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Lithium hydride

PubChem CID
62714
Structure
Lithium hydride_small.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • LITHIUM HYDRIDE
  • 7580-67-8
  • lithium;hydride
  • Lithium monohydride
  • 13587-16-1
Molecular Weight
8.0 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-03-26
  • Modify:
    2025-01-18
Description
Lithium hydride appears as a white or translucent crystalline mass or powder. The commercial product is light bluish-gray lumps due to the presence of minute amounts of colloidally dispersed lithium.
Lithium hydride is an alkali metal hydride where the metal is specified as lithium.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Lithium hydride.png

1.2 Crystal Structures

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

lithium;hydride
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/Li.H/q+1;-1
Computed by InChI 1.07.0 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)

2.1.3 InChIKey

SRTHRWZAMDZJOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.07.0 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)

2.1.4 SMILES

[H-].[Li+]
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

HLi
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
LiH

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

13587-16-1
7580-67-8

2.3.2 Deprecated CAS

159577-72-7, 64975-42-4

2.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.4 UNII

2.3.5 UN Number

2.3.6 ChEBI ID

2.3.7 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.8 ICSC Number

2.3.9 RTECS Number

2.3.10 Wikidata

2.3.11 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
8.0 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
8.02382847 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
8.02382847 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
0 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Lithium hydride appears as a white or translucent crystalline mass or powder. The commercial product is light bluish-gray lumps due to the presence of minute amounts of colloidally dispersed lithium.
Odorless, off-white to gray, translucent, crystalline mass or white powder; [NIOSH] Potent hygroscopic properties; [ACGIH]
Gray crystals with melting point of 680 deg C; [Hawley]
ODOURLESS WHITE-TO-GREYISH HYGROSCOPIC SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS. TURNS DARK ON EXPOSURE TO LIGHT.
Odorless, off-white to gray, translucent, crystalline mass or white powder.

3.2.2 Color / Form

Gray cubic crystals or powder, hygroscopic
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 4-70
White translucent, crystalline mass or powder; commercial product is light bluish-gray due to minute amount of colloidally dispersed lithium
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 676
Cubic crystals, darkens rapidly on exposure to light
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 991

3.2.3 Odor

Odorless ...
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control & Prevention. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-149 (CD-ROM) September 2005.

3.2.4 Boiling Point

Decomposes (NIOSH, 2024)
decomposes

3.2.5 Melting Point

1256 °F (EPA, 1998)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
688.7 °C
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 4-70
680 °C
1256 °F

3.2.6 Solubility

Reacts with water (NIOSH, 2024)
Insoluble in benzene and toluene; soluble in ether
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 676
Solubility in water: reaction
Reacts

3.2.7 Density

0.76 to 0.77 (EPA, 1998)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
0.78 g/cu cm
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 4-70
0.8 g/cm³
0.78

3.2.8 Vapor Pressure

0 mmHg at 68 °F (EPA, 1998)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Approximately 0 mm Hg
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control & Prevention. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-149 (CD-ROM) September 2005.
Vapor pressure at 20 °C: negligible
0 mmHg (approx)

3.2.9 Stability / Shelf Life

Darkens rapidly on exposure to light.
The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983., p. 793

3.2.10 Autoignition Temperature

392 °F (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Ignition temperature: 392 °F.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
200 °C

3.2.11 Decomposition

Thermally unstable. Decomp at 1009 °F (400 °C).
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-92
Rapidly decomposes in water to form lithium hydroxide and hydrogen; 1 g in water liberates approximately 2.8 L of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure.
The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983., p. 793
850 °C

3.2.12 Other Experimental Properties

Decomp pressure nil at 25 °C; 0.7 mm at 500 °C; 760 mm at approximately 850 °C; decomposed by water, forming hydrogen and lithium hydroxide
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 676
Heat of solution: -7200 Btu/lb
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.
Standard molar enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K: -90.5 kJ/mol; molar heat capacity at constant pressure and 298.15 K: 27.9 J/mol K
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 5-13
Enthalpy of fusion: 22.59 kJ/mol
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 6-110
For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for LITHIUM HYDRIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.3 SpringerMaterials Properties

3.4 Chemical Classes

Metals -> Metal Hydrides

4 Spectral Information

4.1 IR Spectra

4.1.1 FTIR Spectra

Technique
MULLED IN MINERAL OIL
Source of Sample
The Matheson Company, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.1.2 ATR-IR Spectra

Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS
Technique
ATR-Neat (DuraSamplIR II)
Source of Spectrum
Forensic Spectral Research
Source of Sample
Matheson Company. Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio
Copyright
Copyright © 2010-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.2 Raman Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS 175C with Raman accessory
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Sample
The Matheson Company, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS 175C with Raman accessory
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Sample
The Matheson Company, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

6 Chemical Vendors

7 Use and Manufacturing

7.1 Uses

EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Used as an intermediate for chemical synthesis, a desiccating agent, and to make ceramics and special glass; Used as a coolant and shielding material in nuclear energy production; [ACGIH]
ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.
Sources/Uses
Used in thermonuclear fusion; [Hawley] Used as the explosive in the hydrogen bomb and may be used in the future as the fuel for controlled fusion reactions; [ACGIH]
Hawley - Lewis RJ. _Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, _15th Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.
Reducing agent, condensing agent with ketones and acetic esters; desiccant; in hydrogen generators.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 958
Prep of lithium amide & double hydrides; nuclear shielding material; reducing agent; desiccant; source of hydrogen; condensing agent in organic synthesis
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 676
In manufacture of electronic tubes, in ceramics, and in chem synthesis
Doull, J., C.D. Klaassen, and M. D. Amdur (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1980., p. 448
Most lithium hydride, which is produced in tonnage quantities, is used as a raw material in the production of lithium aluminum hydride and lithium amide.
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 6th ed.Vol 1: Federal Republic of Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 2003 to Present, p. V16 724 (2003)
For more Uses (Complete) data for LITHIUM HYDRIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

7.1.1 Use Classification

Hazard Classes and Categories -> Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree

7.2 Methods of Manufacturing

Lithium hydride is manufactured on a large scale by combination of the elements at 700-900 °C.
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 6th ed.Vol 1: Federal Republic of Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 2003 to Present, p. V16 724 (2003)
Prepared by the direct combination of hydrogen and lithium.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 958
Reaction of molten lithium with hydrogen
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 676

7.3 Impurities

The commercial product contains traces of impurities, e.g., unreacted lithium metal
Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA13 202

7.4 Formulations / Preparations

Grade: 93-95%, Based on hydrogen evolution.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 676
Powder, -30 mesh; 95%
The Aldrich Catalog/Handbook of Fine Chemicals 1996-97, Aldrich Chem Co, Milwaukee, WI, pp 872 (1994)
Product has a purity of 98-99% and is supplied in the form of lumps or powder
Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA13 202

7.5 U.S. Production

As of 1980, annual US production was less than 100 metric tons
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. V12 773

7.6 General Manufacturing Information

EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Lithium hydride (LiH): ACTIVE
Commercial product is light bluish-gray due to minute amt of colloidally dispersed lithium.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 676
Industrial product has a bulk density of approx 0.29 kg/L
Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA13 203

8 Safety and Hazards

8.1 Hazards Identification

8.1.1 GHS Classification

1 of 4
View All
Pictogram(s)
Flammable
Corrosive
Acute Toxic
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H260 (99.4%): In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

H301 (80.5%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (56.7%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P223, P231+P232, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P402+P404, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 164 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

8.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Water-react. 1 (99.4%)

Acute Tox. 3 (80.5%)

Skin Corr. 1B (100%)

Eye Dam. 1 (56.7%)

Water-react. 1 (97.7%)

Skin Corr. 1B (97.7%)

8.1.3 NFPA Hazard Classification

NFPA 704 Diamond
3-2-2- ̵W̵
NFPA Health Rating
3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.
NFPA Fire Rating
2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.
NFPA Instability Rating
2 - Materials that readily undergo violent chemical changes at elevated temperatures and pressures.
NFPA Specific Notice
W - No water: Materials that react violently or explosively with water.

8.1.4 Health Hazards

This material is relatively toxic to people. It is more likely to cause irritation of skin and mucous membrane tissues rather than death. Its effects are primarily acute. A massive exposure to the eyes and by inhalation may be lethal. Those experiencing any ailment of the upper respiratory tract (e.g., bronchitis or pneumonia) are at a greater risk. (EPA, 1998)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Lithium hydride)

· Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.

· May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water.

· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

8.1.5 Fire Hazards

In a fire, irritating alkali fumes may form. Lithium hydride can form airborne dust clouds which may explode on contact with flame, heat, or oxidizing materials. Additionally, spontaneous ignition occurs when nitrous oxide and lithium hydride are mixed. Lithium hydride also forms explosive mixtures with liquid oxygen. Contact with heat, moisture or acid causes exothermic reaction and evolution of hydrogen as well as lithium hydroxide. Incompatible with air and moisture, nitrous oxide, strong oxidizers, and liquid oxygen. Lithium hydride may ignite spontaneously in air and should be maintained and handled out of contact with air and moisture. Any contact with nitrous oxide; airborne powders may ignite upon reaching moisture. (EPA, 1998)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Lithium hydride)

· Produce flammable gases on contact with water.

· May ignite on contact with water or moist air.

· Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.

· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

· May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

· Some are transported in highly flammable liquids.

· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. See Chemical dangers Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

8.1.6 Hazards Summary

Inhalation of aerosol can induce pulmonary edema. [ICSC] Burns to the skin appear worse than those caused by an equivalent amount of sodium hydroxide. [CHRIS] The TLV Basis is irritation (eye and respiratory tract); A worker inhaled lithium hydride fuel for 3 to 4 minutes and developed noncardiac pulmonary edema with subsequent full recovery; [ACGIH] See Lithium deuteride.
ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.
See Lithium hydride.

8.1.7 Fire Potential

Lithium hydride is a flammable solid and is dangerous when wet.
Sullivan, J.B. Jr., G.R. Krieger (eds.). Hazardous Materials Toxicology-Clinical Principles of Environmental Health. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1992., p. 1199
... Flammable solid.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-92

8.1.8 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Lithium hydride is a severe irritant of the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin due to the formation of lithium hydroxide on moist surfaces and its caustic action.
Zenz, C., O.B. Dickerson, E.P. Horvath. Occupational Medicine. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO., 1994, p. 605
Lithium hydride causes sneezing, coughing, and severe irritation of the nose and throat.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.
Corrosive. Causes severe eye and skin burns. May be harmful if inhaled. Symptoms of overexposure include nausea, muscular twitches, mental confusion, blurred vision.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-92

8.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

8.2.1 Flammable Limits

Flammability
Combustible Solid that can form airborne dust clouds which may explode on contact with flame, heat, or oxidizers.

8.2.2 Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

Flammable solid. (EPA, 1998)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

8.2.3 Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

Flammable solid. (EPA, 1998)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

8.2.4 Physical Dangers

Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air.

8.2.5 Explosive Limits and Potential

/Lithium hydride/ dust/air mixtures may explode.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-92
Mixtures of /lithium hydride/ powder with liquid oxygen are detonatable explosives of greater power than TNT.
Armour, M.A. Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1991., p. 209

8.2.6 OSHA Standards

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.025 mg/cu m.
29 CFR 1910.1000; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 14, 2007: https://www.ecfr.gov

8.2.7 NIOSH Recommendations

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.025 mg/cu m.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)

8.3 First Aid Measures

Inhalation First Aid
Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. No mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Refer immediately for medical attention.
Skin First Aid
Remove contaminated clothes. Put clothes in sealable container. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention .
Eye First Aid
Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.
Ingestion First Aid
Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

8.3.1 First Aid

Warning: Lithium hydride is an alkaline-corrosive agent. Contact with eyes may result in severe damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and blood vessels. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Lithium Hydride Exposure: Acute exposure to lithium hydride may result in irritation and burning of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Increased salivation, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), abdominal pain, and spontaneous vomiting may occur. Stridor (high-pitched, noisy respirations), dyspnea (shortness of breath), and pulmonary edema are also common. Apathy and mental confusion may develop, with progression to coma and death.Emergency Life Support Procedures: Acute exposure to lithium hydride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to lithium hydride.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to lithium hydride.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 30 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas for at least 15 minutes with water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Activated charcoal is of no value.

5. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Lithium hydride)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingestedor inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuouscompressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(See general first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Brush (DO NOT WASH)

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

8.4 Fire Fighting

Wear protective goggles or face shield, rubberized gloves, flame-proof outer clothing, respirator, and high boots or shoes. Large fires: withdraw from area and let fire burn, as lithium hydride may continue to re-ignite. A fire, once started, cannot be extinguished by ordinary methods.

Do not use water, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or halogenated extinguishing agents such as carbon tetrachloride. Use dry graphite; or ground dolomite-based dry chemical extinguishers such as "Lith-X". Fires may be smothered by inverting a can over them. (EPA, 1998)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
NO hydrous agents, foam, carbon dioxide. Use inert gas, dry sand, special powder.

8.4.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

Use approved Class D extinguishers or smother with dry sand, dry clay, or dry ground limestone. Do not use carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing agents. Do NOT use water. Violent reaction may result.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-92
A fire once started cannot be extinguished by ordinary methods; smothering by dolomite powder is recommended.
Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 1738
Fires should be extinguished with dry chemicals; "Lith-X," the trademark for a graphite-base dry chemical extinguishing agent, is available for such fires.
Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 1739
Dry nitrogen, graphite, or lithium chloride. Never use water, foam, halogenated hydrocarbons, soda acid, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not use water. Do not use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Use graphite, soda ash or powdered sodium chloride. /Lithium hydride; lithium hydride in fused solid form/
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 538

8.4.2 Firefighting Hazards

May decompose when hot to form flammable hydrogen gas. Reacts violently with water to produce hydrogen, which may explode in air.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
May ignite spontaneously in air and may reignite after fire is extinguished. Reacts with water to form hydrogen and lithium hydroxide.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
Corrosive ... Water reactive ... Evolves hydrogen and ignites on contact with water.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-92
The principal physical property of lithium hydrides important to their safe handling is the large amount of hydrogen contained in a relatively small volume. Two g of lithium hydride treated with water will liberate 200 cu ft of hydrogen. ... In the handling of lithium hydrides, water in any form must be eliminated. ... Chief hazards in handling are dust production, static electricity, and fire.
Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 1738

8.5 Accidental Release Measures

Public Safety: ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Lithium hydride)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

Spill or Leak: ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Lithium hydride)

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

Powder Spill

· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.

· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

8.5.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuation: ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Lithium hydride)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

Fire

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

8.5.2 Spillage Disposal

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Cover the spilled material with dry powder.

8.5.3 Cleanup Methods

Wearing butyl rubber gloves, fireproof clothing, face shield and goggles, cover spill with sand. Transfer mixture into a dry plastic bag filled in advance with an inert gas. Carry outdoors for incineration. After burning (if not in a proper incinerator), sprinkle water on the residue for complete destruction. Alternatively, in the fume hood, add butanol slowly to the solid mixture until the reaction ceases. Then carefully add water until all the hydride is destroyed. Let stand until solid settles.
Armour, M.A. Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1991., p. 209
Keep water away from release. Shovel into suitable dry container.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-92

8.5.4 Disposal Methods

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

8.5.5 Preventive Measures

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
Lithium hydride is pyrophoric and should be maintained and handled out of contact with air and moisture.
Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 1739
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
The worker should immediately brush (DO NOT WASH) the skin when it becomes contaminated.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for LITHIUM HYDRIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

8.6 Handling and Storage

8.6.1 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

POWDER SPILL: Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2024)

8.6.2 Safe Storage

Separated from incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Keep under mineral oil or inert gas. Cool. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

8.6.3 Storage Conditions

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Must be stored in a dry location. Immediately remove and properly dispose of any spilled material.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-92
Protect containers against physical damage. Store in a well-ventilated, cool and dry place. isolated from residential quarters. Keep water from entering in storage area.
ITII. Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual. Tokyo, Japan: The International Technical Information Institute, 1988., p. 304

8.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

Protective Clothing: ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Lithium hydride)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

8.7.2 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

0.02 [mg/m3]
PEL-TWA (8-Hour Time Weighted Average)
0.025 mg/m³
TWA 0.025 mg/m3

8.7.3 Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)

0.5 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)
Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: It has been recommended that 0.5 mg/m3 is the maximum tolerable concentration for brief periods of exposure [AIHA 1964].
AIHA - Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides, Complete Set and Update Set. Fairfax, VA: AIHA, 2008. 1964
0.5 mg/cu m
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
0.5 mg/m³

0.5 mg/m3

See: 7580678

8.7.4 Threshold Limit Values (TLV)

TLV-Ceiling
0.05 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.025 mg/cu m.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH 2014, p. 37
Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH 2014, p. 5
2014 Notice of Intended Changes (NIC): These substances, with their corresponding values and notations, comprise those for which (1) a limit is proposed for the first time, (2) a change in the Adopted value is proposed, (3) retention as an NIC is proposed, or (4) withdrawal of the Documentation and adopted TLV is proposed. In each case, the proposals should be considered trial values during the period they are on the NIC. These proposals were ratified by the ACGIH Board of Directors and will remain on the NIC for approximately one year following this ratification. If the Committee neither finds nor receives any substantive data that changes its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may then approve its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for adoption. If the Committee finds or receives substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may change its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for the matter to be either retained on or withdrawn from the NIC. Substance: Lithium hydride; Time Weighted Avg (TWA): None; Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): Ceiling limit 0.05 mg/cu m, Inhalable fraction; Notations: None; Molecular Weight: 7.95; TLV Basis: Respiratory tract and eye irritation.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH 2014, p. 64
(inhalable fraction): 0.05 mg/m
TLV-C (Ceiling)
0.05 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2014]

8.7.5 Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)

EU-OEL
(inhalable fraction): 0.02 mg/m

8.7.6 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines

Emergency Response: ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Lithium hydride)

· DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

Large Fire

· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Metals or Powders (Aluminum, Lithium, Magnesium, etc.)

· Use dry chemical, DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or class D extinguishers; in addition, for Lithium you may use Lith-X® powder or copper powder. Also, see GUIDE 170.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

ERPG-1: 25 ug/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 100 ug/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 500 ug/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

8.7.7 Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines

Australia: 0.025 mg/cu m (1990); United Kingdom: 0.025 mg/cu m (1991).
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I, II, III. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1991., p. 863
Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG): ERPG(1) 25 ug/cu m (no more than mild, transient effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(2) 100 ug/cu m (without serious, adverse effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(3) 500 ug/cu m (not life threatening) up to 1 hr exposure.
American Industrial Hygiene Association. The AIHA 1999 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides Handbook. American Industrial Hygiene Association. Fairfax, VA 1999., p. 26

8.7.8 Inhalation Risk

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

8.7.9 Effects of Short Term Exposure

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause severe swelling of the throat. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on the eyes and the upper respiratory tract have become manifest.

8.7.10 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Lithium hydride:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: BRUSH (DO NOT WASH) - Brush (DO NOT WASH)

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH (>0.5 MG/M3) - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (>0.5 mg/m3) (NIOSH, 2024)

Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing ...
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.
Goggles or face shield; rubberized gloves; flame-proof outer clothing; respirator; high boots or shoes.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for LITHIUM HYDRIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(See personal protection and sanitation codes)

Skin: Prevent skin contact - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: Prevent eye contact - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: Brush (DO NOT WASH)

Remove: When wet or contaminated

Change: Daily - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench (>0.5 mg/m3)

8.7.11 Respirator Recommendations

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 0.25 mg/m3 :

(APF = 10) Any air-purifying respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter (including N100, R100, and P100 filtering facepieces) except quarter-mask respirators.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator

Up to 0.5 mg/m3 :

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode*/

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.

(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter.*

(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece

(APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece

Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions:

(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus

Escape:

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.

Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus

Important additional information about respirator selection

8.7.12 Preventions

Fire Prevention
NO open flames. See Chemical Dangers. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust.
Exposure Prevention
PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!
Inhalation Prevention
Use closed system or breathing protection.
Skin Prevention
Protective gloves. Protective clothing.
Eye Prevention
Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.
Ingestion Prevention
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

8.8 Stability and Reactivity

8.8.1 Air and Water Reactions

Burns readily in air, particularly if powdered. May ignite spontaneously in moist air. Reacts rapidly with water to form caustic lithium hydroxide and hydrogen [Bretherick 1979 p. 107].

8.8.2 Reactive Group

Metal Hydrides, Metal Alkyls, Metal Aryls, and Silanes

8.8.3 Reactivity Alerts

Strong Reducing Agent

Water-Reactive

Pyrophoric

8.8.4 Reactivity Profile

LITHIUM HYDRIDE is a strong reducing agent. Th esolid may decompose violently in contact with most oxidizing materials. It reacts exothermically with water to form caustic lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas; the hydrogen may ignite. May ignite spontaneously in moist air. Mixtures with liquid oxygen are explosive. Ignites on contact with dinitrogen oxide [Mellor, 1967, vol. 8, suppl. 2.2, p. 214].

8.8.5 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Reacts with the lower alcohols, carboxylic acids, chlorine and ammonia at 400 °C to liberate hydrogen.
Armour, M.A. Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1991., p. 209
May ignite combustible materials if they are damp.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
Spontaneous ignition occurs when nitrous oxide and lithium hydride are mixed. ... Violently decomposes with water.
Armour, M.A. Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1991., p. 209
Strong oxidizers, halogenated hydrocarbons, acids, water [Note: May ignite SPONTANEOUSLY in air and may reignite after fire is extinguished. Reacts with water to form hydrogen & lithium hydroxide].
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for LITHIUM HYDRIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

8.9 Transport Information

8.9.1 DOT Emergency Guidelines

/GUIDE 138 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (Emitting Flammable Gases)/ Fire or Explosion: Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Lithium hydride; Lithium hydride, fused solid/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 138 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (Emitting Flammable Gases)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Lithium hydride; Lithium hydride, fused solid/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 138 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (Emitting Flammable Gases)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate the area before entry. /Lithium hydride; Lithium hydride, fused solid/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 138 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (Emitting Flammable Gases)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Lithium hydride; Lithium hydride, fused solid/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for LITHIUM HYDRIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

8.9.2 DOT ID and Guide

8.9.3 Shipping Name / Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO

UN 1414; Lithium hydride
UN 2805; Lithium hydride, fused solid
IMO 4.3; Lithium hydride; lithium hydride, fused solid

8.9.4 Standard Transportation Number

49 164 24; Lithium hydride
49 164 25; Lithium hydride, fused solid form

8.9.5 Shipment Methods and Regulations

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2 (USDOT); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of December 9, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Lithium hydride and lithium hydride, fused solid are included on the dangerous goods list.
International Air Transport Association. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 55th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2014., p. 262
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Lithium hydride and lithium hydride, fused solid are included on the dangerous goods list.
International Maritime Organization. IMDG Code. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code Volume 2 2012, p. 66, 140

8.9.6 DOT Label

Dangerous When Wet

8.9.7 Packaging and Labelling

Airtight. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container.

8.9.8 UN Classification

UN Hazard Class: 4.3; UN Pack Group: I

8.10 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Lithium hydride (LiD)
The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Lithium hydride (LiH)
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Lithium hydride: HSNO Approval: HSR001280 Approved with controls

8.10.1 CERCLA Reportable Quantities

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Lithium hydride is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100 lbs.
40 CFR 355; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 14, 2007: https://www.ecfr.gov

8.11 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - Lithium hydride (LiD): Human health tier I assessment

IMAP assessments - Lithium hydride (LiD): Environment tier I assessment

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - Lithium hydride (LiH): Environment tier I assessment

IMAP assessments - Lithium hydride (LiH): Human health tier I assessment

8.11.1 Toxic Combustion Products

Combustion may produce irritants and toxic gases.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-92
Irritating alkali fumes may form in a fire.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

9 Toxicity

9.1 Toxicological Information

9.1.1 Toxicity Summary

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lithium hydride is a soft silver -white metal which reacts with water and is soluble in liquid ammonia.It is used in the manufacture of catalysts for polyolefin plastics; in fuels for aircraft, missiles. It is used in metallurgy, as degasifier, deoxidizer, desulfurizer; as grain refiner in non-ferrous metals. Used as a chemical intermediate for butyllithium polymerization catalyst; in alloys with aluminum or magnesium for aerospace uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Lithium hydride causes severe eye and skin burns. Industrial exposures to lithium may occur during extraction of lithium from its ores, preparation of various lithium compounds, welding, brazing, enameling, and from the use of lithium hydrides. ANIMAL STUDIES: No animal studies could be located.

9.1.2 NIOSH Toxicity Data

9.1.3 Exposure Routes

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.
inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

9.1.4 Symptoms

Inhalation Exposure
Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Nausea. Vomiting. Shortness of breath.
Skin Exposure
Redness. Pain. Blisters. Skin burns.
Eye Exposure
Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.
Ingestion Exposure
Sore throat. Nausea. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse.
irritation eyes, skin; eye, skin burns; mouth, esophagus burns (if ingested); nausea; muscle twitches; mental confusion; blurred vision

9.1.5 Target Organs

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

9.1.6 Adverse Effects

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

9.1.7 Toxicity Data

LCLo (rat) = 10 mg/m3/4H

9.1.8 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during treatment ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... /Lithium and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 398-90
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... /Lithium and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 399

9.1.9 Medical Surveillance

Employees should be screened for history of /the following/ medical conditions which might place the employee at increased risk from lithium hydride exposure: chronic respiratory disease ... skin disease ... eye disease. ... Any employee developing any of /these/ conditions should be referred for further medical examination.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.

9.1.10 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Great chemical reactivity, particularly with moisture, producing marked irritancy and corrosiveness to biologic tissues. Thus its potential health hazard is acute in nature.[Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 1732]
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Lithium hydride is a severe irritant of the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin due to the formation of lithium hydroxide on moist surfaces and its caustic action.[Zenz, C., O.B. Dickerson, E.P. Horvath. Occupational Medicine. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO., 1994, p. 605]
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Lithium hydride causes sneezing, coughing, and severe irritation of the nose and throat. Lithium hydride can cause severe eye and skin burns. If swallowed, the mouth, trachea, and esophagus may be burned. Inadvertent ingestion of lithium hydride may cause nausea, muscle twitches, mental confusion, blurring of vision, coma, and death.[Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.]
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In atmospheres containing 0.5 mg/cu m, the skin becomes inflamed and lacrimation occurs.[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I, II, III. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1991., p. 862]
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for LITHIUM HYDRIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.1.11 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits were exposed at 5 to 55 mg/cu m of the dust for from 4 to 7 hours or at 5 mg/cu m for a total of 20 hours over a period of 1 week. At these conc, lithium hydride proved to be an intensely irritating and corrosive material. Concentrations in excess of 10 mg/cu m eroded the body fur and skin on the legs of the animals and produced severe inflammation and ulceration of the eyes on occasion, as well as destruction of the external nasal septum. All concentrations studied, however, proved so irritating as to cause repeated and persistent coughing and sneezing in the animals that resulted in emphysematous changes in the lungs. The trachea showed superficial sloughing of the mucosal epithelium. No delayed effects or sequelae were observed during a postexposure period of up to 5 months. ... Toxic effects demonstrated in these experiments were due to the alkalinity of the hydrolysis product of lithium hydride and in no way characteristic of the lithium ion per se.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I, II, III. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1991., p. 862
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Cause irritation and inflammation in the eyes in rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs at concentration which were very irritating to the respiratory tract.
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 565
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a study on rats, guinea pigs and rabbits no histopathology attributable to lithium hydride was found in the lung, liver, kidney, trachea or lymph nodes 2-5 months after exposure to about 5 mg Li/cu m for 5 days (average exposure 4 hours/day).
Nordic Council of Ministers/Arbetslivsinstitutet/The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals; 131 Lithium and Lithium Compounds p. 18. NR 2002:16. Available from, as of February 9, 2007: https://ebib.arbetslivsinstitutet.se/ah/2002/ah2002_16.pdf

9.1.12 Populations at Special Risk

In persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of lithium hydride might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties. ... Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. ... Persons with pre-existing eye conditions may be at increased risk from exposure.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.

9.2 Ecological Information

9.2.1 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

Industrial exposures to lithium may occur during extraction of lithium from its ores, preparation of various lithium compounds, welding, brazing, enameling, and from the use of lithium hydrides. /Lithium/
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 2C: 2088
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1974) has statistically estimated that 11 workers are potentially exposed to lithium hydride in the US(1).
(1) NIOSH; International Safety Cards. Lithium hydride. 7580-67-8. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcs/nicstart.html as of Jan 12, 2007.

10 Associated Disorders and Diseases

Associated Occupational Diseases with Exposure to the Compound
Pneumonitis, toxic [Category: Acute Poisoning]

11 Literature

11.1 Consolidated References

11.2 Springer Nature References

11.3 Wiley References

11.4 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

11.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

11.6 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

12 Patents

12.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

12.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

12.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

12.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

12.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

13 Classification

13.1 ChEBI Ontology

13.2 CAMEO Chemicals

13.3 UN GHS Classification

13.4 EPA CPDat Classification

13.5 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

13.6 EPA DSSTox Classification

13.7 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

13.8 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

13.9 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

14 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
    LICENSE
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    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. CAS Common Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
  4. ChemIDplus
  5. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  6. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  7. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
    LICENSE
    Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
  8. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
    LICENSE
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    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  9. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  10. ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
  11. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
    LICENSE
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.
    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  12. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
  13. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    LICENSE
    Materials created by the federal government are generally part of the public domain and may be used, reproduced and distributed without permission. Therefore, content on this website which is in the public domain may be used without the prior permission of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Warning: Some content - including both images and text - may be the copyrighted property of others and used by the DOL under a license.
    https://www.dol.gov/general/aboutdol/copyright
  14. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    LICENSE
    The information provided using CDC Web site is only intended to be general summary information to the public. It is not intended to take the place of either the written law or regulations.
    https://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html
  15. Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
  16. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
    LICENSE
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    https://haz-map.com/About
  17. ChEBI
  18. Crystallography Open Database (COD)
    LICENSE
    All data in the COD and the database itself are dedicated to the public domain and licensed under the CC0 License. Users of the data should acknowledge the original authors of the structural data.
    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
  19. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
  20. NITE-CMC
    lithium hydride - FY2006 (New/original classication)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/06-imcg-0805e.html
    Lithium hydride - FY2016 (Revised classification)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/16-mhlw-0115e.html
  21. SpectraBase
  22. Springer Nature
  23. SpringerMaterials
  24. Wikidata
  25. Wikipedia
  26. Wiley
  27. PubChem
  28. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  29. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
    LICENSE
    Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  30. EPA Substance Registry Services
  31. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  32. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
  33. NCBI
CONTENTS