OF DIETHYLNITROSAMINE (30 MG/KG, IP) INITIATED KIDNEY TUMOR BY ACTING AS A PROMOTER CARCINOGEN. ARSENIC BY ITSELF DID NOT CAUSE ANY TUMORS.
SHIRACHI DY ET AL; PROC WEST PHARMACOL SOC 26: 413-5 (1983)
meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid, and N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, and N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-pthalamidic acid are water soluble analogs of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. The relative effectiveness or therapeutic index of these dimercapto compounds in protecting mice from the lethal effects of an LD99 of sodium arsenite is meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid greater than N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt greater than N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-pthalamidic acid greater than 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol, in the magnitude of 42:14:4:1, respectively. N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-pthalamidic acid, or meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid will mobilize tissue arsenic. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol, however increases the arsenic content of the brain of rabbits injected with sodium arsenite. These results raise the question as to the appropriateness of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol as the treatment for systemic arsenic poisoning. Either meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid or N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium when given sc or po, will protect administered Lewisite. N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt and meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid have promise as prophylactics for the prevention of the vesicant action action of Lewisite. The sodium arsenite inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex can be prevented and reversed in vitro or in vivo by N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic, meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid, N-(2,3-dimercaptopropul)-pthalamidic acid or 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. Of them all, N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt is most potent and BAL appears to be the least potent.
Aposhian HV et al; Fundam Appl Toxicol 4 (2): Pt 2 58-70 (1984)
For more Interactions (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.1.14 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Exptl Therapy: Meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, and n-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-phthalamidic acid, are water soluble analogs of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. The relative effectiveness or therapeutic index of these dimercapto compounds in protecting mice from the lethal effect of an LD99 of sodium arsenite is meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid greater than 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt greater than n-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-phthalamidic acid greater than 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol in the magnitude of 42:14:4:1, respectively. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, n-(2,3-dimercapto-1- propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, or Meso-demercaptosuccinic acid will mobilize tissue arsenic. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol however, increases the arsenic content of the brain of rabbits injected with sodium arsenite. These results raise the question as to the appropriateness of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol as the treatment for systemic arsenic poisoning. Either meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid or 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, when given sc or orally, will protect rabbits against the lethal systemic effects of sc administered lewisite. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt and meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid, have promise as prophylactics for the prevention of the vesicant action of lewisite. The sodium arsenite inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can be prevented and reversed in vitro or in vivo by 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid, n-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-phthalamidic acid or 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. Of them all, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt is most potent and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol appears to be the least potent. The usefulness of all these dimercapto compounds would be enhanced by a careful study of their metabolism and biotransformation. These dimercapto compounds are in a great many respects orphan drugs.
Aposhian HV et al; Fundam Appl Toxicol 4 (2): S58-70 (1984)

13.1.15 Human Toxicity Excerpts

A 29 yr old man was found unresponsive a few min after self injecting undetermined amounts of potassium cyanide & sodium arsenite iv in a suicide attempt. Treatment with the Lilly Cyanide Antidote kit rapidly resolved the initial coma, despite a whole blood cyanide level of 4.4 ug/ml. A 12 hr urine arsenic collection begun on admission showed 10,065 ug arsenic/12 hr. The patient received im BAL initially, which was followed by two 10-day courses of oral D-penicillamine. Complications included upper gi tract bleeding requiring transfusion, transient elevations of liver function tests, self limited complaints of decreased vision with conjunctival hyperemia & photophobia, & an abscess at the injection site. Although specific antidote therapy completely resolved the cyanide toxicity, early & prolonged arsenic chelation did not prevent a mild sensory peripheral neuropathy from developing with onset about 17 days after self injection.
DiNapoli J et al; Ann Emerg Med 18 (3): 308-11 (1989)
Accumulation of heme oxygenase mRNA is strongly stimulated by treatment of cultured human skin fibroblasts with uv radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or the sulfhydryl reagent sodium arsenite. Since this will result in a transient reduction in the prooxidant state of cells, the phenomenon may represent an important inducible antioxidant defense mechanism. To examine the generality of the response, we have measured the accumulation of the specific mRNA in a variety of human & mammalian cell types after inducing treatments. Induction by sodium arsenite is observed in all addnl human cell types tested. This includes primary epidermal keratinocytes & lung & colon fibroblasts as well as established cell lines such as HeLa, TK6 lymphoblastoid, & transformed fetal keratinocytes. Strong induction of heme oxygenase mRNA is also observed following sodium arsenite treatment of cell lines of rat, hamster, mouse, monkey, & marsupial origin. The agents which lead to induction in cultured human skin fibroblasts fall into 2 categories: (a) those which are oxidants or can generate active intermediates (uv A radiation, hydrogen peroxide, menadione, & the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate); (b) agents which are known to interact with or modify cellular glutathione levels (buthionine sulfoximine, sodium arsenite, iodoacetamide, diamide, & cadmium chloride).
Applegate LA et al; Cancer Res 51 (3): 974-8 (1991)
Very young children may be more susceptible. Study of 291 exposure incidents involving a single kind of ant bait in the form of a bottle containing 1/2 oz (15 mL) of sweetened 0.61% sodium arsenite soln permitted a poison control center to conclude that a dosage of <1 mg/kg can cause serious illness in a child & 2 mg/kg can cause death.
Hayes, W.J., Jr., E.R. Laws, Jr., (eds.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 2. Classes of Pesticides. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., 1991., p. 550
A cross-sectional study of workers at a factory where sodium arsenite was prepared found that workers with the highest arsenic exposure (mean air levels ranging from 0.384 to 1.034 mg As/m3 and estimated to avg 0.613 mg As/m3) tended to be grossly pigmented with hyperkeratinization of exposed skin and to have multiple warts ... .
DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Arsenic p. 37 (2000)
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.1.16 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Sodium arsenite was administered orally /to Wistar rats/ at doses of 6.3 mg/kg, 10.5 mg/kg, and 12.6 mg/kg bw on the basis of a lethal dose 50% (LD50) /(41 mg/kg)/for 24 hr. After administration of arsenites, liver and brain were analyzed for various parameters of oxidative stress, histopathological changes, and caspase-3 activity. Glutathione levels were decreased significantly in the liver at all doses. In liver the following biochemical changes were observed, a significant lipid peroxidation and cytochrome-P450 induction along with significant decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase was observed at 10.5 mg/kg and 12.6 mg/kg. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was increased significantly at all doses. In brain, no significant change was observed at 6.3 mg/kg. However, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity along with significant decrease in the activity of glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase was observed at 10.5 mg/kg and 12.6 mg/kg. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase was decreased significantly in both liver and brain at 10.5 and 12.6 mg/kg. No significant alteration in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase was observed in either liver or brain at any dose. Dose-dependent histopathological changes, observed in both liver and brain, are also described. A significant increase in caspase-3 activity was observed at all doses in liver and at 10.5 and 12.6 mg/kg in brain. Sodium arsenite caused DNA cleavage into fragments and manifested as "DNA laddering", a hallmark of apoptosis.
Bashir S et al; Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 98 (1): 38-43 (2006).
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The effect of arsenic compounds depends on the chemical form and is specific for certain organs. The lack of specific biological indicators for the effects of each arsenic species makes it difficult to differentiate their toxicity. Five prospective biological indicators of systemic toxicity were examined at time points ranging from 15 min to 24 hr using male Sprague-Dawley rats, B6C3F1 mice, Golden-Syrian hamsters, and Hartley guinea pigs, following intraperitoneal dosing with 0.1 and 1 mg/kg sodium arsenite. Rats and mice were also dosed with 1 mg/kg sodium arsenate. Total blood arsenic levels were determined in all animal species to show that exposure occurred and as an index of the severity of the change is an indicator of toxicity. Total blood arsenic levels were increased in all animal species. This increase was dose, arsenic species, and animal dependent. Renal pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased at early time points in mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs, and at later time points in rats dosed with arsenite. Rats and mice dosed with arsenate also exhibited PDH decrease at early time points. Blood hematocrit and glucose were increased in the rat and guinea pig, respectively, after arsenite administration. Creatinine and urea nitrogen were found to be unresponsive to arsenic in most animal species. Data suggested that the mouse and secondly the hamster appear to be the most appropriate animal models for the study of acute arsenic toxicity.
Mitchell RD et al; J Toxicol Environ Health 59 (2): 119-34 (2000).
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Experimentally, acute poisoning of rabbits and rats with sodium arsenite has caused no retinal degeneration.
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 117
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The admin of sodium arsenite to rats produced profound induction of microsomal heme oxygenase in liver and kidney and a decrease in cytochrome P450 content.
Sardana ME et al; The Potent Heme Oxygenase Inducing Action Of Arsenic And Parasiticidal Arsenicals; Pharmacology 23 (5): 247-53 (1981)
For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (70 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.1.17 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Rat ip 13.39 mg/kg
Diaz-Barriga F et al; Toxicology 64:191-203 (1990)
LD50 Rat oral 11.2 ppm. /Arsenite/
Nat'l Research Council Canada; Effects of Arsenic in the Canadian Environment p.219 (1978) NRCC No. 15391
LD50 Rat oral 41 mg/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3231
LD50 Rat skin 150 mg/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3231
For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.1.18 National Toxicology Program Studies

... Sodium arsenite was ... selected for immunotoxicity studies /using female B6C3f1 mice/. The purpose of the range-finding study was to determine the doses of sodium arsenite to be used in an immuntoxicology protocol. The range-finding studies were conducted in female B6C3F1mice. The animals were administered sodium arsenite as a pellet implanted subcutaneously. ... The pellets were prepared using 1, 3 and 6 mg/pellet as recommended by the producer to obtain the desired blood levels of 100, 300 and 600 ng/ml. These doses proved highly toxic and the pellets were then prepared at 0.01, 0.03 and 0.06 mg/pellet. Two studies were carried out in completing the range-finding protocol. The pellets were implanted on day 1 and the assay evaluations were performed on day 15. Dose levels of 0.01, 0.03 and 0.06 mg/pellet were used; however, the high dose of 0.06 mg/pellet resulted in the death of the mice. ... The results of the sodium arsenite range-finding studies demonstrate that, in the female B6C3F1 mouse, exposure to sodium arsenite, administered by a subcutaneous implanted pellet for a 14-day exposure at doses of 0.06 or greater, produced overt toxicity and death of the animals. Exposure to lower doses of sodium arsenite (0.01 and 0.03 mg/pellet) did not result in significant changes in body weight, change in body weight gain, erythrocyte number, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, reticulocytes or leukocyte number. A slight, but significant decrease was seen in the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Exposure to lower doses of sodium arsenite (0.01 and 0.03 mg/pellet) did not result in significant changes in liver, spleen, thymus or kidney weight when the data were expressed as absolute weight (mg) or as percent body weight. A significant decrease was seen in the lung absolute weight (22.6%) but not in the percent body weight. ... Exposure to lower doses of sodium arsenite (0.01 and 0.03 mg/pellet) did not produce significant changes in the antibody-forming cell response to the T-dependent antigen, sheep erythrocytes, expressed as IgM AFC/10, while the IgM AFC/spleen did show a significant increase at 0.03 mg/pellet (49.2%). In the surface marker absolute values, no effects were observed in the number of B cells, T cells or CD8+ cells, but a significant decrease in the CD4+ cells (12.3%) was seen. Exposure to lower doses of sodium arsenite (0.01 and 0.03 mg/pellet) did not result in significant changes in the mixed leukocyte response (MLR) or natural killer (NK) cell activity. Based on the overall negative toxicological and immunological results of this range-finding study, the test article, sodium arsenite, will not be pursued as an expanded protocol.
Department of Health & Human Services/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program; Dose Range-Finding Study for the Immunotoxicity Evaluation of Sodium Arsenite (CAS No. 7784-46-5) in Female B6C3F1 Mice, NTP Study No. IMM94004 (February 1994) Available from, as of August 21, 2002: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=0847E929-E207-E4CD-69CC7D186EEA4F16

13.2 Ecological Information

13.2.1 EPA Ecotoxicity

Pesticide Ecotoxicity Data from EPA

13.2.2 Ecotoxicity Values

LD50 MALLARD DUCKS ORAL 323 MG/KG, 3-4 MO OLD FEMALES, (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 149-699)
U. S. Department of the Interior, Fish & Wildlife Service, Bureau of Sport Fisheries & Wildlife. Handbook of Toxicity of Pesticides to Wildlife. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1970., p. 102
EC50 DAPHNIA PULEX 3.0 MG/L/48 HOURS, 2ND YEAR CLASS, AT 15 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 2.2-4.1)
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 73
LC50 PTERONARCYS 38 MG/L/96 HOURS AT 12 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 14-39) 2ND YEAR CLASS. STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, pH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CaCO3 AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 73
LC50 RAINBOW TROUT 23 MG/L/96 HOURS AT 12 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 14-39) 2.6G. STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, pH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CaCO3 AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 mg/l.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 73
For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.2.3 ICSC Environmental Data

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

13.2.4 Environmental Fate

AS A RESULT OF APPLYING ARSENICALS AS HERBICIDES, DESICCANTS, OR SOIL STERILANTS, SOIL ARSENIC LEVELS CAN INCREASE UNDER SOME CONDITIONS. SODIUM ARSENITE WAS APPLIED TO BARE SOIL AT 1, 2, AND 10 TIMES THE RECOMMENDED MAX APPLICATION RATE. AFTER INCORPORATION, RADISHES AND SOYBEANS WERE PLANTED AS INDICATOR CROPS TO ASSESS THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF ARSENIC RESIDUES. SOIL RESIDUES INCR AT ALL LEVELS OF APPLICATION. HOWEVER, ONLY 50% OF THE ARSENIC APPLIED AT 10 TIMES THE RECOMMENDED RATE WAS FOUND AFTER 7 ANNUAL APPLICATIONS. TOTAL LOSSES OF ARSENIC FROM THE SOIL AVERAGED 14-15% OF THAT APPLIED EACH YEAR.
WOOLSON EA, ISENSEE AR; SOIL RESIDUE ACCUMULATION FROM THREE APPLIED ARSENIC SOURCES; WEED SCI 29 (1): 17-21 (1981)

13.2.5 Environmental Bioconcentration

ENVIRONMENTAL ACCUMULATION: WHEN SODIUM ARSENITE WAS USED AS AN AQUATIC HERBICIDE IN A WISCONSIN LAKE, ELEVATED ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS WERE FOUND IN AQUATIC VEGETATION. A SINGLE SAMPLE OF CLADOPHORA CONTAINED 1258 MG/KG ARSENIC (DRY WEIGHT), AND FRESH SHOOTS OF MATURE MYRIOPHYLLUM STEMS CONTAINED BETWEEN 228 AND 261 MG/KG (DRY WEIGHT).
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V23 72 (1980)

13.2.6 Soil Adsorption / Mobility

Water soluble inorganic arsenicals, eg sodium arsenite, are leached toward greater depths than organic arsenicals. ... In sandy soils, 720 kg/ha applied to the soil as sodium arsenite had, after 3 yr, reached a depth of 60 cm. ... Inorganic arsenicals ... show a strong tendency to leach into surface and groundwaters.
Nat'l Research Council Canada; Effects of Arsenic in the Canadian Environment p.105 (1978) NRCC No. 15391
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE: INORGANIC ARSENICALS ... SUCH AS ... SODIUM ARSENITE ... HAVE BEEN USED FOR MANY YR AS SOIL STERILANTS ... THESE CMPD ARE MOST PERSISTENT SOIL STERILANTS & MAY REMAIN EFFECTIVE FOR PERIODS AS LONG AS 5-8 YR ESP IN AREAS OF LOW RAINFALL.
White-Stevens, R. (ed.). Pesticides in the Environment: Volume 1, Part 1, Part 2. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1971., p. 34

13.2.7 Sediment / Soil Concentrations

LAKE LANSING WAS TREATED WITH SODIUM ARSENITE FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN 1957. TWO 2.5 M SEDIMENT CORES FROM DEEP PORTIONS OF THE LAKE BASIN WERE ANALYZED FOR TOTAL ARSENIC IN 5 CM INCREMENTS. 17-20 UG/G DRY WEIGHT OCCURRED IN LOWER PORTIONS OF THE CORES, AND THIS WAS TAKEN AS BACKGROUND. BOTH CORES HAD MAXIMA OF 330-340 UG/G AT DEPTH INTERVAL 0.15-0.30 M. THESE PEAKS WERE TAKEN TO REPRESENT CONTAMINATION FROM WEED TREATMENT IN 1957. THE RATE OF DECREASE IN RECENTLY DEPOSITED SEDIMENTS PREDICTED THAT CONCENTRATIONS NEAR BACKGROUND WOULD EXIST IN SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS IN THE DEEP PORTIONS OF THE BASIN BY 1989.
BATTERSON TR; ARSENIC IN LAKE LANSING, MICHIGAN; DISS ABSTR INT B 41 (9): 3317 (1981)

13.2.8 Atmospheric Concentrations

In a plant where sodium arsenite was being manufactured, mean air arsenic concentrations of between 0.078 and 1.034 mg/cu m were found among various workstations during sampling times of "10 minutes or more".
WHO; Environ Health Criteria: Arsenic p.48 (1981)

14 Associated Disorders and Diseases

Associated Occupational Diseases with Exposure to the Compound
Arsenic, chronic toxic effect [Category: Metal Poisoning, Occupational]

15 Literature

15.1 Consolidated References

15.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

15.3 Springer Nature References

15.4 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

15.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

15.6 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

16 Patents

16.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

16.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

16.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

16.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

16.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

17 Interactions and Pathways

17.1 Chemical-Target Interactions

18 Biological Test Results

18.1 BioAssay Results

19 Classification

19.1 MeSH Tree

19.2 NCI Thesaurus Tree

19.3 ChEBI Ontology

19.4 KEGG: Pesticides

19.5 ChemIDplus

19.6 CAMEO Chemicals

19.7 ChEMBL Target Tree

19.8 UN GHS Classification

19.9 EPA CPDat Classification

19.10 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

19.11 EPA DSSTox Classification

19.12 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

19.13 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

19.14 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

20 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
    LICENSE
    CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data.
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    SODIUM ARSENITE, AQUEOUS SOLUTION
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/1473
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  4. DrugBank
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    Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)
    https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_use
  5. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    Arsenenous acid, sodium salt (1:1)
    https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  6. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  7. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
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  9. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  10. ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
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  12. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
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  26. Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS), Safe Work Australia
  27. NITE-CMC
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    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/08-mhlw-2025e.html
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  28. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
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CONTENTS