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Triethylamine

PubChem CID
8471
Structure
Triethylamine_small.png
Triethylamine_3D_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • TRIETHYLAMINE
  • 121-44-8
  • N,N-Diethylethanamine
  • (Diethylamino)ethane
  • Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-
Molecular Weight
101.19 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-03-26
  • Modify:
    2025-01-18
Description
Triethylamine appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor. Flash point 20 °F. Vapors irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. Less dense (6.1 lb / gal) than water. Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.
Triethylamine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group.
Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to triethylamine vapor causes eye irritation, corneal swelling, and halo vision. People have complained of seeing "blue haze" or having "smoky vision." These effects have been reversible upon cessation of exposure. Acute exposure can irritate the skin and mucous membranes in humans. Chronic (long-term) exposure of workers to triethylamine vapor has been observed to cause reversible corneal edema. Chronic inhalation exposure has resulted in respiratory and hematological effects and eye lesions in rats and rabbits. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of triethylamine in humans. EPA has not classified triethylamine with respect to potential carcinogenicity.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Triethylamine.png

1.2 3D Conformer

1.3 Crystal Structures

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

N,N-diethylethanamine
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

CCN(CC)CC
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

C6H15N
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

C6H15N

(C2H5)3N

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

121-44-8

2.3.3 Deprecated CAS

1200828-44-9, 144514-14-7, 1633017-83-0, 168277-99-4, 172227-74-6, 2011746-49-7, 449752-61-8, 750564-56-8
1200828-44-9, 144514-14-7, 168277-99-4, 172227-74-6, 750564-56-8

2.3.4 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.5 UNII

2.3.6 UN Number

2.3.7 ChEBI ID

2.3.8 ChEMBL ID

2.3.9 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.10 FEMA Number

2.3.11 HMDB ID

2.3.12 ICSC Number

2.3.13 JECFA Number

1611

2.3.14 KEGG ID

2.3.15 Metabolomics Workbench ID

2.3.16 Nikkaji Number

2.3.17 RTECS Number

2.3.18 RXCUI

2.3.19 Wikidata

2.3.20 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • triethylamine
  • triethylamine acetate
  • triethylamine dinitrate
  • triethylamine hydrobromide
  • triethylamine hydrochloride
  • triethylamine maleate (1:1)
  • triethylamine phosphate
  • triethylamine phosphate (1:1)
  • triethylamine phosphonate (1:1)
  • triethylamine sulfate
  • triethylamine sulfate (2:1)
  • triethylamine sulfite (1:1)
  • triethylamine sulfite (2:1)
  • triethylammonium formate

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
101.19 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
XLogP3
Property Value
1.4
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
3
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
101.120449483 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
101.120449483 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
3.2 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
7
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
25.7
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Triethylamine appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor. Flash point 20 °F. Vapors irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. Less dense (6.1 lb / gal) than water. Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.
Liquid
Colorless liquid with a strong, ammonia-like odor; [NIOSH]
COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.
Colourless to yellowish liquid; Fishy aroma
Colorless liquid with a strong, ammonia-like odor.

3.2.2 Color / Form

Colorless liquid
Larranaga, M.D., Lewis, R.J. Sr., Lewis, R.A.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ 2016., p. 1370

3.2.3 Odor

Strong, ammoniacal ordor
Larranaga, M.D., Lewis, R.J. Sr., Lewis, R.A.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ 2016., p. 1370
Fishy
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

3.2.4 Boiling Point

192.7 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
88.8 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-526
88.80 to 89.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
The Good Scents Company Information System
89 °C
193 °F

3.2.5 Melting Point

-174.5 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
-114.7 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-526
-115 °C
-175 °F

3.2.6 Flash Point

20 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
-7 °C
-15 °C (5 °F) - closed cup
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
16 °F (-7 °F) (open cup)
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-110
-17 °C c.c.
20 °F

3.2.7 Solubility

Soluble (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
In water, 6.86X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C
Yalkowsky, S.H., He, Yan, Jain, P. Handbook of Aqueous Solubility Data Second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2010, p. 334
Miscible with water below 18.7 °C
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1791
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-526
Soluble in fixed oils, mineral oil, oleic and stearic acids and in hot carnauba and paraffin waxes.
Flick, E.W. (ed.). Industrial Solvents Handbook 4 th ed. Noyes Data Corporation., Park Ridge, NJ., 1991., p. 714
For more Solubility (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
68.6 mg/mL at 25 °C
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 17 (good)
Soluble in water
Soluble (in ethanol)
2%

3.2.8 Density

0.729 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
0.7275 g/cu cm at 20 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-526
Bulk density: 6.1 lb/gal
Larranaga, M.D., Lewis, R.J. Sr., Lewis, R.A.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ 2016., p. 1370
Saturated liquid density: 45.420 lb/cu ft; liquid heat capacity: 0.556 Btu/lb °F; saturated vapor pressure: 1.084 lb/sq in; saturated vapor density: 0.01930 lb/cu ft (all at 70 °F)
NOAA; CAMEO Chemicals. Database of Hazardous Materials. Triethylamine (121-44-8). Natl Ocean Atmos Admin, Off Resp Rest; NOAA Ocean Serv. Available from, as of June 30, 2016: https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/
Relative density (water = 1): 0.7
0.724-0.730
0.73

3.2.9 Vapor Density

3.48 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
3.49 (Air = 1)
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 1090
Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.5
3.48

3.2.10 Vapor Pressure

53.5 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
57.07 [mmHg]
57.07 mm Hg at 25 °C
Riddick, J.A., W.B. Bunger, Sakano T.K. Techniques of Chemistry 4th ed., Volume II. Organic Solvents. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons., 1985., p. 638
Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 7.2
54 mmHg

3.2.11 LogP

log Kow = 1.45
Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., 1995., p. 25
1.45

3.2.12 Henry's Law Constant

Henry's Law constant = 1.49X10-4 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C
Christie AO, Crisp DJ; J Appl Chem 17: 11-4 (1967)

3.2.13 Stability / Shelf Life

Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Heat /contributes to instability/.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 2

3.2.14 Autoignition Temperature

842 °F (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
480 °F (249 °C)
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-110
230 °C

3.2.15 Decomposition

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx).
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
When heated to decomp it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3545
Products of decomposition include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons ... as well as amine vapors.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-150

3.2.16 Viscosity

0.347 mPa.s at 25 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 6-234

3.2.17 Corrosivity

Liquid triethylamine will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 2

3.2.18 Heat of Combustion

10,248 cal/g
Flick, E.W. (ed.). Industrial Solvents Handbook 4 th ed. Noyes Data Corporation., Park Ridge, NJ., 1991., p. 714

3.2.19 Heat of Vaporization

34.84 kJ/mol at 25 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 6-144

3.2.20 Surface Tension

20.22 N/m at 25 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 6-184

3.2.21 Ionization Potential

7.50 eV

3.2.22 Ionization Efficiency

Ionization mode
Positive
logIE
3.8
pH
2.7
Instrument
Agilent XCT
Ion source
Electrospray ionization
Additive
formic acid (5.3nM)
Organic modifier
MeCN (80%)
Reference

3.2.23 Odor Threshold

Odor Threshold Low: 0.1 [mmHg]

Odor Threshold High: 0.65 [mmHg]

Detection odor threshold from AIHA (mean = 0.25 ppm)

Odor detection in air= 9.00X10-2 ppm (purity not specified)
Fazzalari, F.A. (ed.). Compilation of Odor and Taste Threshold Values Data. ASTM Data Series DS 48A (Committee E-18). Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1978., p. 160
Odor recognition in air= 2.80X10-1 ppm (purity not specified)
Fazzalari, F.A. (ed.). Compilation of Odor and Taste Threshold Values Data. ASTM Data Series DS 48A (Committee E-18). Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1978., p. 160
Odor low: 0.36 mg/cu m; Odor high: 1.12 mg/cu m
Ruth JH; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 47: A-142-51 (1986)

3.2.24 Refractive Index

Index of refraction: 1.4003 at 20 °C/D
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1791
1.395-1.401

3.2.25 Dissociation Constants

Basic pKa
10.9
Comparison of the accuracy of experimental and predicted pKa values of basic and acidic compounds. Pharm Res. 2014; 31(4):1082-95. DOI:10.1007/s11095-013-1232-z. PMID:24249037
pKb = 3.25
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 1089
pKa = 10.78 at 25 °C
Riddick, J.A., W.B. Bunger, Sakano T.K. Techniques of Chemistry 4th ed., Volume II. Organic Solvents. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons., 1985., p. 638

3.2.26 Relative Evaporation Rate

5.6 (Butyl acetate = 1)
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 2

3.2.27 Kovats Retention Index

Standard non-polar
682 , 724 , 726 , 727 , 677 , 677.6 , 684 , 677 , 684
Semi-standard non-polar
711 , 673.6 , 673.6 , 676 , 672 , 676 , 727 , 679 , 680 , 680 , 695 , 696 , 677
Standard polar
812.4 , 763 , 770 , 774 , 775 , 775 , 780 , 802.3 , 727

3.2.28 Other Experimental Properties

Conversion Units: 1 mg/l= 242 ppm; 1 ppm= 4.14 mg/cu m
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 1090
Critical volume: 392 cu cm/mol
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 6-74
Critical solution temperature in water: 18 °C
Flick, E.W. (ed.). Industrial Solvents Handbook 4 th ed. Noyes Data Corporation., Park Ridge, NJ., 1991., p. 714
Heat of solution in water: 10,040 cal/mol of solute at infinite dilution
Flick, E.W. (ed.). Industrial Solvents Handbook 4 th ed. Noyes Data Corporation., Park Ridge, NJ., 1991., p. 714
For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.3 SpringerMaterials Properties

3.4 Chemical Classes

Nitrogen Compounds -> Amines, Aliphatic

3.4.1 Food Additives

FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food

3.4.2 PFAS

PFAS -> Other/unspecified
S89 | PRORISKPFAS | List of PFAS Compiled from NORMAN SusDat | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5769582

4 Spectral Information

4.1 1D NMR Spectra

1 of 2
1D NMR Spectra
1H NMR: 29 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
2 of 2
1D NMR Spectra

4.1.1 1H NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
BRUKER AC-300
Source of Sample
Pennwalt Chemicals Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Copyright
Copyright © 1991-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Varian A-60
Source of Sample
Pennwalt Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Copyright
Copyright © 2009-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.1.2 13C NMR Spectra

1 of 3
View All
13C NMR Spectra
13C NMR: 29 (Stothers, Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy, Academic Press, New York)
2 of 3
View All
Source of Sample
MCB Manufacturing Chemists, Norwood, Ohio
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.1.3 15N NMR Spectra

Instrument Name
Bruker WH-180
Copyright
Copyright © 2002-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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4.2 Mass Spectrometry

4.2.1 GC-MS

1 of 10
View All
Spectra ID
Instrument Type
EI-B
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

86.0 99.99

30.0 34.44

58.0 25.39

29.0 19.41

101.0 19.15

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Notes
instrument=HITACHI M-80A
2 of 10
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MoNA ID
MS Category
Experimental
MS Type
GC-MS
MS Level
MS1
Instrument
HITACHI M-80A
Instrument Type
EI-B
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

86 99.99

30 34.44

58 25.39

29 19.41

101 19.15

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License
CC BY-NC-SA

4.2.2 Other MS

1 of 2
Other MS
MASS: 60716 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral database, 1990 version); 264 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
Other MS
MASS: 264 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
2 of 2
Authors
GUNMA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
Instrument
HITACHI M-80A
Instrument Type
EI-B
MS Level
MS
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Ionization
ENERGY 70 eV
Top 5 Peaks

86 999

30 344

58 254

29 194

101 192

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License
CC BY-NC-SA

4.3 UV Spectra

Max Absorption (Heptane /as solvent/): 196 nm (Log E= 3.70)
Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C-110
UV: 3-85 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2584

4.4 IR Spectra

IR Spectra
IR: 4831 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)

4.4.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
CELL: 0.015 mm
Source of Sample
Virginia Chemicals, Inc.
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker Tensor 27 FT-IR
Technique
Neat
Source of Spectrum
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Source of Sample
TCI Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd.
Catalog Number
T0424
Lot Number
LN7RJ-SE
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.4.2 ATR-IR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
ATR-Neat
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker Tensor 27 FT-IR
Technique
ATR-Neat (DuraSamplIR II)
Source of Spectrum
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Source of Sample
TCI Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd.
Catalog Number
T0424
Lot Number
LN7RJ-SE
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.4.3 Near IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
BRUKER IFS 88
Technique
NIR Spectrometer= INSTRUMENT PARAMETERS=INST=BRUKER,RSN=10262,REO=2,CNM=HEI,ZFF=2
Source of Spectrum
Prof. Buback, University of Goettingen, Germany
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
BRUKER IFS 88
Technique
NIR Spectrometer= INSTRUMENT PARAMETERS=INST=BRUKER,RSN=10262,REO=2,CNM=HEI,ZFF=2
Source of Spectrum
Prof. Buback, University of Goettingen, Germany
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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4.4.4 Vapor Phase IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
DIGILAB FTS-14
Technique
Vapor Phase
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker IFS 85
Technique
Gas-GC
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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4.5 Raman Spectra

1 of 3
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Raman Spectra
Raman: 21(Dollish et al; Characteristic Raman Frequencies of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
2 of 3
View All
Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS 175C with Raman accessory
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Sample
Virginia Chemicals, Inc.
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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6 Chemical Vendors

7 Food Additives and Ingredients

7.1 Food Additive Classes

Flavoring Agents
JECFA Functional Classes
Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT;

7.2 FDA Substances Added to Food

Used for (Technical Effect)
FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT
Document Number (21 eCFR)
FEMA Number
4246
GRAS Number
22
JECFA Flavor Number
1611

7.3 Evaluations of the Joint FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives - JECFA

Chemical Name
TRIETHYLAMINE
Evaluation Year
2008
ADI
No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent

8 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

8.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

The pharmacokinetics of the industrially important compound triethylamine (TEA) and its metabolite triethylamine-N-oxide (TEAO) were studied in four volunteers after oral and intravenous administration. TEA was efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, rapidly distributed, and in part metabolized into TEAO. There was no significant first pass metabolism. TEAO was also well absorbed from the GI tract. Within the GI tract, TEAO was reduced into TEA (19%) and dealkylated into diethylamine (DEA; 10%). The apparent volumes of distribution during the elimination phase were 192 liters for TEA and 103 liters for TEAO. Gastric intubation showed that there was a close association between levels of TEA in plasma and gastric juice, the latter levels being 30 times higher. The TEA and TEAO in plasma had half-lives of about 3 and 4 hr, respectively. Exhalation of TEA was minimal. More than 90% of the dose was recovered in the urine as TEA and TEAO. The urinary clearances of TEA and TEAO indicated that in addition to glomerular filtration, tubular secretion takes place. For TEAO at high levels, the secretion appears to be saturable. The present data, in combination with those of earlier studies, indicate that the sum of TEA and TEAO in urine may be used for biological monitoring of exposure to TEA.
Akesson B et al; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 100 (3): 529-38 (1989)
The objectives of the study were to assess triethylamine (TEA) exposure in cold-box core making and to study the applicability of urinary TEA measurement in exposure evaluation. Air samples were collected by pumping of air through activated-charcoal-filled glass tubes, and pre- and postshift urine samples were collected. The TEA concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. TEA was measured in air and urine samples from the same shift. Breathing-zone measurements of 19 workers in 3 foundries were included in the study, and stationary and continuous air measurements were also made in the same foundries. Pre- and postshift urine samples were analyzed for their TEA and triethylamine-N-oxide (TEAO) concentrations. The TEA concentration range was 0.3-23 mg/cu m in the breathing zone of the core makers. The mean 8-hr time-weighted average exposure levels were 1.3, 4.0, and 13 mg/cu m for the three foundries. Most of the preshift urinary TEA concentrations were under the detection limit, whereas the postshift urinary TEA concentrations ranged between 5.6 and 171 mmol/mol creatinine. The TEAO concentrations were 4-34% (mean 19%) of the summed TEA + TEAO concentrations. The correlation between air and urine measurements was high (r=0.96, p<0.001). A TEA air concentration of 4.1 mg/cu m (the current ACGIH 8-hr time-weighted average threshold limit value) corresponded to a urinary concentration of 36 mmol/mol creatinine.
Jarvinen P, Engstrom K; Int Arch Occup Environ Health 70(6): 424-7 (1997)
In 20 workers studied before, during, and after exposure to triethylamine (TEA) in a polyurethane-foam producing plant the amount of TEA and its metabolite triethylamine-N-oxide (TEAO) excreted in urine corresponded to an average of 80% of the inhaled amount. An average of 27% was TEAO, but with a pronounced interindividual variation. Older subjects excreted more than younger ones; less than 0.3% was excreted as diethylamine.
Akesson B et al; Am J Ind Med; 16 (3): 255-65 (1989)

8.2 Metabolism / Metabolites

There have been few studies on the metabolism of industrially important aliphatic amines such as triethylamine. It is generally assumed that amines not normally present in the body are metabolized by monoamine oxidase and diamine oxidase (histaminase). Monoamine oxidase catalyzes the deamination of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. ... Ultimately ammonia is formed and will be converted to urea. The hydrogen peroxide formed is acted upon by catalase and the aldehyde formed is thought to be converted to the corresponding carboxylic acid by the action of aldehyde oxidase.
Snyder, R. (ed.). Ethel Browning's Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. 2nd ed. Volume II: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Solvents. Amsterdam-New York-Oxford: Elsevier, 1990., p. 131
Five healthy volunteers were exposed by inhalation to triethylamine (TEA; four or eight hours at about 10, 20, 35, and 50 mg/cu m), a compound widely used as a curing agent in polyurethane systems. Analysis of plasma and urine showed that an average of 24% of the TEA was biotransformed into triethylamine-N-oxide (TEAO) but with a wide interindividual variation (15-36%). The TEA and TEAO were quantitatively eliminated in the urine. The plasma and urinary concentrations of TEA and TEAO decreased rapidly after the end of exposure (average half time of TEA was 3.2 hr).
Akesson B et al; Br J Ind Med 45 (4): 262-8 (1988)
In 20 workers studied before, during, and after exposure to triethylamine (TEA) in a polyurethane-foam producing plant the amount of TEA and its metabolite triethylamine-N-oxide (TEAO) excreted in urine corresponded to an average of 80% of the inhaled amount. An average of 27% was TEAO, but with a pronounced interindividual variation. Older subjects excreted more than younger ones; less than 0.3% was excreted as diethylamine.
Akesson B et al; Am J Ind Med; 16 (3): 255-65 (1989)

8.3 Biological Half-Life

After oral dose of triethylamine to four men, triethylamine in plasma had a half-life of about 3 hr (range, 2.4-3.5 hr).
Akesson B et al; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 100 (3): 529-38 (1989)
Plasma half-life after inhalation exposure to five volunteers was 3.2 hr.
Akesson B et al; Br J Ind Med 45 (4): 262-8 (1988)
In 20 workers studied before, during, and after exposure to triethylamine (TEA) in a polyurethane-foam producing plant the amount of TEA and its metabolite triethylamine-N-oxide (TEAO) excreted in urine corresponded to an average of 80% of the inhaled amount. ... The data indicate half-lives for TEA and TEAO excretion in urine of about 3 hr.
Akesson B et al; Am J Ind Med; 16 (3): 255-65 (1989)

8.4 Human Metabolite Information

8.4.1 Cellular Locations

  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular

9 Use and Manufacturing

9.1 Uses

Triethylamine is used as a catalytic solvent in chemical syntheses; as an accelerator activator for rubber; as a corrosion inhibitor; as a curing and hardening agent for polymers; as a propellant; in the manufacture of wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium compounds; and for the desalination of seawater.
EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Used as a catalyst for polyurethane foams, an accelerator for rubber, and a curing agent for amino and epoxy resins; (HSDB) Used as an accelerator in photography development; [ILO Encyclo: Amines, Aliphatic] Used to make quaternary ammonium compounds and as a catalyst to make sand-based cores and molds; [ACGIH]
ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure

Molding and Core Making [Category: Foundry]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Photographic Processing [Category: Other]

CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATE; ANTI-LIVERING AGENT FOR UREA & MELAMINE BASED ENAMELS; RECOVERY OF GELLED PAINT VEHICLES; CATALYST FOR POLYURETHANE FOAMS; FLUX FOR COPPER SOLDERING
SRI
Catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis; accelerator activators for rubber; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium types; curing and hardening of polymers (e.g., core-binding resins); corrosion inhibitor; propellant.
Larranaga, M.D., Lewis, R.J. Sr., Lewis, R.A.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ 2016., p. 1370
Catalyst for epoxy resins
Hamilton, A., and H. L. Hardy. Industrial Toxicology. 3rd ed. Acton, Mass.: Publishing Sciences Group, Inc., 1974., p. 332
Manufacture of ... dyestuffs
Flick, E.W. (ed.). Industrial Solvents Handbook 4 th ed. Noyes Data Corporation., Park Ridge, NJ., 1991., p. 714
For more Uses (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.1.1 Use Classification

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)
Food additives -> Flavoring Agents
Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes
Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index
Hazard Classes and Categories -> Flammable - 3rd degree

9.1.2 Industry Uses

  • Finishing agents
  • pH regulating agent
  • Cleaning agent
  • Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
  • Pigment
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Intermediate
  • Dispersing agent
  • Intermediates

9.1.3 Consumer Uses

  • Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
  • Surface active agents
  • Intermediate
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

9.1.4 Household Products

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products

Information on 11 consumer products that contain Triethylamine in the following categories is provided:

• Home Maintenance

• Inside the Home

• Pesticides

9.2 Methods of Manufacturing

Prep by reaction of N,N-diethylacetamide with lithium aluminum hydride ... Manufactured by vapor phase alkylation of ammonia with ethanol ... .
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1791
Derivation: From ethyl chloride and ammonia with heat and pressure.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1271
... Triethylamine can be produced from acetaldehyde, ammonia, and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.
Eckert M et al; Acetaldehyde. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (1999-2016). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: December 15, 2006

9.3 Impurities

ACS Standards: Ammonia: not more than 0.2% by wt of soln; formaldehyde: not more than 0.3% by wt of soln
Flick, E.W. Industrial Solvents Handbook. 3rd ed. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publications, 1985., p. 521

9.4 Formulations / Preparations

Purity: 98.5% min
Flick, E.W. (ed.). Industrial Solvents Handbook 4 th ed. Noyes Data Corporation., Park Ridge, NJ., 1991., p. 714

9.5 U.S. Production

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: 20,000,000 lb - <100,000,000 lb

2018: 20,000,000 lb - <100,000,000 lb

2017: 20,000,000 lb - <100,000,000 lb

2016: 20,000,000 lb - <100,000,000 lb

(1972) 2.02X10+10 G (MONO & TRIETHYLAMINE)
SRI
(1975) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 9.08X10+5 G
SRI
(1981) 16,084X10+3 lb
United States International Trade Commission. Synthetic Organic Chemicals-- United States Production and Sales, 1981. USITC Publications 1291 Washington, DC: United States International Trade Commission, 1981., p. 241
(1984) 19,359X10+3 lb
USITC. SYN ORG CHEM-U.S. PROD/SALES 1985 p.254
For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.6 General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
  • Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing
  • Printing Ink Manufacturing
  • Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
  • All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
  • Miscellaneous Manufacturing
  • Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
  • All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
  • Paint and Coating Manufacturing
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-: ACTIVE

10 Identification

10.1 Analytic Laboratory Methods

EAD Method 1666. Volatile Organic Compounds Specific to the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry by Isotope Dilution GC/MS. Minimum level= 200 mg/L.
USEPA; EMMI. EPA's Environmental Monitoring Methods Index. Version 1.1. PC# 4082. Rockville, MD: Government Institutes (1997)
EAD Method 1671. Volatile Organic Compounds Specific to the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry by GC/FID. Minimum level= 50 mg/L.
USEPA; EMMI. EPA's Environmental Monitoring Methods Index. Version 1.1. PC# 4082. Rockville, MD: Government Institutes (1997)
Determination of triethylamine and 2-dimethylaminoethanol by isotachophoresis in air samples from polyurethane foam production was studied.
Hansen L et al; Anal Prep Isotachophoresis, Proc Int Symp Isotachophoresis, 3rd: 81-7 (1984)
Organic bases such as primary, secondary and tertiary amines were determined in pharmaceuticals by a colorimetric method based on the formation of colored ion pairs with cobalt thiocyanate.
Lemli J, Knockaert I; Pharm Week Sci Ed 5 (4): 142-4 (1983)
For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11 Safety and Hazards

11.1 Hazards Identification

11.1.1 GHS Classification

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Note
Pictograms displayed are for > 99.9% (5678 of 5680) of reports that indicate hazard statements. This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 5680) of reports.
Pictogram(s)
Flammable
Corrosive
Acute Toxic
Irritant
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302 (99.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (47.1%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (52.8%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (> 99.9%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (44.1%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (46.1%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (52.9%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (47.6%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 5680 reports by companies from 74 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 5680 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 73 notifications provided by 5678 of 5680 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

11.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Flam. Liq. 2 (> 99.9%)

Acute Tox. 4 (99.7%)

Acute Tox. 3 (47.1%)

Acute Tox. 4 (52.8%)

Skin Corr. 1A (> 99.9%)

Eye Dam. 1 (44.1%)

Acute Tox. 3 (46.1%)

Acute Tox. 4 (52.9%)

STOT SE 3 (47.6%)

Flammable liquid - category 2

Acute toxicity - category 4

Acute toxicity - category 3

Acute toxicity - category 3

Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) - category 3

Skin corrosion - category 1A

11.1.3 NFPA Hazard Classification

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NFPA 704 Diamond
3-3-0
NFPA Health Rating
3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.
NFPA Fire Rating
3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.
NFPA Instability Rating
0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

11.1.4 Health Hazards

Vapors irritate nose, throat, and lungs, causing coughing, choking, and difficult breathing. Contact with eyes causes severe burns. Clothing wet with chemical causes skin burns. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 132 (Triethylamine)

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested.

· Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.

· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.

· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

11.1.5 Fire Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids will float on water. (ERG, 2024)

ERG 2024, Guide 132 (Triethylamine)

· Flammable/combustible material.

· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

· Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.

· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.

· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.

· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.

· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.

· Containers may explode when heated.

· Many liquids will float on water.

Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.

11.1.6 Hazards Summary

Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to triethylamine vapor causes eye irritation, corneal swelling, and halo vision. People have complained of seeing "blue haze" or having "smoky vision." These effects have been reversible upon cessation of exposure. Acute exposure can irritate the skin and mucous membranes in humans. Chronic (long-term) exposure of workers to triethylamine vapor has been observed to cause reversible corneal edema. Chronic inhalation exposure has resulted in respiratory and hematological effects and eye lesions in rats and rabbits. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of triethylamine in humans. EPA has not classified triethylamine with respect to potential carcinogenicity.
TLV Basis is visual impairment and upper respiratory tract irritation; Transient visual disturbances with blurring and halo vision are reported to occur at 3 to 4 ppm but not at 1 to 1.25 ppm. Mice that inhaled lethal concentrations had respiratory irritation, tremors, and convulsions. [ACGIH] Liquid causes first degree burns on short exposure; [CHRIS] Corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] Short-term exposure at high concentrations may cause pulmonary edema. [ICSC] May cause permanent eye injury; Transient visual effects (blue haze or halo vision) occur at low concentrations; [CHEMINFO] Experimental animals exposed repeatedly to 100 ppm show evidence of liver, kidney, lung, and heart damage. [HSDB] A corrosive substance that can cause pulmonary edema; [ICSC]
ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.
Quick CPC - Forsberg K, Mansdorf SZ. Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing, 5th Ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2007.

11.1.7 Fire Potential

A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3545
Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fires ... .
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 2

11.1.8 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-150
/Triethylamine/ is strongly alkaline, and when drop is applied to rabbit's eye, causes severe injury, graded 9 on scale of 1 to 10 after 24 hr /most severe injuries have been rated 10/. Tests of aqueaous solution on rabbit eyes at pH 10 and pH 11 indicate injuriousness /of triethylamine/ is related principally to degree of alkalinity.
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 944
A 70% solution applied on the skin of guinea pigs caused prompt skin burns leading to necrosis; when held in contact with guinea pig skin for 2 hr, there was severe skin irritation with extensive necrosis and deep scarring.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V4 715

11.1.9 EPA Hazardous Waste Number

U404; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate.
D001; A waste containing triethylamine may (or may not) be characterized a hazardous waste following testing for ignitability characteristics as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.

11.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

11.2.1 Flammable Limits

Lower flammable limit: 1.2% by volume; upper flammable limit: 8.0% by volume
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-110
Flammability
Class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73 °F and BP at or above 100 °F.

11.2.2 Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

1.2 % (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1.2%

11.2.3 Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

8 % (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
8%
8.0%

11.2.4 Critical Temperature & Pressure

Critical temperature: 535.6 K; Critical pressure: 3.1 MPa
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 6-74

11.2.5 Physical Dangers

The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.

11.2.6 Explosive Limits and Potential

IN AIR: 1.2 TO 8.0%.
Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987., p. 1180
Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.2-8

11.2.7 OSHA Standards

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 25 ppm (100 mg/cu m).
29 CFR 1910.1000 (USDOL); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of June 27, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov
Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/cu m); STEL 15 ppm (60 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 373

11.2.8 NIOSH Recommendations

NIOSH questioned whether the PEL proposed by OSHA for triethylamine was adequate to protect workers from recognized health hazards: TWA 10 ppm; STEL 15 ppm.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

11.3 First Aid Measures

Inhalation First Aid
Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.
Skin First Aid
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .
Eye First Aid
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Ingestion First Aid
Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

11.3.1 First Aid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
ERG 2024, Guide 132 (Triethylamine)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingestedor inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuouscompressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(See general first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

11.4 Fire Fighting

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Do not get water inside containers.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

11.4.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Use water spray to cool unopened containers.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-150
For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.4.2 Firefighting Hazards

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-150

11.5 Accidental Release Measures

Public Safety: ERG 2024, Guide 132 (Triethylamine)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

Spill or Leak: ERG 2024, Guide 132 (Triethylamine)

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.

· For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

11.5.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuation: ERG 2024, Guide 132 (Triethylamine)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

Spill

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

Fire

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

11.5.2 Spillage Disposal

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

11.5.3 Cleanup Methods

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 4
Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill. Neutralize with sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4).
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 909
Environmental considerations-water spill: Add sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 909
Environmental considerations-air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 909

11.5.4 Disposal Methods

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U404 and D001, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of April 2, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov
SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.
Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Deodorization by catalytic combustion of triethylamine was studied.
Suetaka T, Munemori M; Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 4: 650-5 (1984)
/Absorb small spills with paper and/ burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected & atomized in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 3

11.5.5 Preventive Measures

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.6 Handling and Storage

11.6.1 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material. For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads). Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

11.6.2 Safe Storage

Fireproof. Separated from incompatible materials and food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers.

11.6.3 Storage Conditions

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Storage class (TRGS 510): Flammable liquids.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Avoid oxidizing materials, acids, and sources of halogens. Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-150

11.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

Protective Clothing: ERG 2024, Guide 132 (Triethylamine)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

RD50 (Exposure concentration producing a 50% respiratory rate decrease)
184.0 [mmHg]
Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAK)
1.0 [ppm]

11.7.2 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

25.0 [ppm]
PEL-TWA (8-Hour Time Weighted Average)
25 ppm (100 mg/m³)
TWA 25 ppm (100 mg/m3) See Appendix G

11.7.3 Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)

200 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

200.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the UCC [1970] report that a 4­hour exposure to 1,000 ppm killed 1 of 6 rats. . . . Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.

200 ppm
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

200 ppm

See: 121448

11.7.4 Threshold Limit Values (TLV)

0.5 [ppm]
TLV-STEL
1.0 [ppm]
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 1 ppm, skin
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 59
A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 59
0.5 ppm as TWA; 1 ppm as STEL; (skin); A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).
TLV-TWA (Time Weighted Average)
0.5 ppm [2014]
TLV-STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit)
1 ppm [2014]

11.7.5 Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)

EU-OEL
8.4 mg/m
MAK (Maximale Arbeitsplatz Konzentration)
4.2 mg/m

11.7.6 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines

Emergency Response: ERG 2024, Guide 132 (Triethylamine)

· Some of these materials may react violently with water.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

11.7.7 Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines

Max allowable concn (USSR) 1 mg/cu m
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 140

11.7.8 Inhalation Risk

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

11.7.9 Effects of Short Term Exposure

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

11.7.10 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Triethylamine:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point 1%) - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. (>1%)

• QUICK DRENCH (>1%) - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (>1%) (NIOSH, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Skin protection: Handle with gloves.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(See personal protection and sanitation codes)

Skin: Prevent skin contact - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: Prevent eye contact - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: When contaminated

Remove: When wet (flammable)

Change: No recommendation

Provide: Eyewash (>1%), Quick drench (>1%)

11.7.11 Respirator Recommendations

OSHA

Up to 200 ppm:

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode

(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece

(APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece

Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions:

(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus

Escape:

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern

Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus

Important additional information about respirator selection

11.7.12 Preventions

Fire Prevention
NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.
Exposure Prevention
AVOID ALL CONTACT!
Inhalation Prevention
Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.
Skin Prevention
Protective gloves. Protective clothing.
Eye Prevention
Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
Ingestion Prevention
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

11.8 Stability and Reactivity

11.8.1 Air and Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

11.8.2 Reactive Group

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

11.8.3 Reactivity Alerts

Highly Flammable
11.8.3.1 CSL Reaction Information
CSL No
Reactants/Reagents
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE + TRIETHYLAMINE
Warning Message
Potentially explosive
GHS Category
Explosive
Reference Source
User-Reported
Modified Date
7/8/18
Create Date
8/8/17

11.8.4 Reactivity Profile

TRIETHYLAMINE reacts violently with oxidizing agents. Reacts with Al and Zn. Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

11.8.5 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triethylamine. Product Number: T0886 Version 4.13 (Revision Date 05/24/2016). Available from, as of July 1, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Toxic gases and vapors (such as oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide) may be released in fire involving triethylamine.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 2
Contact with strong acids may cause violent spattering.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 2
The complex, containing excess /dinitrogen tetraoxide/ over ... /triethylamine/, exploded at below 0 °C when free of solvent.
Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 1355
Incompatible with N2O4.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3545

11.9 Transport Information

11.9.1 DOT Emergency Guidelines

/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.9.2 DOT ID and Guide

11.9.3 Shipping Name / Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO

UN 1296; Triethylamine
IMO 3; Triethylamine

11.9.4 Standard Transportation Number

49 078 77; Triethylamine

11.9.5 Shipment Methods and Regulations

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2 (USDOT); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of June 28, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Triethylamine is included on the dangerous goods list.
International Air Transport Association. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 57th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2016., p. 329
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Triethylamine is included on the dangerous goods list.
International Maritime Organization. IMDG Code. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code Volume 2 2014, p. 57

11.9.6 DOT Label

Flammable Liquid Corrosive

11.9.7 Packaging and Labelling

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

11.9.8 EC Classification

Symbol: F, C; R: 11-20/21/22-35; S: (1/2)-3-16-26-29-36/37/39-45

11.9.9 UN Classification

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: II

11.10 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-
California Safe Cosmetics Program (CSCP) Reportable Ingredient

Hazard Traits - Neurotoxicity; Ocular Toxicity; Respiratory Toxicity

Authoritative List - CA TACs; OEHHA RELs

Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredient

REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-: HSNO Approval: HSR001228 Approved with controls

11.10.1 Atmospheric Standards

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Triethylamine is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.
40 CFR 60.489 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of June 27, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov
Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Triethylamine is included on this list.
Clean Air Act as amended in 1990, Sect. 112 (b) (1) Public Law 101-549 Nov. 15, 1990

11.10.2 Clean Water Act Requirements

Triethylamine is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.
40 CFR 116.4 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of June 27, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov

11.10.3 CERCLA Reportable Quantities

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
40 CFR 302.4 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of June 27, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov

11.10.4 TSCA Requirements

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl- is included on this list. Effective date: 1/13/84; Sunset date: 1/13/94.
40 CFR 716.120 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of June 27, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov

11.10.5 RCRA Requirements

U404; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when triethylamine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).
40 CFR 261.33 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of June 27, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov
D001; A solid waste containing triethylamine may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for ignitability as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.21, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.
40 CFR 261.21 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of June 27, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov

11.11 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - Short chain (C2-3) alkyl amines: Human health tier II assessment

IMAP assessments - Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-: Environment tier I assessment

11.11.1 Toxic Combustion Products

Toxic gases and vapors (such as oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide) may be released in fire involving triethylamine.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 2

12 Toxicity

12.1 Toxicological Information

12.1.1 Toxicity Summary

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Triethylamine (TEA) is a colorless liquid. It is used as catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis; accelerator activators for rubber; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium types; curing and hardening of polymers; corrosion inhibitor; propellant. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Aside from irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, triethylamine also stimulates the central nervous system, because it inhibits monamine oxidase. Experimental studies were conducted in four healthy men on the metabolism of inhaled TEA (20 mg/cu m) with and without ethanol ingestion. Three subjects displayed visual disturbances in the experiments without ethanol. These same subjects did not experience any visual disturbances in those experiments containing ethanol. In another study, four hour exposure to a TEA concentration of 3.0 mg/cu m seemed to cause no effects, whereas exposure to 6.5 mg/cu m for the same period caused blurred vision and a decrease in contrast sensitivity. Two volunteers were exposed to various airborne concentrations of triethylamine. Levels of 18 mg/cu m for eight hours caused subjective visual disturbances (haze and halos) and objective corneal edema. The effects faded within hours after the end of exposure. A cross-sectional study of visual disturbances was conducted in 19 workers (13 men, 6 women, mean age 45) employed in a polyurethane foam production plant. Visual disturbances (foggy vision, blue haze, and sometimes halo phemomena) were reported by 5 workers. Symptoms were associated with work operations with the highest exposure to triethylamine (TWA= 12-13 mg/cu m). ANIMAL STUDIES: TEA irritates the mucous membranes and the respiratory tract. In concentrations of 156 ppm a 50% decrease of the respiratory rate in rats was found. A 70% solution applied on the skin of guinea pigs caused prompt skin burns leading to necrosis; when held in contact with guinea pig skin for 2 hr, there was severe skin irritation with extensive necrosis and deep scarring. Five cat eyes and 1 monkey eye were exposed to triethylamine. Animals were exposed to triethylamine at rates of 0.45-0.85 mmol triethylamine/5 min for periods ranging from 1 to 5 min. Corneal epithelial damage occurred at all doses and was severe at higher concentrations. In all cases the epithelium was healed by day 4. Optical discontinuities of the stroma similar to those seen in human patients were observed at all dose levels. Convulsions observed in all rats given oral dosages of 50 mg or more. Triethylamine was tested on 3 day old chicken embryos. Malformations observed were: small eye cup 31%, defects of lids and cornea 73%, defects of beak 4%, encephalocoele or skin pimple in head 23%, open coelom 35%, short back or neck 42%, defects of wings 38%, and edema and lymph blebs 4%. Triethylamine was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay. Triethylamine was tested at doses of 0, 100, 333, 1000, 3333, and 10,000 ug/plate in four Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Triethylamine was negative in these tests.

12.1.2 EPA IRIS Information

Toxicity Summary
EPA IRIS Summary PDF (Update: Apr-01-1991 )
Critical Effect Systems
Respiratory
Reference Concentration (RfC), chronic
7 x 10 ^-3 mg/m^3

12.1.3 RAIS Toxicity Values

Inhalation Acute Reference Concentration (RfCa) (mg/m^3)
2.8
Inhalation Acute Reference Concentration Reference
CALEPA
Inhalation Chronic Reference Concentration (RfC) (mg/m^3)
0.007
Inhalation Chronic Reference Concentration Reference
IRIS Current

12.1.4 NIOSH Toxicity Data

12.1.5 Evidence for Carcinogenicity

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 59

12.1.6 Exposure Routes

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.
inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

12.1.7 Symptoms

Inhalation Exposure
Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Headache. Dizziness. Weakness. Nausea. Symptoms may be delayed.
Skin Exposure
Redness. Skin burns. Pain.
Eye Exposure
Pain. Redness. Blurred vision. Blue haze and halo. Loss of vision. Severe deep burns.
Ingestion Exposure
Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.
irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; In Animals: myocardial, kidney, liver damage

12.1.8 Target Organs

Respiratory
Eyes, skin, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys

12.1.9 Adverse Effects

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

12.1.10 Acute Effects

12.1.11 Toxicity Data

LCLo (rat) = 1,000 ppm/4 hr

12.1.12 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic bases/amines and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 194
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/amines and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 194-5
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/amines and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 195

12.1.13 Medical Surveillance

Employee who /will be/ exposed to triethylamine at potentially hazardous levels should be screened for history of certain medical conditions /chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases, eye diseases/ which might place the employee at increased risk from triethylamine exposure. Any employee developing the conditions should be referred for further medical exam.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 1

12.1.14 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Experimental studies were conducted in four healthy men on the metab of inhaled triethylamine (TEA) (20 mg/cu m) with and without ethanol ingestion. The mean serum ethanol concn during exposure & in the first hr after exposure was 25 mmol/L, ranging from 16 to 35 mmol/L. TEA was readily absorbed during exposure & partly oxygenated into triethylamine-N-oxide. The concn in plasma of TEA at the end of the exposure were lower in experiments with ethanol intake. TEA plus ethanol plus sodium bicarbonate caused the highest plasma levels, with only minor TEA amounts exhaled. The half live of TEA in urine was similar in many experiments. The triethylamine-N-oxide excretion was lower after ethanol ingestion than after exposure to TEA alone. Urinary pH profoundly affected TEA metabolism. /SRP: A decrease of the urinary pH by one increased renal clearance of TEA by a factor of 2./A change in urinary pH by about 2 units caused a change of renal clearance of TEA by a factor of three & of the oxygenation by a factor of two. Renal clearance of triethylamine-N-oxide was not affected by urinary pH. Three subjects displayed visual disturbances in the experiments without ethanol. These same subjects did not experience any visual disturbances in those experiments containing ethanol. It was concluded that, theoretically, the ethanol intake & varying urinary pH may affect the possibility of monitoring TEA exposure through biological samples. Although there was good correlation between air TEA levels & either end shift plasma levels & post shift urinary excretion of TEA plus triethylamine-N-oxide in an industrial settling, a determination of urinary pH would help.
Akesson B, Skerfving S; Int Arch Occup Environ Health 62 (1): 89-93 (1990)
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In 20 workers studied before, during, and after exposure to triethylamine (TEA) in a polyurethane-foam producing plant the amount of TEA and its metabolite triethylamine-N-oxide (TEAO) excreted in urine corresponded to an average of 80% of the inhaled amount. An average of 27% was TEAO, but with a pronounced interindividual variation. Older subjects excreted more than younger ones; less than 0.3% was excreted as diethylamine.
Akesson B et al; Am J Ind Med; 16 (3): 255-65 (1989)
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Four people were exposed to triethylamine (TEA) for 4 hr at concentrations of 40.6, 6.5, and 3.0 mg/cu m. Before and after every exposure, symptoms and ocular microscopy findings were recorded. Binocular visual acuity and contrast sensitivity at 2.5% contrast were also measured. Also, before and after the 40.6 mg/cu m exposure, corneal thickness was measured and ocular dimensions were recorded by ultrasonography, endothelial cells of the cornea were analyzed, and serum and lacrimal specimens were collected for the analysis of TEA. After exposure to 40.6 mg/cu m TEA there was a marked edema in the corneal epithelium and subepithelial microcysts. However, corneal thickness increased only minimally because of the epithelial edema. The lacrimal concentrations of TEA were, on average (range) 41 (18-83) times higher than the serum TEA concentrations. The vision was blurred in all subjects and visual acuity and contrast sensitivity had decreased in three of the four subjects. After exposure to TEA at 6.5 mg/cu m two subjects experienced symptoms, and contrast sensitivity had decreased in three of the four subjects. There were no symptoms or decreases in contrast sensitivity after exposure to a TEA concentration of 3.0 mg/cu m. TEA caused a marked edema and microcysts in corneal epithelium but only minor increases in corneal thickness. The effects may be mediated by the lacrimal fluid owing to its high TEA concentration. Four hour exposure to a TEA concentration of 3.0 mg/cu m seemed to cause no effects, whereas exposure to 6.5 mg/cu m for the same period caused blurred vision and a decrease in contrast sensitivity.
Jarvinen P et al; Occup Environ Med 56 (1): 1-5 (1999)
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Two volunteers were exposed to various airborne concentrations of triethylamine. Levels of 18 mg/cu m for eight hours caused subjective visual disturbances (haze and halos) and objective corneal edema. The effects faded within hours after the end of exposure.
Kesson B et al; Br J Ind Med 42 (12): 848-50 (1985)
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.1.15 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rats exposed at 500 ppm for 4 hours survived; 1000 ppm was fatal to one of six, and 2000 ppm killed all six test rats. No deaths were produced in guinea pigs exposed at up to 2000 ppm for 30 minutes. Four of six exposed animals died following a 2- hour exposure at 2000 ppm; two of six died following a 4-hour exposure at 1000 ppm; however, all six exposed animals survived a 4-hour exposure at 250 ppm.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. 7th Ed. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2013., p. 2
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /Triethylamine/ is strongly alkaline, and when drop is applied to rabbit's eye, causes severe injury, graded 9 on scale of 1 to 10 after 24 hr /most severe injuries have been rated 10/. Tests of aqueaous solution on rabbit eyes at pH 10 and pH 11 indicate injuriousness /of triethylamine/ is related principally to degree of alkalinity.
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 944
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A 70% soln applied on the skin of guinea pigs caused prompt skin burns leading to necrosis; when held in contact with guinea pig skin for 2 hr, there was severe skin irritation with extensive necrosis and deep scarring.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V4 715
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Five cat eyes and 1 monkey eye were exposed to triethylamine. Animals were exposed to triethylamine at rates of 0.45-0.85 mmol triethylamine/5 min for periods ranging from 1 to 5 min. Corneal epithelial damage occurred at all doses and was severe at higher concentrations. In all cases the epithelium was healed by day 4. Optical discontinuities of the stroma similar to those seen in human patients were observed at all dose levels.
Potts AM et al; Am J Ind Med 9: 203-13 (1986)
For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.1.16 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Rabbit dermal 0.57 mL/kg (416 mg/kg)
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V4 719
LD50 Mouse oral 546 mg/kg
Snyder, R. (ed.). Ethel Browning's Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. 2nd ed. Volume II: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Solvents. Amsterdam-New York-Oxford: Elsevier, 1990., p. 131
LD50 Mouse ip 405 mg/kg
Mester, R.T.,Sine, C. (eds.) Crop Protection Handbook Volume 97. Meisterpro. Willoughby,OH. 2011, p. 3545
LD50 Rat oral 460 mg/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3545

12.1.17 Ongoing Test Status

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of July 7, 2016: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]
The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Short-Term Toxicity Studies" and "Genetic Toxicology Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of July 28, 2016: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/testing/status/agents/ts-11038-a.html]

12.2 Ecological Information

12.2.1 Ecotoxicity Values

LC50; Species: Primephales promelas (fathead minnow); Concentration: 44 mg/L for 96 hr /conditions of bioassay not specified/
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001, p. 2109
LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes /Medaka/; Concentration: 720 mg/L for 48 hr /conditions of bioassay not specified/
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001, p. 2109
EC50; Species: Danio rerio (Zebra danio) fertilized egg; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 25 °C, pH 8.4, dissolved oxygen 8.1 mg/L; Concentration: 53000 ug/L for 7 days (95% confidence interval: 39000-73000 ug/L); Effect: teratogenic measurements /> or =99% purity/
Van Leeuwen CJ et al; Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 20 (1): 42-52 (1990) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of July 25, 2016
EC50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) fertilized egg; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 10 °C; Concentration: 130000 ug/L for 60 days (95% confidence interval: 96000-176000 ug/L); Effect: teratogenic measurements /> or =99% purity/
Van Leeuwen CJ et al; Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 20 (1): 42-52 (1990) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of July 25, 2016
For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for TRIETHYLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.2.2 US EPA Regional Screening Levels for Chemical Contaminants

Resident Soil (mg/kg)
1.20e+02
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
4.80e+02
Resident Air (ug/m3)
7.30e+00
Industrial Air (ug/m3)
3.10e+01
Tapwater (ug/L)
1.50e+01
MCL (ug/L)
5.00e+01
Risk-based SSL (mg/kg)
4.40e-03
Chronic Inhalation Reference Concentration (mg/m3)
7.00e-03
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1
Soil Saturation Concentration (mg/kg)
2.79e+04

12.2.3 US EPA Regional Removal Management Levels for Chemical Contaminants

Resident Soil (mg/kg)
3.50e+02
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
1.50e+03
Resident Air (ug/m3)
2.20e+01
Industrial Air (ug/m3)
9.20e+01
Tapwater (ug/L)
4.40e+01
MCL (ug/L)
5.00e+01
Chronic Inhalation Reference Concentration (mg/m3)
7.00e-03
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1
Soil Saturation Concentration (mg/kg)
2.79e+04

12.2.4 ICSC Environmental Data

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

12.2.5 Environmental Fate / Exposure Summary

Triethylamine's production and use as a solvent, catalyst, binding resin and chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 57.07 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates triethylamine will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase triethylamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.2 hours. Triethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, triethylamine is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 51. The pKa of triethylamine is 10.78, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as a cation and cations do not volatilize. Triethylamine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 28% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, triethylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's pKa. BCFs of <4.9 measured in carp suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to triethylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where triethylamine is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to triethylamine via inhalation of tobacco smoke and ambient air, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing triethylamine. (SRC)

12.2.6 Natural Pollution Sources

... amines from decomposing fish ... /Amines/
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 76

12.2.7 Artificial Pollution Sources

Triethylamine's production and use in the synthesis of semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins, as a polyurethane catalysts, an anti-corrosion agent, in paper, textile and photographic auxiliaries, and in anodic electro-coating(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
(1) Roose P et al; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed. (1999-2015). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Amines, Aliphatic. Online Posting Date: 30 Sept 2015.

12.2.8 Environmental Fate

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 51(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that triethylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of triethylamine is 10.78(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of the cation from moist soil is not expected because cations do not volatilize(SRC). Triethylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 57.07 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). A 28% of Theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(3) Riddick JA et al; Organic Solvents: Physical Properties and Methods of Purification. Techniques of Chemistry. 4th ed. New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience (1996)
(4) Doucette WJ; pp. 141-188 in Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals. Boethling RS, Mackay D, eds. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ (2000)
(5) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Tokyo, Japan: Natl Inst Tech Eval. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 51(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that triethylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected based upon a pKa of 10.78(3), indicating that triethylamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form and cations do not volatilize(SRC). Triethylamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCFs of <4.9(6), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Triethylamine present at 100 mg/L, reached 28% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(6).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(3) Riddick JA et al; Organic Solvents: Physical Properties and Methods of Purification. Techniques of Chemistry. 4th ed. New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience (1996)
(4) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5 (1990)
(5) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)
(6) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Tokyo, Japan: Natl Inst Tech Eval. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), triethylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 57.07 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase triethylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Triethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988)
(2) Riddick JA et al; Organic Solvents: Physical Properties and Methods of Purification. Techniques of Chemistry. 4th ed. New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience (1996)
(3) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(4) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 8-12, 8-13 (1990)

12.2.9 Environmental Biodegradation

AEROBIC: Triethylamine was not degraded by activated sludge even when acclimatized (BOD 5.3% of theoretical after 13 days)(1). Triethylamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 28% of its Theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(2). [
(1) Chudoba J et al; Chem Prum 19: 76-80 (1969)
(2) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Tokyo, Japan: Natl Inst Tech Eval. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html
ANAEROBIC: Triethylamine was found to be persistent under anaerobic conditions(1).
(1) Kawahara K et al; Chemosphere 39:2001-18 (1999)

12.2.10 Environmental Abiotic Degradation

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of triethylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Triethylamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Triethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Experiments show that triethylamine reacts with NO-NO2-H20 mixtures to form diethylnitroamine both in the dark and on irradiation(3). On irradiation, triethylamine is highly reactive forming ozone, PAN, acetaldehyde, diethylnitroamine, diethylformamide, ethylacetamide, and diethylacetamide and aerosols(3). These experiments were performed in large outdoor chambers under natural conditions of temperature, humidity, and illumination(3). Initially the mixture was allowed to react for two hours in the dark and then exposed to sunlight. The triethylamine completely disappeared after 90 minutes of illumination(3).
(1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5, 8-12, 8-13 (1990)
(3) Pitts JN Jr et al; Environ Sci Technol 12: 946-53 (1978)

12.2.11 Environmental Bioconcentration

Measured BCF values of <0.5 and <4.9 were reported in carp (Cyprinus carpio; lipid content, 3.9%), exposed to triethylamine at 0.5 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively, over a 6-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCFs suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
(1) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Tokyo, Japan: Natl Inst Tech Eval. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html
(2) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)

12.2.12 Soil Adsorption / Mobility

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of triethylamine can be estimated to be 51(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that triethylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil. The pKa of triethylamine is 10.78(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).
(1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(2) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(3) Riddick JA et al; Organic Solvents: Physical Properties and Methods of Purification. Techniques of Chemistry. 4th ed. New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience (1996)
(4) Doucette WJ; pp. 141-188 in Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals. Boethling RS, Mackay D, eds. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ (2000)

12.2.13 Volatilization from Water / Soil

A pKa of 10.78(1) indicates triethylamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9. Volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate because cations do not volatilize(SRC). Triethylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 57.07 mm Hg(1).
(1) Riddick JA et al; Organic Solvents: Physical Properties and Methods of Purification. Techniques of Chemistry. 4th ed. New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience (1996)

12.2.14 Effluent Concentrations

Triethylamine has been reported in an effluent sample from the plastics and synthetics industry at 356.5 mg/L(1). It is emitted from sewage treatment plants(2). Anthropogenic releases of triethylamine by industry in the US to the atmosphere, surface water, underwater injections, land, and off-site were 2.3X10+5, 2299, 1.3X10+5, 10, and 2961 lbs, respectively, for the year 2014(3).
(1) Shackelford WM et al; Analyt Chem Acta 146: 15-27 (1983)
(2) Graedel TE; Chemical Compounds in the Atmosphere. New York, NY: Academic Press pp. 289 (1978)
(3) USEPA; Office of Environmental Information's TRI Explorer (2014 National Analysis dataset) Triethylamine. Available from, as of July 14, 2016: https://www.epa.gov/triexplorer/industry.htm

12.2.15 Sediment / Soil Concentrations

SOIL: Triethylamine was identified in uncultivated loamy soil from the Moscow, Russia region. Since this soil is uncultivated, it is possible that the amines are formed naturally rather than being a contaminant or a metabolite of a fertilizer or pesticide(1).
(1) Golovnya RV et al; USSR Acad Med Sci pp. 327-35 (1982)

12.2.16 Atmospheric Concentrations

URBAN/SUBURBAN: The ambient concentration of triethylamine in air at one urban location in the US ranged from not detected to 4 ug/cu m(1). Ambient air sampled from coastal and residential areas of Southern Sweden in 1991 contained <0.2 ng/cu m of triethylamine(2). Trace levels (ca 2-10 pmol/cu m) of triethylamine were detected in air in Sweden urban areas of Lund, Sodra, and Vallby(3).
(1) Kelly TJ et al; Environ Sci Technol 28: 378A-387A (1994)
(2) Verscheuren K; Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 1825 (1996)
(3) Groenberg L et al; Chemosphere 24: 1533-1540 (1992)
INDOOR: Triethylamine was detected at 11.9-16.5 and 15.8 ug/cu m in the interior of a motor vehicle using direct and diffusive sampling after heating 6 hours at 40 °C for 3 days. After 7 days results were 37.3 and 11.7 ug/cu m using direct and diffusive sampling, respectively(1).
(1) Rampfl M et al; Environ Sci Technol 42: 5217-22 (2008)
RURAL/REMOTE: Ambient air sampled from a rural area of Southern Sweden in 1991 contained 0.2-2 ng/cu m trimethylamine(1).
(1) Verscheuren K; Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. 3rd ed. New Yotk, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, p 1825 (1996)
SOURCE DOMINATED: In 1983, triethylamine was detected in an unspecified location (suspected industrial facility) in the United States at <4.2 ug/cu m(1).
(1) USEPA; Final Report on Ambient Concentration Summaries for Clean Air Act Title III Hazardous Air Pollutants. Research Triangle Park, NC: US EPA, USEPA/600/R-94/092 (1993)

12.2.17 Food Survey Values

Triethylamine has been identified as a volatile component of boiled beef(1).
(1) Golovnya RV et al; Chem Senses Flavour 4: 97-105 (1979)

12.2.18 Other Environmental Concentrations

Triethylamine is reported as a component found in tobacco smoke(1). Triethylamine is listed as an ingredient in two household use products (floor finish, stump and vine killer)(2).
(1) Talhout R et al; Int J Environ Res Public Health 8: 613-28 (2011)
(2) National Library of Medicine Household Products Database. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://hpd.nlm.nih.gov/

12.2.19 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 10 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of triethylamine in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 50-99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).
(1) US EPA; Chemical Data Reporting (CDR). Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting information on chemical production and use in the United States. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://java.epa.gov/chemview
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 68,091 workers (9701 of these are female) were potentially exposed to triethylamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to triethylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where triethylamine is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to triethylamine via inhalation of tobacco smoke and ambient air, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing triethylamine(SRC). Workers in a gray-iron foundry and polyurethane manufacture facility were exposed to 0.01-12.3 ppm and 6-13 mg/cu m of triethylamine, respectively(2). The long-term and short-term personal breathing zone of workers at 42 different foundries using an amine-cured cold box binder system were sampled(3); the 8-hr time-weighted-average (TWA) and short-term avg exposure to triethylamine were 3.1 and 5.2 ppm, respectively(3).
(1) CDC; International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) 2012. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH). Ed Info Div. Available from, as of July 12, 2016: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcs/default.html
(2) Albrecht WN et al; Scand J Work Environ Health 14: 209-19 (1988)
(3) Warren DW, Selchan DF; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 49: 630-34 (1988)

12.2.20 Body Burden

Triethylamine was detected in the plasma of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophageal adenocarcinoma(1).
(1) Bhatt A et al; Gastrointest Endosc pii: Soo16-5107(15)03159-4 (2015)

13 Literature

13.1 Consolidated References

13.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

13.3 Springer Nature References

13.4 Thieme References

13.5 Wiley References

13.6 Nature Journal References

13.7 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.8 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.9 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

14 Patents

14.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

14.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

14.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

15 Interactions and Pathways

15.1 Protein Bound 3D Structures

16 Biological Test Results

16.1 BioAssay Results

17 Taxonomy

18 Classification

18.1 MeSH Tree

18.2 ChEBI Ontology

18.3 ChemIDplus

18.4 CAMEO Chemicals

18.5 UN GHS Classification

18.6 EPA CPDat Classification

18.7 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

18.8 EPA DSSTox Classification

18.9 Consumer Product Information Database Classification

18.10 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

18.11 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

18.12 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

19 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
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    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. CAS Common Chemistry
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    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
  4. ChemIDplus
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  5. EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
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  6. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  7. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  8. EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
  9. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
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    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
  10. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
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    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  11. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  12. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
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    http://www.hmdb.ca/citing
  13. ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
  14. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
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    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  15. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
  16. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    LICENSE
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    https://www.dol.gov/general/aboutdol/copyright
  17. Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS)
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    https://rais.ornl.gov/
  18. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    LICENSE
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    https://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html
  19. California Safe Cosmetics Program (CSCP) Product Database
  20. Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
  21. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
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  22. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
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    https://www.who.int/about/policies/publishing/copyright
  23. ChEBI
  24. EPA Air Toxics
  25. ChEMBL
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    http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html
  26. IUPAC Digitized pKa Dataset
  27. Consumer Product Information Database (CPID)
    LICENSE
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    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/contents/view/1/6
    Consumer Products Category Classification
    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/
  28. Crystallography Open Database (COD)
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    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
  29. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
  30. EU Food Improvement Agents
  31. EPA Regional Screening Levels for Chemical Contaminants at Superfund Sites
  32. Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS), Safe Work Australia
  33. NITE-CMC
    Triethylamine - FY2006 (New/original classication)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/06-imcg-0845e.html
    Triethylamine - FY2016 (Revised classification)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/16-mhlw-0118e.html
  34. Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
    LICENSE
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    https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/legal-notice/legal-notice.html
  35. FDA Substances Added to Food
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    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  36. Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA)
  37. MassBank Europe
  38. NMRShiftDB
  39. SpectraBase
  40. MassBank of North America (MoNA)
    LICENSE
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    https://mona.fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/documentation/license
  41. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
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    https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law
  42. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  43. KEGG
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    https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/legal.html
  44. KNApSAcK Species-Metabolite Database
  45. Kruve Lab, Ionization & Mass Spectrometry, Stockholm University
    triethylamine
  46. Metabolomics Workbench
  47. Nature Chemistry
  48. Nature Synthesis
  49. NLM RxNorm Terminology
    LICENSE
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    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/termsofservice.html
  50. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
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    Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  51. Pistoia Alliance Chemical Safety Library
    SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE + TRIETHYLAMINE
    https://safescience.cas.org/
  52. Springer Nature
  53. SpringerMaterials
  54. Thieme Chemistry
    LICENSE
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    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  55. Wikidata
  56. Wikipedia
  57. Wiley
  58. PubChem
  59. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  60. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  61. EPA Substance Registry Services
  62. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  63. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
  64. NCBI
CONTENTS