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Lanthanum

PubChem CID
23926
Structure
Lanthanum_small.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • LANTHANUM
  • 7439-91-0
  • LA
  • lantano
  • lanthane
Molecular Weight
138.9055 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Element Name
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-03-26
  • Modify:
    2025-01-11
Description
Lanthanum(2+) is a lanthanum molecular entity, a monoatomic dication and a divalent metal cation.
Lanthanum is a silvery white metallic element that belongs to period 6 of the lanthanoids family, with phosphate binding property. Lanthanum, when administered in a salt form, dissociates in acid to release lanthanum ions, which then bind dietary phosphate. This agent inhibits the absorption of phosphate by forming highly insoluble lanthanum-phosphate complexes that reduce concentrations of serum phosphate and calcium phosphate.
lanthanum is a mineral.
See also: Lanthanum hydride (LaH3) (annotation moved to) ... View More ...

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Lanthanum.png

1.2 Crystal Structures

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

lanthanum
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/La
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

[La]
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

La
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

7439-91-0
17643-88-8

2.3.2 Deprecated CAS

110123-48-3, 14762-71-1, 881842-02-0

2.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.4 UNII

2.3.5 ChEBI ID

2.3.6 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.7 HMDB ID

2.3.8 NCI Thesaurus Code

2.3.9 Nikkaji Number

2.3.10 Wikidata

2.3.11 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

Lanthanum

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
138.9055 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
138.906363 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
138.906363 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
0 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Other Solid
White, malleable metal that oxidizes in air; [Merck Index]
Liquid

3.3 SpringerMaterials Properties

3.4 Chemical Classes

Metals -> Rare Earth Metals

5 Chemical Vendors

6 Drug and Medication Information

6.1 FDA National Drug Code Directory

6.2 Drug Labels

Active ingredient and drug
Homeopathic product and label

6.3 Clinical Trials

6.3.1 ClinicalTrials.gov

6.3.2 NIPH Clinical Trials Search of Japan

7 Food Additives and Ingredients

7.1 Associated Foods

8 Minerals

9 Use and Manufacturing

9.1 Uses

EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Used as a calcium antagonist in biology research; Used in optical glass; [ChemIDplus] Natural isotopes are stable La-139 (99.9%) and radioactive La-138 (0.09%); Derived from the minerals monazite, bastnaesite, and cerite; [Merck Index] Used to make carbon lighting, alkali-resistant glass, optical glass, and nodular caste iron; [Reference #1] Used in special optical glasses (infra-red-absorbing glass, camera and telescope lenses) and in small amounts to improve malleability of steel; Also used as catalysts (cracking in petroleum refining and automotive catalytic converters), in nickel-metal-hydride rechargeable batteries, and in water treatment; Lanthanum carbonate is used as a drug to reduce serum phosphate levels in patients with kidney failure; [Nordberg, p. 903]
Merck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.
Nordberg - Nordberg GF, Fowler BA, Nordberg M (eds). Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, 4th Ed. Boston: Elsevier, 2015., p. 903
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure

Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]

Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]

Battery Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Mining [Category: Industry]

Sewer and Wastewater Treatment [Category: Industry]

Glass Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

9.1.1 Industry Uses

  • Alloys
  • Intermediates

9.1.2 Consumer Uses

Intermediates

9.2 U.S. Production

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: <1,000,000 lb

2018: <1,000,000 lb

2017: <1,000,000 lb

2016: <1,000,000 lb

9.3 General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
  • Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
  • Primary Metal Manufacturing
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Lanthanum: ACTIVE

10 Identification

10.1 NIOSH Analytical Methods

11 Safety and Hazards

11.1 Hazards Identification

11.1.1 GHS Classification

Note
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 61.3% (160 of 261) of all reports. Pictograms displayed are for 38.7% (101 of 261) of reports that indicate hazard statements.
Pictogram(s)
Flammable
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H228 (22.2%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

H260 (17.6%): In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P210, P223, P231+P232, P240, P241, P280, P302+P335+P334, P370+P378, P402+P404, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 261 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 160 of 261 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 4 notifications provided by 101 of 261 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

11.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Flam. Sol. 1 (22.2%)

Water-react. 1 (17.6%)

11.1.3 Hazards Summary

Low to moderate acute toxicity rating; [Reference #1] A printer and a movie projectionist exposed to rare earth metals in dusts of cored carbon arc lamps retained lanthanum in their lungs. Side effects (not dose dependent) of the drug lanthanum carbonate include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. No liver toxicity has been reported. [Nordberg, p. 906-7] See RARE EARTH METALS and linked occupational diseases.
Nordberg - Nordberg GF, Fowler BA, Nordberg M (eds). Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, 4th Ed. Boston: Elsevier, 2015., p. 906-7

11.2 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Lanthanum
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Lanthanum: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

12 Toxicity

12.1 Toxicological Information

12.1.1 EPA Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values

Chemical Substance
Reference Dose (RfD), Chronic
5 x 10^-5 mg/kg-day
Reference Dose (RfD), Subchronic
5 x 10^-5 mg/kg-day
PPRTV Assessment
Weight-Of-Evidence (WOE)
Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential
Last Revision
2018

12.1.2 RAIS Toxicity Values

Oral Chronic Reference Dose (RfDoc) (mg/kg-day)
5e-05
Oral Chronic Reference Dose Reference
PPRTV Current
Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose (RfDos) (mg/kg-day)
5e-05
Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose Reference
PPRTV Current

12.1.3 Adverse Effects

Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).

12.2 Ecological Information

12.2.1 US EPA Regional Screening Levels for Chemical Contaminants

1 of 2
Resident Soil (mg/kg)
5.10e+02
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
6.60e+03
Tapwater (ug/L)
1.00e+02
MCL (ug/L)
5.00e+01
Risk-based SSL (mg/kg)
4.60e+00
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
8.00e-03
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed Dermally from Soil
0.1
2 of 2
Resident Soil (mg/kg)
3.90e+00
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
5.80e+01
Tapwater (ug/L)
1.00e+00
MCL (ug/L)
5.00e+01
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
5e-05
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1

12.2.2 US EPA Regional Removal Management Levels for Chemical Contaminants

1 of 2
Resident Soil (mg/kg)
3.80e+01
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
4.90e+02
Tapwater (ug/L)
1.20e+01
MCL (ug/L)
5.00e+01
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
2.00e-04
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed Dermally from Soil
0.1
2 of 2
Resident Soil (mg/kg)
1.20e+01
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
1.80e+02
Tapwater (ug/L)
3.00e+00
MCL (ug/L)
5.00e+01
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
5e-05
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1

13 Literature

13.1 Consolidated References

13.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

13.3 Thieme References

13.4 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.6 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

14 Patents

14.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

14.2 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.3 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.4 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

15 Interactions and Pathways

15.1 Protein Bound 3D Structures

15.2 Chemical-Target Interactions

16 Classification

16.1 MeSH Tree

16.2 NCI Thesaurus Tree

16.3 ChEBI Ontology

16.4 ChemIDplus

16.5 UN GHS Classification

16.6 EPA CPDat Classification

16.7 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

16.8 EPA DSSTox Classification

16.9 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

16.10 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

16.11 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

17 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAS Common Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
  3. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  4. EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
    LICENSE
    The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce these documents, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. These documents may be freely distributed and used for non-commercial, scientific and educational purposes.
    https://www.epa.gov/web-policies-and-procedures/epa-disclaimers#copyright
  5. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  6. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  7. EPA Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs)
  8. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
    LICENSE
    Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
  9. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  10. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
    LICENSE
    HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications.
    http://www.hmdb.ca/citing
  11. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
    LICENSE
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.
    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  12. Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS)
    LICENSE
    This work has been sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Environmental Management, Oak Ridge Operations (ORO) Office through a joint collaboration between United Cleanup Oak Ridge LLC (UCOR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and The University of Tennessee, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The Institute for Environmental Modeling (TIEM). All rights reserved.
    https://rais.ornl.gov/
  13. ChEBI
  14. NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise indicated, all text within NCI products is free of copyright and may be reused without our permission. Credit the National Cancer Institute as the source.
    https://www.cancer.gov/policies/copyright-reuse
  15. RRUFF Project
  16. ClinicalTrials.gov
    LICENSE
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    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-site/terms-conditions#Use
  17. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
    LICENSE
    It is to be used only for research and educational purposes. Any reproduction or use for commercial purpose is prohibited without the prior express written permission of NC State University.
    http://ctdbase.org/about/legal.jsp
  18. Crystallography Open Database (COD)
    LICENSE
    All data in the COD and the database itself are dedicated to the public domain and licensed under the CC0 License. Users of the data should acknowledge the original authors of the structural data.
    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
  19. DailyMed
  20. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
  21. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
    LICENSE
    Copyright (c) 2022 Haz-Map(R). All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from Haz-Map are copyrighted by Haz-Map(R). No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
    https://haz-map.com/About
  22. EPA Regional Screening Levels for Chemical Contaminants at Superfund Sites
  23. FooDB
    LICENSE
    FooDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (FooDB) and the original publication.
    https://foodb.ca/about
  24. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  25. National Drug Code (NDC) Directory
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  26. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods
    LICENSE
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    https://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html
  27. NIPH Clinical Trials Search of Japan
  28. PubChem Elements
  29. SpringerMaterials
  30. Thieme Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The Thieme Chemistry contribution within PubChem is provided under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  31. Wikidata
  32. Wikipedia
  33. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
    LICENSE
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    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  34. PubChem
  35. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  36. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
    LICENSE
    Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  37. EPA Substance Registry Services
  38. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  39. NCBI
CONTENTS