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Calcium nitrate

PubChem CID
24963
Structure
Calcium nitrate_small.png
Calcium nitrate__Crystal_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • CALCIUM NITRATE
  • 10124-37-5
  • Calcium dinitrate
  • Lime nitrate
  • Nitric acid, calcium salt
Molecular Weight
164.09 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-08-08
  • Modify:
    2025-01-18
Description
Calcium nitrate appears as white to light gray granular solid. May be either the anhydrous compound or the tetrahydrate. Used in fertilizers, explosives and pyrotechnics.
Calcium nitrate is inorganic nitrate salt of calcium. It has a role as a fertilizer. It is an inorganic nitrate salt and a calcium salt. It contains a calcium(2+).
Nitrocalcite is a mineral with formula of Ca(N5+O3)2·4H2O or Ca(NO3)2·4H2O. The IMA symbol is Ncal.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Calcium nitrate.png

1.2 3D Status

Conformer generation is disallowed since MMFF94s unsupported element, mixture or salt

1.3 Crystal Structures

COD Number
Associated Article
Wyckoff, R. W. G.. Crystal structure of calcium nitrate. Crystals structures, Vol. II 1951;:-.
Crystal Structure Depiction
Crystal Structure Depiction
Hermann-Mauguin space group symbol
P a -3
Hall space group symbol
-P 2ac 2ab 3
Space group number
205
a
7.60 Å
b
7.60 Å
c
7.60 Å
α
90 °
β
90 °
γ
90 °
Z
4
Z'
0.166666666666667
Component
1 x [Ca+2] (Calcium ion)
Component
2 x [O-][N+](=O)[O-] (Nitrate)

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

calcium;dinitrate
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/Ca.2NO3/c;2*2-1(3)4/q+2;2*-1
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Ca+2]
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)2
CaN2O6
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

10124-37-5

10124-37-5 (anhydrous)

13477-34-4 (tetrahydrate)

2.3.2 Deprecated CAS

260792-08-3, 292135-47-8, 56532-05-9, 94079-75-1, 95680-75-4
260792-08-3, 292135-47-8, 2952711-51-0, 56532-05-9, 94079-75-1, 95680-75-4
292135-47-8, 56532-05-9, 94079-75-1, 95680-75-4

2.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.4 UNII

2.3.5 UN Number

2.3.6 ChEBI ID

2.3.7 ChEMBL ID

2.3.8 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.9 HMDB ID

2.3.10 ICSC Number

2.3.11 Wikidata

2.3.12 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • calcium nitrate
  • calcium nitrate tetrahydrate

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
164.09 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
6
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
163.9382266 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
163.9382266 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
126 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
9
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
18.8
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
3
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Calcium nitrate appears as white to light gray granular solid. May be either the anhydrous compound or the tetrahydrate. Used in fertilizers, explosives and pyrotechnics.
Water or Solvent Wet Solid; Dry Powder; Liquid; Other Solid; NKRA; Pellets or Large Crystals; Dry Powder, Liquid
White granules or crystals (tends to absorb water from air and become liquid);
COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.

3.2.2 Color / Form

Deliquescent granules
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 275
White, cubic crystals
Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 79th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1998-1999., p. 4-48
White mass
Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 13th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1997., p. 197

3.2.3 Melting Point

1042 °F (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
About 560 °C
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 275
560 °C

3.2.4 Solubility

Very sol in water; freely sol in methanol, ethanol, acetone; almost insol in concn nitric acid
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 275
SOL IN ANHYD AMMONIA; IN ALCOHOL 14 G/100 CC @ 15 °C
Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. B-66
Soluble in acetone; insoluble in ethanol
Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 635
Solubility in water, g/100ml: 121.2

3.2.5 Density

2.5 at 64.4 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
2.5 @ 25 °C /Tetrahydrate/
Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 79th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1998-1999., p. 4-48
MP= 42 °C; Density 1.82 /tetrahydrate/
Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 13th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1997., p. 197
2.50 g/cm³

3.2.6 Decomposition

WHEN HEATED TO INCANDESCENCE, CALCIUM NITRATE DECOMP INTO /NITROGEN OXIDE, CALCIUM OXIDE AND OXYGEN/.
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 358
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitroxides.
Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 635

3.2.7 pH

5% aq soln= 6.0
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 275

3.2.8 Other Experimental Properties

Calcium nitrate crystallizes also with 4 H2O (30.5%), Melting @ 45 °C /Tetrahydrate/
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 275
Evolves heat when dissolved in water; deliquescent
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 275
Hygroscopic
Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 79th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1998-1999., p. 4-48

3.3 Chemical Classes

Nitrogen Compounds -> Nitrates and Nitrites

5 Chemical Vendors

6 Minerals

1 of 3
Formula
Ca(NO3)2.4H2O
System
Monoclinic
2 of 3
Name
nitrocalcite
Link
3 of 3
Formula
Ca(N5+O3)2·4H2O or Ca(NO3)2·4H2O
IMA Symbol
Ncal

7 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

7.1 Metabolism / Metabolites

Intake of some amount of nitrates and nitrites is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites can occur in the gastrointestional tract under the right conditions, significantly enhancing nitrates' toxic potency. The major metabolic pathway for nitrate is conversion to nitrite, and then to ammonia. Nitrites, nitrates, and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137)
L1137: ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/nitrate/nitrate.html

8 Use and Manufacturing

8.1 Uses

EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Used in explosives, fertilizers, matches, fireworks/signal flares, radio tubes, and diesel fuels (corrosion inhibitor); [Merck Index]
Merck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.
In explosives, fertilizers, matches, pyrotechnics; mfr of incandescent mantles, radio tubes, nitric acid; corrosion inhibitor in diesel fuels
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 275
... Powerful oxidizing agent.
International Labour Office. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th edition, Volumes 1-4 1998. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1998., p. 104.59
Secondary macronutrient /in fertilizer/
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. V10 45

8.1.1 Use Classification

Hazard Classes and Categories -> Reactive - 1st degree

8.1.2 Industry Uses

  • Adhesion/cohesion promoter
  • Surface modifier
  • Viscosity modifiers
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Intermediates
  • Fuels and fuel additives
  • Processing aids not otherwise specified
  • Process regulators
  • Soil amendments (fertilizers)
  • Drier
  • Odor agents
  • Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
  • Processing aids, not otherwise listed

8.1.3 Consumer Uses

  • Viscosity modifiers
  • Pigment
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Intermediates
  • Fuels and fuel additives
  • Process regulators
  • Soil amendments (fertilizers)
  • Drier
  • Odor agents
  • Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
  • Chemical reaction regulator
  • Processing aids, not otherwise listed

8.1.4 Household Products

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products

Information on 2 consumer products that contain Calcium nitrate in the following categories is provided:

• Landscaping/Yard

8.2 Methods of Manufacturing

Preparation: Gmelin's Calcium (8th ed) 28B, 59-69, 341-382 (1956).
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 275
CALCIUM NITRATE IS OBTAINED BY DISSOLVING LIMESTONE IN NITRIC ACID OR THROUGH ABSORPTION OF NITROUS GASES BY MILK OF LIME.
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 358
Currently is produced in large quantities as by-product from nitrophosphate manufacture
CONSIDINE. CHEMICAL AND PROCESS TECHNOL ENCYC 1974 p.471

8.3 Formulations / Preparations

Technical flake usually contains 28.6% H2O.
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 275
Grade: technical, pure, CP, reagent.
Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 13th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1997., p. 197
Pure anhydrous salt contains 17.1% N & 24.4% Ca, and the fertilizer grade 15.5% N & 19.9% Ca
Farm Chemicals Handbook 1999. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1999., p. B 23
/Available as/ technical grade granule & solution grade
CHEMCYCLOPEDIA 1986 p.169

8.4 U.S. Production

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: 250,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb

2018: 250,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb

2017: 250,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb

2016: 250,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb

8.5 General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
  • Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
  • Utilities
  • Rubber Product Manufacturing
  • Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
  • Construction
  • Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
  • Wholesale and Retail Trade
  • Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
  • Machinery Manufacturing
  • Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
  • Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
  • All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Nitric acid, calcium salt (2:1): ACTIVE
Preharvest sprays of calcium nitrate reduced the physiological wt loss, completely checked rotting, incr the calcium content, and maintained pulp firmness and fruit quality of Flordasun peach during ambient storage up to 5 days. Calcium nitrate at 2.0% as a pre-harvest spray extended the shelf life in ambient storage of Flordasun peach fruits because of delayed onset of senescence.
Bhullar JS et al; Effect of pre-harvest calcium nitrate sprays on the ambient storage of Flordasun peach fruits; J Res (Punjab Agric Univ) 18 (3): 282-6 (1981)
The defoliating activity of cyanamide aq soln was incr when the soln contained the highly hygroscopic calcium nitrate.
Dzhapparov A et al; Physicochemical bases and technology of the production of the defoliant TsAks (cyanamide + calcium nitrate); Uzb Khim Zh 3: 48-52 (1982)
By adding calcium nitrate to sewage or industrial wastewater, the formation of hydrogen sulfide is eliminated in discharge pipes and compensation basins as long as nitrate remains in the water. As a positive secondary effect, a BOD reduction corresponding to the amt of oxygen supplied by the nitrate is achieved. A considerable reduction of N by the denitrification process also occurs.
Jacobsson F; Control of hydrogen sulfide by calcium nitrate; Vatten 37 (1): 10-2 (1981)
A composition containing calcium nitrate 3 g/gal, potassium nitrate 2 g/gal, and Epsom salts 0.8 g/gal induces plant hibernation.
Smith WJ; Plant hibernation; US Patent No 4340414 07/20/82
For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for CALCIUM NITRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9 Safety and Hazards

9.1 Hazards Identification

9.1.1 GHS Classification

1 of 3
View All
Note
Pictograms displayed are for 99.7% (1264 of 1268) of reports that indicate hazard statements. This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (4 of 1268) of reports.
Pictogram(s)
Oxidizer
Corrosive
Irritant
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H272 (27.2%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H290 (13.5%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H302 (53.2%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (13.5%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H315 (44.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (44.3%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (47.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (13.6%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P210, P220, P234, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P390, P405, P406, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1268 reports by companies from 26 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 4 of 1268 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 25 notifications provided by 1264 of 1268 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

9.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Ox. Sol. 3 (27.2%)

Met. Corr. 1 (13.5%)

Acute Tox. 4 (53.2%)

Skin Corr. 1B (13.5%)

Skin Irrit. 2 (44.3%)

Eye Dam. 1 (44.3%)

Eye Irrit. 2 (47.9%)

Acute Tox. 4 (13.6%)

Oxidizing solids - Category 3

Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 1 (blood)

Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure - Category 1 (blood)

9.1.3 Health Hazards

Dust causes mild irritation of eyes. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 140 (Calcium nitrate)

· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

9.1.4 Fire Hazards

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: May give off toxic oxides of nitrogen when involved in fire.

Behavior in Fire: Greatly intensifies the burning of all combustible materials. (USCG, 1999)

U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 140 (Calcium nitrate)

CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).

· These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.

· Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.

· May explode from heat or contamination.

· Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).

· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).

· Containers may explode when heated.

· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with combustible substances.

9.1.5 Hazards Summary

Ingestion, e.g., infants drinking contaminated well water, could induce methemoglobinemia; [HSDB] May cause mild irritation of eyes; [CAMEO]

9.1.6 Fire Potential

IT IS A POWERFUL OXIDIZING AGENT & PRESENTS A DANGEROUS FIRE ... HAZARD.
International Labour Office. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th edition, Volumes 1-4 1998. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1998., p. 104.59

9.1.7 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

CALCIUM NITRATE HAS AN IRRITATING ... ACTION ON SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANES.
International Labour Office. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th edition, Volumes 1-4 1998. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1998., p. 104.59

9.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

9.2.1 Explosive Limits and Potential

PRESENTS A DANGEROUS ... EXPLOSION HAZARD.
International Labour Office. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th edition, Volumes 1-4 1998. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1998., p. 104.59
... MAY EXPLODE IF SHOCKED OR HEATED.
Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993, p. 205

9.3 First Aid Measures

Inhalation First Aid
Fresh air, rest.
Skin First Aid
First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.
Eye First Aid
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Ingestion First Aid
Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

9.3.1 First Aid

EYES or SKIN: flush with water and seek medical assistance. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 140 (Calcium nitrate)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingestedor inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuouscompressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

9.4 Fire Fighting

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

9.4.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 192
Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 192

9.5 Accidental Release Measures

Public Safety: ERG 2024, Guide 140 (Calcium nitrate)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

Spill or Leak: ERG 2024, Guide 140 (Calcium nitrate)

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Small Dry Spill

· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

Small Liquid Spill

· Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

9.5.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuation: ERG 2024, Guide 140 (Calcium nitrate)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

Fire

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

9.5.2 Spillage Disposal

Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

9.5.3 Disposal Methods

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

9.5.4 Preventive Measures

PROCESSES EMPLOYING CALCIUM NITRATE SHOULD BE MECHANIZED TO GREATEST POSSIBLE EXTENT. EXHAUST VENTILATION SHOULD BE INSTALLED TO COLLECT AIRBORNE DUST ...
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 359
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 192
Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994., p. 192
SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

9.6 Handling and Storage

9.6.1 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

9.6.2 Safe Storage

Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. Dry.

9.6.3 Storage Conditions

IT SHOULD NOT BE STORED NEAR ORG OR EASILY OXIDIZABLE MATERIALS.
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 359

9.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

Protective Clothing: ERG 2024, Guide 140 (Calcium nitrate)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

9.7.1 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines

Emergency Response: ERG 2024, Guide 140 (Calcium nitrate)

Small Fire

· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with water from a distance.

· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided.

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

9.7.2 Inhalation Risk

A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

9.7.3 Effects of Short Term Exposure

May cause mechanical irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract. Ingestion could cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

9.7.4 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Dust respirator and rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Protective clothing including overalls, gloves and footwear should be worn.
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 359
... SOME OPERATIONS MAY NECESSITATE USE OF RESP PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & GOGGLES.
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 359

9.7.5 Preventions

Fire Prevention
NO contact with flammables.
Exposure Prevention
PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!
Inhalation Prevention
Use local exhaust or breathing protection.
Skin Prevention
Protective gloves.
Eye Prevention
Wear safety spectacles.
Ingestion Prevention
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

9.8 Stability and Reactivity

9.8.1 Air and Water Reactions

Deliquescent. Water soluble.

9.8.2 Reactive Group

Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic

9.8.3 Reactivity Alerts

Strong Oxidizing Agent

9.8.4 Reactivity Profile

An oxidizing agent. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in the fire or the combustible material is finely divided an explosion may result. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in an explosion. May explode if shocked or heated [Hawley]. Heating causes release of toxic oxides of nitrogen. Mixtures with alkyl esters may explode owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979 p. 108-109].

9.8.5 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Forms powerfully explosive mixtures with aluminum + ammonium nitrate + formamide + water, ammonium nitrate + hydrocarbon oils, ammonium nitrate + water-soluble fuels, and organic materials.
Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 635
Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 635

9.9 Transport Information

9.9.1 DOT Emergency Guidelines

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Health: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CALCIUM NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.9.2 Shipping Name / Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO

UN 1454; Calcium nitrate
IMO 5.1; Calcium nitrate

9.9.3 Standard Transportation Number

49 187 16; Calcium nitrate

9.9.4 Shipment Methods and Regulations

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 15, 2006: https://www.ecfr.gov
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
International Air Transport Association. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 47th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2006., p. 156
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.
International Maritime Organization. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. London, UK. 2004., p. 67

9.9.5 DOT Label

Oxidizer

9.9.6 UN Classification

UN Hazard Class: 5.1; UN Pack Group: III

9.10 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Nitric acid, calcium salt
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Nitric acid, calcium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001318 Approved with controls

9.10.1 FDA Requirements

Calcium nitrate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
21 CFR 175.105 (4/1/99)

9.11 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - Nitric acid, calcium salt: Human health tier I assessment

IMAP assessments - Nitric acid, calcium salt: Environment tier I assessment

10 Toxicity

10.1 Toxicological Information

10.1.1 Toxicity Summary

Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613)
A2450: Keszler A, Piknova B, Schechter AN, Hogg N: The reaction between nitrite and oxyhemoglobin: a mechanistic study. J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 11;283(15):9615-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705630200. Epub 2008 Jan 17. PMID:18203719
L1613: Wikipedia. Methemoglobinemia. Last Updated 22 July 2009. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methemoglobinemia

10.1.2 Carcinogen Classification

Carcinogen Classification
Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135)

10.1.3 Health Effects

Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137)
L1137: ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/nitrate/nitrate.html

10.1.4 Exposure Routes

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.
Oral (L1137) ; inhalation (L1137)
L1137: ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/nitrate/nitrate.html

10.1.5 Symptoms

Inhalation Exposure
Cough. Sore throat.
Eye Exposure
Redness.
Ingestion Exposure
Abdominal pain. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness.
Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137)
L1137: ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/nitrate/nitrate.html

10.1.6 Adverse Effects

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

10.1.7 Acute Effects

10.1.8 Toxicity Data

LD50: 302 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)
T14: Lewis RJ (1996). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

10.1.9 Treatment

Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613)
L1613: Wikipedia. Methemoglobinemia. Last Updated 22 July 2009. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methemoglobinemia

10.1.10 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/
Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994., p. 252
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/
Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994., p. 252-3

10.1.11 Human Toxicity Excerpts

CALCIUM NITRATE APPLIED AT 0.001 MOLAR...IN ISOTONIC NACL.../TO EYE/ CAUSES NO DISCOMFORT OR DISTURBANCE OTHER THAN THAT IT CURDLES PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM IN MANNER SIMILAR TO EFFECT OF EXTREMES OF ACIDITY & ALKALINITY, PRESUMABLY BECAUSE OF ACTION OF CALCIUM ION ON LIPID LAYER.
Grant, W. M. Toxicology of the Eye. 2nd ed. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1974., p. 224
CALCIUM NITRATE HAS AN IRRITATING & CAUTERIZING ACTION ON SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANES.
International Labour Office. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th edition, Volumes 1-4 1998. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1998., p. 104.59
CYANOSIS AMONG INFANTS WHO DRINK WELL WATER IS A FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF NITRATE TOXICITY. /NITRATE SALTS/
Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. II-124

10.1.12 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

In pigs fed large amt of whey, addition of 40 g of calcium nitrate per 100 L of milk (the amt usually advocated to prevent fermentation in cheese-making) could lead to toxic effects if the whole of the nitrate were converted into nitrite, as might occur during a warm season after prolonged storage of the whey.
Clarke, M. L., D. G. Harvey and D. J. Humphreys. Veterinary Toxicology. 2nd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1981., p. 67
Calcium nitrate soln (0.5, 0.25 M), alone or in combination with sucrose, were toxic to stem and flower (carnation) tissue prior to freezing. Calcium nitrate alone offered no protection at -4 °C. Flowers pretreated with 0.125 M calcium nitrate appeared translucent or water-soaked after 5 days at -4 °C.
Heins RD et al; The influence of sucrose, ethanol and calcium nitrate on the freezing-point and long-term low-temperature storage of carnation flowers; Sci Hortic (Amsterdam) 14 (3): 269-75 (1981)
Acute toxicity of nitrogen fertilizers for Daphnia magna, Planaria tigrina, and Poecilia reticulata in experiments lasting 120 hr in water at pH 6.0-6.5 or 7.5-7.8 was studied. Calcium nitrate has relatively low toxicity for fish and aquatic animals.
Svec J; Effect of industrial nitrogen fertilizers on some aquatic animals; Cesk Hyg 29 (3): 141-7 (1984)

10.1.13 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Rat oral 302 mg/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 635

11 Literature

11.1 Consolidated References

11.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

11.3 Springer Nature References

11.4 Wiley References

11.5 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

11.6 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

11.7 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

12 Patents

12.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

12.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

12.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

12.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

12.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

13 Interactions and Pathways

13.1 Chemical-Target Interactions

14 Biological Test Results

14.1 BioAssay Results

15 Classification

15.1 MeSH Tree

15.2 ChEBI Ontology

15.3 ChemIDplus

15.4 CAMEO Chemicals

15.5 UN GHS Classification

15.6 EPA CPDat Classification

15.7 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

15.8 EPA DSSTox Classification

15.9 Consumer Product Information Database Classification

15.10 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

15.11 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

15.12 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

16 Information Sources

  1. Athena Minerals
    LICENSE
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  2. Handbook of Mineralogy
  3. RRUFF Project
  4. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
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    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  6. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  7. EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
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    https://www.epa.gov/web-policies-and-procedures/epa-disclaimers#copyright
    Nitric acid, calcium salt (2:1)
    https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting
  8. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    Nitric acid, calcium salt (2:1)
    https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  9. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  10. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
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    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
  11. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
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    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  12. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  13. ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
  14. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
    LICENSE
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.
    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  15. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
  16. Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
  17. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
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    https://haz-map.com/About
  18. ChEBI
  19. Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
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    http://www.t3db.ca/downloads
  20. ChEMBL
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    http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html
  21. Consumer Product Information Database (CPID)
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    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/contents/view/1/6
    Consumer Products Category Classification
    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/
  22. Crystallography Open Database (COD)
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    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
  23. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
  24. NITE-CMC
    Calcium nitrate - FY2010 (Revised classification)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/10-mhlw-2024e.html
    Calcium nitrate - FY2009 (New/original classication)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/09-mhlw-0052e.html
  25. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
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    http://www.hmdb.ca/citing
  26. Springer Nature
  27. Wikidata
  28. Wikipedia
  29. Wiley
  30. PubChem
  31. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  32. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  33. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
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    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  34. EPA Substance Registry Services
  35. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  36. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
  37. NCBI
CONTENTS