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Uracil

PubChem CID
1174
Structure
Uracil_small.png
Uracil_3D_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • uracil
  • 66-22-8
  • 2,4-Dihydroxypyrimidine
  • 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione
  • pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Molecular Weight
112.09 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2004-09-16
  • Modify:
    2024-12-27
Description
Uracil is a common and naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleobase in which the pyrimidine ring is substituted with two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4. Found in RNA, it base pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription. It has a role as a prodrug, a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an allergen. It is a pyrimidine nucleobase and a pyrimidone. It is a tautomer of a (4S)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one.
Uracil is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).
Uracil has been reported in Hamigera avellanea, Paraphaeosphaeria minitans, and other organisms with data available.
See also: Pyrimidine (subclass of).

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Uracil.png

1.2 3D Conformer

1.3 Crystal Structures

COD records with this CID as component

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C4H4N2O2/c7-3-1-2-5-4(8)6-3/h1-2H,(H2,5,6,7,8)
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

C1=CNC(=O)NC1=O
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.2 Molecular Formula

C4H4N2O2
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

66-22-8
24897-50-5
87009-12-9

2.3.3 Deprecated CAS

138285-60-6, 144104-68-7, 153445-42-2, 42910-77-0, 4433-21-0, 4433-24-3, 51953-19-6, 766-19-8
138285-60-6, 144104-68-7, 153445-42-2, 42910-77-0, 4433-24-3, 51953-19-6, 766-19-8

2.3.4 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.5 UNII

2.3.6 ChEBI ID

2.3.7 ChEMBL ID

2.3.8 DrugBank ID

2.3.9 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.10 HMDB ID

2.3.11 KEGG ID

2.3.12 Metabolomics Workbench ID

2.3.13 NCI Thesaurus Code

2.3.14 Nikkaji Number

2.3.15 NSC Number

2.3.16 PharmGKB ID

2.3.17 Wikidata

2.3.18 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

Uracil

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
112.09 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
XLogP3
Property Value
-1.1
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
112.027277375 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
112.027277375 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
58.2Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
8
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
161
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Solid; [Merck Index] White powder; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]
Solid

3.2.2 Melting Point

338°C
PhysProp
330 °C

3.2.3 Solubility

3600mg/L (at 25 °C)
YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
3.6 mg/mL

3.2.4 LogP

-1.07
HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
-1.07
HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)

3.2.5 LogS

-1.48
ADME Research, USCD

3.2.6 Ionization Efficiency

Ionization mode
Positive
logIE
0.68
pH
2.7
Instrument
Agilent XCT
Ion source
Electrospray ionization
Additive
formic acid (5.3nM)
Organic modifier
MeCN (80%)

3.2.7 Caco2 Permeability

-5.37
ADME Research, USCD

3.2.8 Dissociation Constants

pKa
9.45
MERCK INDEX (1996)

3.2.9 Collision Cross Section

126.98 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Method: stepped-field]
115 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW; Method: calibrated with polyalanine]
112.9 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Method: single field calibrated with ESI Low Concentration Tuning Mix (Agilent)]
118.5 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]

113.5 Ų [M-H]-

126.2 Ų [M+H]+

S50 | CCSCOMPEND | The Unified Collision Cross Section (CCS) Compendium | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2658162

3.3 SpringerMaterials Properties

3.4 Chemical Classes

Biological Agents -> Nucleic Acids and Derivatives

3.4.1 Drugs

Pharmaceuticals
S10 | SWISSPHARMA | Pharmaceutical List with Consumption Data | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2623484
Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15
S55 | ZINC15PHARMA | Pharmaceuticals from ZINC15 | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3247749

4 Spectral Information

4.1 1D NMR Spectra

1D NMR Spectra

4.1.1 1H NMR Spectra

1 of 5
View All
Spectra ID
Instrument Type
Varian
Frequency
500 MHz
Solvent
Water
pH
7.00
Shifts [ppm]:Intensity
5.80:67.78, 7.53:100.00, 7.51:95.82, 5.78:61.68
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2 of 5
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Spectra ID
Instrument Type
JEOL
Frequency
400 MHz
Solvent
DMSO-d6
Shifts [ppm]:Intensity
5.48:672.00, 7.41:887.00, 5.48:770.00, 5.49:521.00, 5.47:536.00, 7.39:880.00, 5.46:770.00, 5.46:658.00, 11.02:492.00, 7.43:40.00, 7.42:859.00, 5.44:23.00, 10.82:369.00, 7.40:1000.00
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4.1.2 13C NMR Spectra

1 of 5
View All
Spectra ID
Instrument Type
Bruker
Frequency
125 MHz
Solvent
Water
pH
7.00
Shifts [ppm]:Intensity
-0.00:2.86, 146.32:9.68, 170.23:1.84, 155.93:1.53, 103.72:10.43
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2 of 5
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Spectra ID
Frequency
400 MHz
Solvent
H2O
Shifts [ppm]
103.72, 170.23, 146.32, 155.93
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4.1.3 15N NMR Spectra

Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 W. Robien, Inst. of Org. Chem., Univ. of Vienna. All Rights Reserved.
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4.2 2D NMR Spectra

4.2.1 1H-1H NMR Spectra

2D NMR Spectra Type
1H-1H TOCSY
Spectra ID
Shifts [ppm] (F2:F1)
5.11:6.95, 5.11:5.22, 5.11:6.26, 5.11:5.36, 5.11:7.38, 5.11:6.89, 5.11:5.87, 5.11:7.76, 5.11:6.06, 5.11:5.58, 5.11:7.28, 5.11:6.62, 5.11:5.66, 5.11:6.03, 5.11:5.79, 5.79:7.54, 5.11:5.26, 5.11:6.01, 5.11:5.96, 5.11:5.45, 5.11:5.75, 5.11:5.25, 5.11:5.57, 5.11:5.41, 5.11:5.72, 5.11:5.60, 7.53:5.78, 5.11:5.19, 5.11:5.32, 5.11:7.79, 5.11:5.83, 5.11:6.43, 5.11:6.69, 5.11:5.42, 5.11:5.51, 5.11:6.09, 7.53:5.80, 5.11:5.92, 5.11:6.34, 5.11:5.49, 5.11:7.43, 5.11:6.50, 5.11:5.91, 5.11:5.39, 5.11:6.37, 5.79:7.52, 5.11:5.78, 5.11:6.29, 5.11:5.33, 5.11:6.12, 5.11:5.11, 5.11:6.75, 5.11:5.53, 5.11:5.13
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4.2.2 1H-13C NMR Spectra

2D NMR Spectra Type
1H-13C HSQC
Spectra ID
Instrument Type
Bruker
Frequency
600 MHz
Solvent
Water
pH
7.00
Shifts [ppm] (F2:F1):Intensity
7.56:146.25:0.38, 5.79:103.72:1.00, 7.48:146.25:0.36
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4.3 Mass Spectrometry

4.3.1 GC-MS

1 of 17
View All
Spectra ID
Instrument Type
GC-MS
Top 5 Peaks

99.0 1

241.0 0.81

255.0 0.45

256.0 0.35

113.0 0.25

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2 of 17
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Spectra ID
Instrument Type
EI-B
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

112.0 99.99

69.0 69.75

42.0 58.56

17.0 40.90

28.0 37.37

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Notes
instrument=HITACHI M-60

4.3.2 MS-MS

1 of 7
View All
Spectra ID
Ionization Mode
Negative
Top 5 Peaks

41.99852 100

111.0234 58.81

74.96782 1.70

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2 of 7
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Spectra ID
Ionization Mode
Negative
Top 5 Peaks

41.99852 100

111.0197 2.11

68.01588 1.73

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4.3.3 LC-MS

1 of 15
View All
Authors
Kakazu Y, Horai H, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio Univ.
Instrument
API3000, Applied Biosystems
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QQ
MS Level
MS2
Ionization Mode
NEGATIVE
Collision Energy
10 V
Precursor m/z
111
Precursor Adduct
[M-H]-
Top 5 Peaks

111.2 999

67 13

42 4

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License
CC BY-NC-SA
2 of 15
View All
Authors
Kakazu Y, Horai H, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio Univ.
Instrument
API3000, Applied Biosystems
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QQ
MS Level
MS2
Ionization Mode
NEGATIVE
Collision Energy
20 V
Precursor m/z
111
Precursor Adduct
[M-H]-
Top 5 Peaks

111 999

41.8 467

67 221

46.2 8

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License
CC BY-NC-SA

4.3.4 Other MS

1 of 5
View All
Authors
UBE SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS LABORATORY
Instrument
HITACHI M-60
Instrument Type
EI-B
MS Level
MS
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Ionization
ENERGY 70 eV
Top 5 Peaks

112 999

69 698

42 586

17 409

28 374

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License
CC BY-NC-SA
2 of 5
View All
Authors
NARA WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY
Instrument
HITACHI M-80
Instrument Type
EI-B
MS Level
MS
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Ionization
ENERGY 70 eV
Top 5 Peaks

112 999

69 472

42 395

28 368

41 249

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License
CC BY-NC-SA

4.4 IR Spectra

4.4.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
KBr WAFER
Source of Sample
Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Technique
Mull
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
130788
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.4.2 ATR-IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS
Technique
ATR-Neat (DuraSamplIR II)
Source of Spectrum
Forensic Spectral Research
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Inc.
Catalog Number
U-0750
Lot Number
104C-0156
Copyright
Copyright © 2009-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
130788
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.5 Raman Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Spectrum
Forensic Spectral Research
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Inc.
Catalog Number
U0750
Lot Number
104C-0156
Copyright
Copyright © 2012-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Catalog Number
130788
Copyright
Copyright © 2017-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2017-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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6 Chemical Vendors

7 Drug and Medication Information

7.1 Drug Indication

7.2 Clinical Trials

7.2.1 ClinicalTrials.gov

7.2.2 EU Clinical Trials Register

7.2.3 NIPH Clinical Trials Search of Japan

7.3 Biomarker Information

8 Food Additives and Ingredients

8.1 Associated Foods

9 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

9.1 Human Metabolite Information

9.1.1 Tissue Locations

  • All Tissues
  • Placenta
  • Prostate

9.1.2 Cellular Locations

Extracellular

9.1.3 Metabolite Pathways

9.2 Biochemical Reactions

10 Use and Manufacturing

10.1 Uses

EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Produced by hydrolysis of nucleic acids; Used in biochemical research; [Merck Index]
Merck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.

<b>Use (kg; approx.) in Germany (2009):</b> >10

<b>Consumption (g per capita; approx.) in Germany (2009):</b> 0.000122

<b>Calculated removal (%):</b> 75.1

10.2 General Manufacturing Information

EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione: ACTIVE

11 Safety and Hazards

11.1 Hazards Identification

11.1.1 GHS Classification

Note
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 84.2% (16 of 19) of all reports. Pictograms displayed are for 15.8% (3 of 19) of reports that indicate hazard statements.
Pictogram(s)
Irritant
Signal
Warning
GHS Hazard Statements

H315 (10.5%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (10.5%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (10.5%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 19 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 16 of 19 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 3 notifications provided by 3 of 19 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

11.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Skin Irrit. 2 (10.5%)

Eye Irrit. 2A (10.5%)

STOT SE 3 (10.5%)

11.1.3 Hazards Summary

May cause irritation; [Alfa Aesar MSDS] See Uracil.

11.2 Regulatory Information

REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

11.3 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione: Environment tier I assessment

IMAP assessments - 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione: Human health tier I assessment

12 Toxicity

12.1 Toxicological Information

12.1.1 Acute Effects

13 Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease
Uremia
References

PubMed: 11865086, 10509899, 9607216, 7482520, 6520173, 22626821, 21359215, 2026685, 9573551, 24023812, 15353324, 19309105, 8087979, 17132244, 12675874

Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy.

David F. Putnam Composition and Concentrative Properties of Human Urine. NASA Contractor Report. July 1971

Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.

Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES Survey) 2013

Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 80-82. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.

Disease
Diverticular disease
References
Disease
Attachment loss
References
PubMed: 31026179
Disease
Missing teeth
References
PubMed: 31026179
Disease
Periodontal Probing Depth
References
PubMed: 31026179
Disease
Argininemia
References

PubMed: 624188, 6796772, 2311630, 26123990, 28659245

MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

Disease
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency
References

PubMed: 7680187, 5471650

MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

Disease
Cerebral infarction
References
Disease
Liver disease
References
Disease
Eosinophilic esophagitis
References
Mordechai, Hien, and David S. Wishart
Disease
Colorectal cancer
References

PubMed: 7482520, 19006102, 23940645, 24424155, 20156336, 19678709, 22148915, 25105552, 21773981, 25037050, 27015276, 27107423, 27275383, 28587349

Silke Matysik, Caroline Ivanne Le Roy, Gerhard Liebisch, Sandrine Paule Claus. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 57, Part B, Nov. 2016, p.244-255: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224416301984

Disease
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency
References

PubMed: 14705962, 8581129, 2109146

MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

Disease
Molybdenium co-factor deficiency
References

14 Literature

14.1 Consolidated References

14.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

14.3 Springer Nature References

14.4 Thieme References

14.5 Wiley References

14.6 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

14.7 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

14.8 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

15 Patents

15.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

15.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

15.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

15.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

15.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

16 Interactions and Pathways

16.1 Protein Bound 3D Structures

16.1.1 Ligands from Protein Bound 3D Structures

PDBe Ligand Code
PDBe Structure Code
PDBe Conformer

16.2 Chemical-Target Interactions

16.3 Drug-Drug Interactions

16.4 Pathways

17 Biological Test Results

17.1 BioAssay Results

18 Taxonomy

WormJam Metabolites Local CSV for MetFrag | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3403364
WormJam: A consensus C. elegans Metabolic Reconstruction and Metabolomics Community and Workshop Series, Worm, 6:2, e1373939, DOI:10.1080/21624054.2017.1373939
Zebrafish Pathway Metabolite MetFrag Local CSV (Beta) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3457553
The LOTUS Initiative for Open Natural Products Research: frozen dataset union wikidata (with metadata) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5794106
A metabolome atlas of the aging mouse brain. Nat Commun. 2021 Oct 15;12(1):6021. DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26310-y. PMID:34654818; PMCID:PMC8519999.
The Metabolome Atlas of the Aging Mouse Brain: https://mouse.atlas.metabolomics.us

19 Classification

19.1 MeSH Tree

19.2 NCI Thesaurus Tree

19.3 ChEBI Ontology

19.4 KEGG: Metabolite

19.5 ChemIDplus

19.6 ChEMBL Target Tree

19.7 UN GHS Classification

19.8 EPA CPDat Classification

19.9 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

19.10 CCSBase Classification

19.11 EPA DSSTox Classification

19.12 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

19.13 LOTUS Tree

19.14 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

19.15 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

20 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAS Common Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
  3. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  4. DrugBank
    LICENSE
    Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)
    https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_use
  5. DTP/NCI
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise indicated, all text within NCI products is free of copyright and may be reused without our permission. Credit the National Cancer Institute as the source.
    https://www.cancer.gov/policies/copyright-reuse
  6. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  7. EPA DSSTox
    (4-Hydroxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxidanyl
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID501007260
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  8. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
    LICENSE
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CONTENTS