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Monoethanolamine

PubChem CID
700
Structure
Monoethanolamine_small.png
Monoethanolamine_3D_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • Ethanolamine
  • 2-aminoethanol
  • monoethanolamine
  • 141-43-5
  • 2-Hydroxyethylamine
Molecular Weight
61.08 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Dates
  • Create:
    2004-09-16
  • Modify:
    2025-01-18
Description
Ethanolamine appears as a clear colorless liquid with an odor resembling that of ammonia. Flash point 185 °F. May attack copper, brass, and rubber. Corrosive to tissue. Moderately toxic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
Ethanolamine is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethane with an amino substituent at C-1 and a hydroxy substituent at C-2, making it both a primary amine and a primary alcohol. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a primary amine, a primary alcohol and a member of ethanolamines. It is a conjugate base of an ethanolaminium(1+).
A viscous, hygroscopic amino alcohol with an ammoniacal odor. It is widely distributed in biological tissue and is a component of lecithin. It is used as a surfactant, fluorimetric reagent, and to remove CO2 and H2S from natural gas and other gases.
See also: Ethanolamine Oleate (has salt form); Ethanolamine Hydrochloride (has salt form); Ciclopirox Olamine (part of) ... View More ...

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Monoethanolamine.png

1.2 3D Conformer

1.3 Crystal Structures

2 Biologic Description

SVG Image
SVG Image
IUPAC Condensed
H-Gly-ol
Sequence
G
HELM
PEPTIDE1{[C(CO)N]}$$$$
IUPAC
glycinol

3 Names and Identifiers

3.1 Computed Descriptors

3.1.1 IUPAC Name

2-aminoethanol
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)

3.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C2H7NO/c3-1-2-4/h4H,1-3H2
Computed by InChI 1.07.0 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)

3.1.3 InChIKey

HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.07.0 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)

3.1.4 SMILES

C(CO)N
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

3.2 Molecular Formula

C2H7NO
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)

C2H7NO

H2NCH2CH2OH

3.3 Other Identifiers

3.3.1 CAS

141-43-5
12220-07-4
9007-33-4

3.3.3 Deprecated CAS

2122854-11-7, 2169804-94-6, 9007-33-4
9007-33-4

3.3.4 European Community (EC) Number

3.3.5 UNII

3.3.6 UN Number

3.3.7 ChEBI ID

3.3.8 ChEMBL ID

3.3.9 DrugBank ID

3.3.10 DSSTox Substance ID

3.3.11 HMDB ID

3.3.12 ICSC Number

3.3.13 KEGG ID

3.3.14 Metabolomics Workbench ID

3.3.15 NCI Thesaurus Code

3.3.16 Nikkaji Number

3.3.17 RTECS Number

3.3.18 RXCUI

3.3.19 Wikidata

3.3.20 Wikipedia

3.4 Synonyms

3.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • 2 Aminoethanol
  • 2-Aminoethanol
  • Colamine
  • Ethanolamine
  • Monoethanolamine

3.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

4 Chemical and Physical Properties

4.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
61.08 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
XLogP3
Property Value
-1.3
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
61.052763847 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
61.052763847 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
46.3 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
4
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
10
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2024.11.20)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

4.2 Experimental Properties

4.2.1 Physical Description

Ethanolamine appears as a clear colorless liquid with an odor resembling that of ammonia. Flash point 185 °F. May attack copper, brass, and rubber. Corrosive to tissue. Moderately toxic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
NKRA; Liquid
Colorless, viscous liquid or solid (below 51 degrees F) with an unpleasant, ammonia-like odor; [NIOSH]
Liquid
COLOURLESS VISCOUS HYGROSCOPIC LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.
Colorless, viscous liquid or solid (below 51 °F) with an unpleasant, ammonia-like odor.

4.2.2 Color / Form

Colorless, viscous liquid or solid (below 51 °F)
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

4.2.3 Odor

Unpleasant, ammonia-like
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

4.2.4 Boiling Point

338 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
171 °C
PhysProp
170.3 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-246
171 °C
339 °F

4.2.5 Melting Point

50.5 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
10.5 °C
PhysProp
10.4 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-246
Deliquescent crystals from alcohol, mp: 75-77 °C /Hydrochloride/
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 690
10.5 °C
10 °C
51 °F

4.2.6 Flash Point

200 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
86 °C
86 °C (187 °F)
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
185 °F (85 °C) (closed cup)
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-56
85 °C c.c.
186 °F

4.2.7 Solubility

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
1000000 mg/L
RIDDICK,JA ET AL. (1986)
In water, 1X10+6 mg/L at 25 °C (miscible)
Riddick, J.A., W.B. Bunger, Sakano T.K. Techniques of Chemistry 4th ed., Volume II. Organic Solvents. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons., 1985., p. 702
Miscible with methanol, acetone, glycerin; solubility at 25 °C: in benzene: 1.4%, in ether: 2.1%, in carbon tetrachloride: 0.2%, in n-heptane: less than 0.1%. Immiscible with ether, solvent hexane, fixed oils, although it dissolves many essential oils
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 690
Miscible with ethanol, glycerol; soluble in chloroform; slightly soluble in ether, ligroin
Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2670
1000.0 mg/mL
Solubility in water: freely soluble
Miscible

4.2.8 Density

1.016 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1.0180 g/cu cm at 20 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-246
Relative density (water = 1): 1.02
1.02

4.2.9 Vapor Density

2.1 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
2.1 (Air = 1)
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 12th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2012., p. V3: 1959
Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.1
2.1

4.2.10 Vapor Pressure

0.4 mmHg at 68 °F ; 6 mmHg at 140 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
0.4 [mmHg]
VP: 6 mm Hg at 60 °C
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 12th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2012., p. V3: 1959
0.404 mm Hg at 25 °C
Dow Chemical; The Alkanolamine Handbook Midland, MI: Dow Chemical (1980)
Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 53
0.4 mmHg

4.2.11 LogP

-1.31
HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
log Kow = -1.31
Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., 1995., p. 5
-1.31
HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
-1.31 (estimated)

4.2.12 Stability / Shelf Life

Chemical stability: Absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2) from air. Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Affected by light.
Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980., p. 1256

4.2.13 Autoignition Temperature

770 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
770 °F (410 °C)
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-56
410 °C

4.2.14 Decomposition

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1608

4.2.15 Viscosity

18.95 cP at 25 °C; 5.03 cP at 60 °C
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 690

4.2.16 Heat of Combustion

-10710 Btu/lb = -5950 cal/g = -249X10+5 J/kg
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

4.2.17 Heat of Vaporization

49.83 kJ/mol at 171 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 6-137

4.2.18 pH

25% aqueous solution: 12.1; 0.1 N aqueous solution: 12.05
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 690

4.2.19 Ionization Potential

8.96 eV

4.2.20 Odor Threshold

Odor Threshold Low: 2.6 [mmHg]

Odor Threshold High: 5.0 [mmHg]

Odor threshold (detect at 2.6 ppm and recognize at 5 ppm) from CHEMINFO

Water odor threshold: 20000 mg/L at pKa of 9.5. Air odor threshold: 2.6 ppm. Odor Safety Class: C. C= Odor safety factor from 1-26. Less than 50% of distracted persons perceive warning of TLV.
Amoore JE, Hautala E; J Appl Toxicol 3 (6): 272-90 (1983)
50% detection: 3-4 ppm; detection: 7.5-10 mg/m3
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001, p. 1060

4.2.21 Refractive Index

Index of refraction: 1.4541 at 20 degC/D
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-246

4.2.22 Dissociation Constants

pKa
9.5
PERRIN,DD (1972)
pKa = 9.50 at 25 °C (conjugate acid)
Perrin DD; Dissociation constants of organic bases in aqueous solution. IUPAC Chem Data Ser, Buttersworth, London (1972)

4.2.23 Kovats Retention Index

Standard non-polar
698 , 643 , 680
Standard polar
1402 , 1411 , 1413 , 1427 , 1450 , 1470

4.2.24 Other Experimental Properties

Hygroscopic
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 514
1 gal weighs 8.45 lb (USA); absorbs carbon dioxide; hygroscopic liquid; Dipole moment: 2.27
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 690
Dissolves many essential oils
Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980., p. 1256
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 7.2X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C
Borduas N et al; Environ Sci Technol 47: 6377-83 (2013)

4.3 SpringerMaterials Properties

4.4 Chemical Classes

Nitrogen Compounds -> Ethanolamines

4.4.1 Drugs

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15
S55 | ZINC15PHARMA | Pharmaceuticals from ZINC15 | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3247749
4.4.1.1 Animal Drugs
Pharmaceuticals -> UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate List
S104 | UKVETMED | UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate's List | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7802119

4.4.2 Cosmetics

Cosmetic ingredients (Ethanolamine) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)
Cosmetic ingredients (Monoethanolamine) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)
Buffering
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

4.4.3 Food Additives

WASHING OR SURFACE REMOVAL AGENT -> FDA Substance added to food

4.4.4 Fragrances

Fragrance Ingredient (Ethanol, 2-amino-) -> IFRA transparency List

5 Spectral Information

5.1 1D NMR Spectra

1 of 2
1D NMR Spectra
1H NMR: 9143 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
2 of 2
1D NMR Spectra

5.1.1 1H NMR Spectra

1 of 6
View All
Spectra ID
Instrument Type
Varian
Frequency
600 MHz
Solvent
Water
pH
7.00
Shifts [ppm]:Intensity
3.82:71.75, 3.14:96.41, 3.13:58.84, 3.13:100.00, 3.12:91.28, 3.81:84.81, 3.80:75.59
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Spectra ID
Instrument Type
JEOL
Frequency
90 MHz
Solvent
CDCl3
Shifts [ppm]:Intensity
2.46:47.00, 3.45:61.00, 3.52:560.00, 2.51:58.00, 2.40:36.00, 2.42:40.00, 2.73:1000.00, 2.96:38.00, 2.85:528.00, 2.43:42.00, 2.52:60.00, 2.48:49.00, 2.79:930.00, 3.41:30.00, 2.45:45.00, 3.64:413.00, 3.71:30.00, 2.49:52.00, 3.58:723.00, 2.52:62.00, 2.42:39.00, 2.49:51.00, 2.48:51.00, 2.97:33.00, 2.40:35.00, 2.44:44.00, 2.47:48.00, 3.45:64.00, 2.46:49.00, 2.38:30.00
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5.1.2 13C NMR Spectra

1 of 6
View All
Spectra ID
Instrument Type
Bruker
Frequency
125 MHz
Solvent
Water
pH
7.00
Shifts [ppm]:Intensity
0.00:2.82, 60.49:19.00, 44.19:14.20
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Spectra ID
Frequency
400 MHz
Solvent
H2O
Shifts [ppm]
44.19, 60.49
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5.1.3 15N NMR Spectra

Instrument Name
Varian DP-60
Copyright
Copyright © 2002-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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5.2 2D NMR Spectra

5.2.1 1H-1H NMR Spectra

2D NMR Spectra Type
1H-1H TOCSY
Spectra ID
Shifts [ppm] (F2:F1)
3.14:3.82, 3.83:3.14, 3.14:3.14, 3.83:3.82
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5.2.2 1H-13C NMR Spectra

2D NMR Spectra Type
1H-13C HSQC
Spectra ID
Instrument Type
Bruker
Frequency
600 MHz
Solvent
Water
pH
7.00
Shifts [ppm] (F2:F1):Intensity
3.81:60.58:0.68, 3.13:44.19:1.00
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5.3 Mass Spectrometry

5.3.1 GC-MS

1 of 17
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Spectra ID
Instrument Type
EI-B
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

30.0 99.99

28.0 9.52

31.0 4.89

29.0 3.49

42.0 3.23

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Notes
instrument=HITACHI RMU-7M
2 of 17
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Spectra ID
Instrument Type
EI-B
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

30.0 99.99

29.0 11

42.0 10

31.0 9.20

61.0 9

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Notes
instrument=HITACHI M-68

5.3.2 MS-MS

1 of 7
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Spectra ID
Instrument Type
Quattro_QQQ
Ionization Mode
Positive
Top 5 Peaks

62.0 100

44.0 93.90

45.0 9.47

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Notes
delivery=Flow_Injectionanalyzer=Triple_Quad
2 of 7
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Spectra ID
Ionization Mode
Positive
Top 5 Peaks
62.06002 100
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5.3.3 LC-MS

1 of 8
View All
Authors
Kakazu Y, Horai H, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio Univ.
Instrument
API3000, Applied Biosystems
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QQ
MS Level
MS2
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Collision Energy
10 V
Precursor m/z
62
Precursor Adduct
[M+H]+
Top 5 Peaks

62 999

44 145

44.7 11

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License
CC BY-NC-SA
2 of 8
View All
Authors
Kakazu Y, Horai H, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio Univ.
Instrument
API3000, Applied Biosystems
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QQ
MS Level
MS2
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Collision Energy
20 V
Precursor m/z
62
Precursor Adduct
[M+H]+
Top 5 Peaks

44.1 999

44.9 426

61.9 264

43.2 19

13.8 13

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License
CC BY-NC-SA

5.3.4 Other MS

1 of 5
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Other MS
MASS: 34160 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral Database, 1990 version)
2 of 5
View All
Authors
TAJIMA S, GUNMA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
Instrument
HITACHI RMU-7M
Instrument Type
EI-B
MS Level
MS
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Ionization
ENERGY 70 eV
Top 5 Peaks

30 999

28 95

31 49

29 35

42 32

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License
CC BY-NC-SA

5.4 UV Spectra

UV: 2260 (Absorption Spectra in the UV and visible Regions, Academic Press, New York)
Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2670

5.5 IR Spectra

IR Spectra
IR: 123 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection)

5.5.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
PERKIN-ELMER 1710
Technique
NEAT
Source of Sample
Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS
Technique
Neat (KBr)
Source of Spectrum
Forensic Spectral Research
Copyright
Copyright © 2012-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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5.5.2 ATR-IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
PerkinElmer SpectrumTwo
Technique
ATR-IR
Copyright
Copyright © 2013-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog Number
110167
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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5.5.3 Vapor Phase IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
DIGILAB FTS-14
Technique
Vapor Phase
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker IFS 85
Technique
Gas-GC
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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5.6 Raman Spectra

1 of 3
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Raman Spectra
Raman: 1007 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
2 of 3
View All
Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS 175C with Raman accessory
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Sample
The C.P. Hall Company
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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7 Chemical Vendors

8 Drug and Medication Information

8.1 Drug Indication

8.2 Biomarker Information

9 Food Additives and Ingredients

9.1 FDA Substances Added to Food

Used for (Technical Effect)
WASHING OR SURFACE REMOVAL AGENT

9.2 Associated Foods

10 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

10.1 FDA Pharmacological Classification

FDA UNII
5KV86114PT
Active Moiety
ETHANOLAMINE
Pharmacological Classes
Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - Sclerosing Activity
Pharmacological Classes
Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Sclerosing Agent
Pharmacological Classes
Physiologic Effects [PE] - Vascular Sclerosing Activity
FDA Pharmacology Summary
Ethanolamine is a Sclerosing Agent. The mechanism of action of ethanolamine is as a Sclerosing Activity. The physiologic effect of ethanolamine is by means of Vascular Sclerosing Activity.

10.2 Bionecessity

Monoethanolamine (MEA) is present in nature as a nitrogenous base in phospholipids. These lipids, composed of glycerol, two fatty acid esters, phosphoric acid, and MEA, are the building blocks of biomembranes in animals. MEA is methylated to form choline, another important nitrogenous base in phospholipids and an essential vitamin. The rat dietary choline requirement is 10 mg/kg/d.
Knaak JB et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 149: 1-86 (1997)
... The backbone of a phospholipid molecule /of the eukaryotic cell membrane/ is glycerol with ... the third /-OH/ group esterified by a phosphate group and a nitrogenous compound (... ethanolamine ...).
International Labour Office. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th edition, Volumes 1-4 1998. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1998., p. 33.8
/Ethanolamine/ is an endogenous alkanolamine biosynthesized from serine by decarboxylation. It is a principal precursor of phosphoglycerides, which are important elements in the structure of biologic membranes, and choline.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 4:782

10.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

The principal route of exposure is through skin, with some exposure occurring by inhalation of vapor and aerosols. Monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) in water penetrate rat skin at the rate of 2.9 x 10(-3), 4.36 x 10(-3) and 18 x 10(-3) cm/hr, respectively. MEA, DEA, and TEA are water-soluble ammonia derivatives, with pHs of 9-11 in water and pHa values of 9.3, 8.8, and 7.7, respectively.
Knaak JB et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 149: 1-86 (1997)
The excretion rate in men was found to vary between 4.8 and 22.9 mg/day with a mean of 0.162 mg/kg /body weight/. 11 women were observed to excrete larger amounts, varying between 7.7 and 34.9 mg/day with a mean excretion rate of 0.492 mg/kg/day. The excretion rates in animals were approximately, for cats, 0.47 mg/kg/day; for rats, 1.46 mg/kg/day; and for rabbits, 1.0 mg/kg/day. From 6-47% of monoethanolamine administered to rats can be recovered in the urine.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V4 782
Persistence of low levels of radioactivity in dog whole blood was obtained after admin of (14)C-labeled ethanolamine. Excretion of radioactivity as % of dose in dog urine was 11. After 24 hr total blood radioactivity as % of dose was 1.69.
Rhodes C, Case DE; Xenobiotica 7 (1-2): 112 (1977)
/Ethanolamine/ is a normal urine constituent in man, excreted at a rate of 5-23 mg/day ... 40 percent of an administered dose is deaminated and excreted as urea.
Zenz, C., O.B. Dickerson, E.P. Horvath. Occupational Medicine. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO., 1994, p. 707
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.4 Metabolism / Metabolites

Ethanolamine can be used as a source of carbon and nitrogen by phylogenetically diverse bacteria. Ethanolamine-ammonia lyase, the enzyme that breaks ethanolamine into acetaldehyde and ammonia, is encoded by the gene tandem eutBC. Despite extensive studies of ethanolamine utilization in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, much remains to be learned about EutBC structure and catalytic mechanism, about the evolutionary origin of ethanolamine utilization, and about regulatory links between the metabolism of ethanolamine itself and the ethanolamine-ammonia lyase cofactor adenosylcobalamin. We used computational analysis of sequences, structures, genome contexts, and phylogenies of ethanolamine-ammonia lyases to address these questions and to evaluate recent data-mining studies that have suggested an association between bacterial food poisoning and the diol utilization pathways. We found that EutBC evolution included recruitment of a TIM barrel and a Rossmann fold domain and their fusion to N-terminal alpha-helical domains to give EutB and EutC, respectively. This fusion was followed by recruitment and occasional loss of auxiliary ethanolamine utilization genes in Firmicutes and by several horizontal transfers, most notably from the firmicute stem to the Enterobacteriaceae and from Alphaproteobacteria to Actinobacteria. We identified a conserved DNA motif that likely represents the EutR-binding site and is shared by the ethanolamine and cobalamin operons in several enterobacterial species, suggesting a mechanism for coupling the biosyntheses of apoenzyme and cofactor in these species. Finally, we found that the food poisoning phenotype is associated with the structural components of metabolosome more strongly than with ethanolamine utilization genes or with paralogous propanediol utilization genes per se.
Tsoy O et al; J Bacteriol 191 (23): 7157-64 (2009)
Forty percent of (15)N-labeled ethanolamine appears as urea within 24 hr when it is given to rabbits, suggesting that it is deaminated. In rat liver homogenates, ethanolamine undergoes demethylation yielding formaldehyde.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V4 782
Ethanolamine is a normal intermediate in the metabolism of some animal species, having a part in the formation of phospholipids and choline.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. 7th Ed. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2013., p. 2
The distribution and metabolism of topical (14)C ethanolamine was studied in vivo, using athymic nude mice, human skin grafted onto athymic nude mice, and in vitro, using excised pig skin. Ethanolamine was the only radioactive phospholipid base detected in the human skin grafts, in the mouse skin, and in the pig skin. Ethanolamine that penetrated human skin grafts or mouse skin was extensively metabolized in the animal. The liver is a major site for metabolism of ethanolamine, containing over 24% of the applied radioactive dose. The kidneys, lungs, brain, and the heart contained 2.53, 0.55, 0.27, and 0.15% of the dose, respectively. Hepatic, human skin graft, and mouse skin proteins were also highly radioactive. Over 18% of the topical radioactive dose oxidized to (14)CO2 and 4.6% was excreted in the urine over 24 hr. Urea, glycine, serine, choline, and uric acid were the urinary metabolites of ethanolamine.
Klain GJ et al; Fundam Appl Toxicol 5 (6 Pt 2): S127-33 (1985)
For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.5 Biological Half-Life

The half-life of the persistent low level of radioactivity in the blood /of dogs administered 14C-ethanolamine/ was 19 days.
Snyder, R. (ed.). Ethel Browning's Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. 2nd ed. Volume II: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Solvents. Amsterdam-New York-Oxford: Elsevier, 1990., p. 426
Labeled MEA was administered to dogs. ... After 24 hr ... the half-life was 19 days.
Christian M, ed; J American College of Toxicology 2 (7): 183-226 (1983)

10.6 Human Metabolite Information

10.6.1 Tissue Locations

  • Brain
  • Epidermis
  • Neuron
  • Pancreas
  • Placenta

10.6.2 Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm

10.6.3 Metabolite Pathways

10.7 Biochemical Reactions

10.8 Transformations

11 Use and Manufacturing

11.1 Uses

Cosmetic Ingredient Review Link
CIR ingredient: Ethanolamine
Cosmetic Ingredient Review Link
CIR ingredient: Monoethanolamine
EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Used as a scavenger for CO2 and H2S in natural gas; used in the synthesis of surface active agents, hair waving agents, hide softeners, agricultural chemicals, and antibiotics; [Merck Index, # 3727] Used in soaps, cosmetics, polishes, paints, cutting oils, and textile processing; [HSDB] Used in photography (color developing bath); [www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/medium.html]
Merck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., # 3727
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure

Metal Machining [Category: Heat or Machine]

Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing) [Category: Industry]

Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]

Photographic Processing [Category: Other]

Dressing Hair [Category: Other]

For 2-aminoethanol (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 011601) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System's Database on 2-Aminoethanol (141-43-5). Available from, as of February 12, 2015: https://npirspublic.ceris.purdue.edu/ppis/
The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered /pesticide/ products. ... "cancelled."
United States Environmental Protection Agency/ Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review. (1998) EPA 738-R-98-002, p. 308
To remove CO2 and H2S from natural gas and other gases; in the synthesis of surface active agents; in polishes, hair waving solutions, in emulsifiers; as softening agent for hides; dispersing agent for agricultural chemicals. Is reacted with other substances to form an accelerator in the manufacture of antibiotics. Pharmaceutics aid (surfactant; emulsifying and solubilizing agent)
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 691
Scrubbing acid gases (H2S, CO2), especially in synthesis of ammonia, from gas streams; nonionic detergents used in dry cleaning, wool treatment, emulsion paints, polishes, agricultural sprays; chemical intermediates, pharmaceuticals, corrosion inhibitor, rubber accelerator.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 514
For more Uses (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
This is an endogenously produced metabolite found in the human body. It is used in metabolic reactions, catabolic reactions or waste generation.

11.1.1 Use Classification

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Specialized Industrial Chemicals
Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues
Fragrance Ingredients
Hazard Classes and Categories -> Corrosives, Flammable - 2nd degree
Cosmetics -> Buffering
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118
EMISSION SCRUBBERS

11.1.2 Industry Uses

  • Corrosion inhibitor
  • Semiconductor and photovoltaic agent
  • Binder
  • Processing aids not otherwise specified
  • Other
  • Dye
  • Anti-freeze agent
  • pH regulating agent
  • Cleaning agent
  • Catalyst
  • Other (specify)
  • Surface modifier
  • Absorbent
  • Intermediate
  • Solvent
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Intermediates

11.1.3 Consumer Uses

  • Solvent
  • Intermediates
  • Etching agent
  • Processing aids, not otherwise listed
  • Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
  • Dye
  • Other

11.1.4 Household Products

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products

Information on 797 consumer products that contain Monoethanolamine (MEA) in the following categories is provided:

• Auto Products

• Commercial / Institutional

• Home Maintenance

• Inside the Home

• Landscaping/Yard

• Personal Care

• Pesticides

11.2 Methods of Manufacturing

Alkanolamines are typically manufactured from the corresponding olefin oxide and ammonia. Mono-, di-, and trialkanolamines are produced in the reactor and sent to downstream distillation columns for separation. The oxide-ammonia reaction is exothermic. Reaction rates decrease with increased carbon number of the oxide (ethylene oxide > propylene oxide > butylene oxide). Anhydrous or aqueous ammonia may be used, although anhydrous ammonia is typically used to favor monoalkanolamine production. Using anhydrous ammonia requires that the reactor be operated at higher temperature and pressure. Varying the ammonia to oxide ratio is the primary way to shift the product split among the mono-, di-, and trialkanolamines. A high ammonia to oxide ratio favors mono- production.
Jones C et al; Alkanolamines from Olefin Oxides and Ammonia. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (1999-2014). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Online Posting Date: September 17, 2004
Prepared on a large scale by ammonolysis of ethylene oxide; ... also from nitromethane and formaldehyde.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 690

11.3 Formulations / Preparations

GRADE: Technical; NF.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 514

11.4 Consumption Patterns

APPROXIMATELY 49% IS USED FOR GAS CONDITIONING (SCRUBBING); ESTIMATED CONSUMPTION PATTERN FOR MONO-, DI-, AND TRIETHANOLAMINES TOGETHER IS 37% FOR SYNTHESIS OF SOAPS AND DETERGENTS FOR TEXTILES, TOILET GOODS, METALS, AND OTHER SPECIALTY SURFACTANT USES; 22% FOR GAS CONDITIONING AND PETROLEUM USE; 20% EXPORTED; 5% FOR SYNTHESIS OF MORPHOLINES; 16% FOR MISC APPLICATIONS INCLUDING EMULSION POLISHES AND HERBICIDES (1973)
SRI

11.5 U.S. Production

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: 500,000,000 - <750,000,000 lb

2018: 500,000,000 - <750,000,000 lb

2017: 500,000,000 - <750,000,000 lb

2016: 500,000,000 - <750,000,000 lb

(1972) 3.7X10+10 G
SRI
(1975) 3.75X10+10 GRAMS
SRI
(1984) 198,274X10+3 LB
USITC. SYN ORG CHEM-U.S. PROD/SALES 1985 p.254
(1986) >100 million-500 million pounds
US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update Rule (IUR). Ethanol, 2-amino- (141-43-5). Available from, as of January 19, 2006: https://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002-vol.html
For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.6 U.S. Imports

(1972) 1.8X10+10 G
SRI

11.7 U.S. Exports

(1972) 7.4X10+9 G
SRI

11.8 General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
  • Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
  • Utilities
  • Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
  • Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
  • Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
  • Construction
  • Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
  • Wholesale and Retail Trade
  • Miscellaneous Manufacturing
  • Petroleum Refineries
  • Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
  • Paint and Coating Manufacturing
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
  • All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Ethanol, 2-amino-: ACTIVE
Annual Capacity (millions of pounds, Feb, 2005): Seadrift, TX - 430; Taft, LA - 220; Bayport, TX - 45; Port Neches, TX - 350; Plaquemine, LA - 300
SRI Consulting. 2005 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States, Menlo Park, CA. 2005, p. 584
Each year, an estimated 35,000 wells are hydraulically-fractured in the U.S. Although the oil and gas extraction industry as a whole has a relatively higher fatality rate compared to most of the U.S. general industry... there is currently no worker injury/illness or fatality data publicly available for hydraulic fracturing or flowback operations. Regardless of the availability of data, more workers are potentially exposed to the hazards created by hydraulic fracturing and flowback operations due to the large increase in the number of these operations in the past decade. /Hydraulic fracturing/
OSHA; Hydraulic Fracturing and Flowback Hazards Other than Respirable Silica, OSHA 3763-12 (2014). https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3763.pdf

11.9 Sampling Procedures

A procedure is described for personnel or area monitoring of ethanolamine in air. Alkanolamines are collected from air on AL2O3 /aluminum trioxide/ sampling tubes and desorbed with aq 1-octanesulfonic acid. Water is removed via lyophilization and the resulting salts are derivatized with 1-(heptafluorobutyryl)imidazole.
Langvardt PW, Melcher RG; Anal Chem 52 (4): 669-71 (1980)
NIOSH Method 3509. Analyte: 2-Aminoethanol. Matrix: Air. Sampler: Impinger (15 mL 2mM hexanesulfonic acid). Flow Rate: 0.5 to 1 L/min: Sample Size: 100 liter. Shipment: Routine. Sample Stability: Stable at least 3 weeks @ 20 °C.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd ed. Volumes 1 and 2 with 1985 supplement, and revisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1984., p. 3509-1
NIOSH Method 2007. Analyte: 2-Aminoethanol. Matrix: Air. Sampler: Solid sorbent tube (silica gel, 300 mg/150 mg). Flow Rate: 0.01 to 0.2 L/min: Sample Size: 20 liter. Shipment: Routine. Sample Stability: At least 4 weeks @ 25 °C.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd ed. Volumes 1 and 2 with 1985 supplement, and revisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1984., p. 2007-1

12 Identification

12.1 Analytic Laboratory Methods

Method: NIOSH 2007, Issue 2; Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detector; Analyte: 2-aminoethanol; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.005 mg/sample.
CDC; NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed. 2-Aminoethanol (141-43-5). Available from, as of February 20, 2015: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/
Method: NIOSH 3509, Issue 2; Procedure: ion chromatography; Analyte: 2-aminoethanol; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 7 mg/sample.
CDC; NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed. 2-Aminoethanol (141-43-5). Available from, as of February 20, 2015: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/
Method: OSHA PV2111; Procedure: high performance liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection; Analyte: 2-aminoethanol; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.06 ppm.
U.S. Department of Labor/Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Index of Sampling and Analytical Methods. Ethanolamine (141-43-5). Available from, as of February 20, 2015: https://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.html

12.2 NIOSH Analytical Methods

13 Safety and Hazards

13.1 Hazards Identification

13.1.1 GHS Classification

1 of 8
View All
Note
Pictograms displayed are for > 99.9% (4760 of 4762) of reports that indicate hazard statements. This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 4762) of reports.
Pictogram(s)
Corrosive
Irritant
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H302 (> 99.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (> 99.9%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (> 99.9%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (12.5%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (99.7%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (15.5%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H412 (12.7%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 4762 reports by companies from 90 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 4762 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 89 notifications provided by 4760 of 4762 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

13.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Acute Tox. 4 (> 99.9%)

Acute Tox. 4 (> 99.9%)

Skin Corr. 1B (> 99.9%)

Eye Dam. 1 (12.5%)

Acute Tox. 4 (99.7%)

STOT SE 3 (15.5%)

Aquatic Chronic 3 (12.7%)

Flam. Sol. 1 (100%)

Skin Sens. 1 (100%)

Aquatic Chronic 3 (100%)

13.1.3 NFPA Hazard Classification

1 of 2
View All
NFPA 704 Diamond
3-2-0
NFPA Health Rating
3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.
NFPA Fire Rating
2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.
NFPA Instability Rating
0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

13.1.4 EPA Safer Chemical

Chemical: Ethanolamine

Yellow triangle Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues. Specifically, a chemical with this code is not associated with a low level of hazard concern for all human health and environmental endpoints. (See Safer Choice Criteria). While it is a best-in-class chemical and among the safest available for a particular function, the function fulfilled by the chemical should be considered an area for safer chemistry innovation.

13.1.5 Health Hazards

Vapor irritates eyes and nose. Liquid causes local injury to mouth, throat, digestive tract, skin, and eyes. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 153 (Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.

· Methyl bromoacetate (UN2643) is an eye irritant/lachrymator (causes flow of tears).

· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.

· Avoid any skin contact.

· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

13.1.6 Fire Hazards

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors generated when heated. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 153 (Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution)

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.

· When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.

· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.

· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.

· Containers may explode when heated.

· Runoff may pollute waterways.

· Substance may be transported in a molten form.

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 85 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

13.1.7 Hazards Summary

Liquid causes first degree burns on short exposure; [CHRIS] Ethanolamine is a skin irritant. [Quick CPC] Occupational asthma reported in hairdressers; [Malo] Toxic to the liver in subchronic inhalation studies of animals; [ACGIH] It is an irritant, but allergic contact dermatitis has been reported. [Kanerva, p. 1817] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression; Can cause skin sensitization; [ICSC] Danger of skin sensitization; [MAK]
Quick CPC - Forsberg K, Mansdorf SZ. Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing, 5th Ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2007.
ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.
Kanerva - Rustemeyer L, Elsner P, John SM, Maibach HI (eds). Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology, 2nd Ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2012., p. 1817

13.1.8 Fire Potential

Combustible liquid.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-71

13.1.9 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Irritating to skin, eyes, respiratory system.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-71
Monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) are irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, with MEA being the worst irritant, followed by DEA and TEA.
Knaak JB et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 149: 1-86 (1997)

13.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

13.2.1 Flammable Limits

Lower flammable limit: 3.0% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 23.5% by volume at 140 °C
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-56
Flammability
Class IIIA Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 140 °F and below 200 °F.

13.2.2 Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

5.5 % (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
5.5%
(284 °F): 3.0%

13.2.3 Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

17 % (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
17%
23.5%

13.2.4 Critical Temperature & Pressure

Critical temperature: 671 K; Critical pressure: 8.0 MPa
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 6-59

13.2.5 Explosive Limits and Potential

Ethanolamine has a large affinity for carbon dioxide, and is used to remove it from process gas streams. A storage tank used to hold the amine had a steel steam coil to warm the contents, and the coil developed a pyrophoric deposit, probably from contact with sulfur-containing impurities. When part of the coil was not covered by the amine, the surface deposit caused a fire which ignited some of the ethanolamine in the closed tank until the air was exhausted and the fire went out. The combined effect of cooling of the hot gases in the tank and of the rapid absorption of the carbon dioxide produced in the fire caused a significant pressure reduction and the tank collapsed.
Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 309
Explosive limits , vol% in air: 5.5-17

13.2.6 OSHA Standards

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 3 ppm (6 mg/cu m).
29 CFR 1910.1000 (USDOL); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 4, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov
Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 3 ppm (8 mg/cu m); STEL 6 ppm (15 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 364

13.2.7 NIOSH Recommendations

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 3 ppm (8 mg/cu m).
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 6 ppm (15 mg/cu m).
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

13.3 First Aid Measures

Inhalation First Aid
Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.
Skin First Aid
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention .
Eye First Aid
Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.
Ingestion First Aid
Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

13.3.1 First Aid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
ERG 2024, Guide 153 (Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingestedor inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuouscompressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(See general first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

13.4 Fire Fighting

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

13.4.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Use water spray to cool unopened containers.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Use water spray, dry chemical "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-71
Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-71

13.5 Accidental Release Measures

Public Safety: ERG 2024, Guide 153 (Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

Spill or Leak: ERG 2024, Guide 153 (Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution)

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

13.5.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuation: ERG 2024, Guide 153 (Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Spill

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

Fire

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

13.5.2 Spillage Disposal

Personal protection: filter respirator for ammonia and organic ammonia derivatives adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking liquid in sealable plastic containers. Absorb remaining liquid in inert absorbent. Then wash away with plenty of water. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

13.5.3 Cleanup Methods

Accidental release measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations ... Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. If in liquid form, for small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. 4. If in solid form, allow to melt and follow (3) above.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.

13.5.4 Disposal Methods

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.
Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

13.5.5 Preventive Measures

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.
Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.6 Handling and Storage

13.6.1 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

13.6.2 Safe Storage

Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids, aluminium and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Ventilation along the floor. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

13.6.3 Storage Conditions

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Hygroscopic. Handle and store under inert gas.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Separate from oxidizing materials, acids, and halogens. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-71

13.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

Protective Clothing: ERG 2024, Guide 153 (Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAK)
0.2 [ppm]

13.7.2 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

3.0 [ppm]
PEL-TWA (8-Hour Time Weighted Average)
3 ppm (6 mg/m³)
TWA 3 ppm (6 mg/m3) See Appendix G

13.7.3 Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)

30 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

30.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: Cats exposed for 2 hours to vapors of ethanolamine at concentrations reaching 970 ppm displayed vomiting tendencies; mice had no adverse effects from the same exposures [Sidorov et al. 1968]. A single 8­hour exposure to concentrated vapors did not kill any of six rats [UCC 1970]. Guinea pigs survived a 15­minute exposure to ethanolamine at 193 ppm [Treon et al. 1957].

30 ppm
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

30 ppm

See: 141435

13.7.4 Threshold Limit Values (TLV)

3.0 [ppm]
TLV-STEL
6.0 [ppm]
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 3 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 6 ppm.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH 2014, p. 29
3 ppm as TWA; 6 ppm as STEL.
TLV-TWA (Time Weighted Average)
3 ppm [1985]
TLV-STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit)
6 ppm [1985]

13.7.5 Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)

EU-OEL
2.5 mg/m
MAK (Maximale Arbeitsplatz Konzentration)
0.51 mg/m

13.7.6 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines

Emergency Response: ERG 2024, Guide 153 (Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

13.7.7 Inhalation Risk

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

13.7.8 Effects of Short Term Exposure

The substance is corrosive to the skin and eyes. Corrosive on ingestion. The vapour is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. This may result in lowering of consciousness.

13.7.9 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Ethanolamine:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide: EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. (NIOSH, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Skin protection: Handle with gloves.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(See personal protection and sanitation codes)

Skin: Prevent skin contact - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: Prevent eye contact - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: When contaminated

Remove: When wet or contaminated

Change: Daily - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide: Eyewash - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

13.7.10 Respirator Recommendations

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 30 ppm:

(APF = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against the compound of concern*

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern

(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against the compound of concern*

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator*

(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece

Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions:

(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus

Escape:

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern

Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus

Important additional information about respirator selection

13.7.11 Preventions

Fire Prevention
NO open flames. Above 85 °C use a closed system and ventilation.
Exposure Prevention
STRICT HYGIENE! PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!
Inhalation Prevention
Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.
Skin Prevention
Protective gloves. Protective clothing.
Eye Prevention
Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
Ingestion Prevention
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

13.8 Stability and Reactivity

13.8.1 Air and Water Reactions

Water soluble with evolution of heat.

13.8.2 Reactive Group

Alcohols and Polyols

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

13.8.3 Reactivity Profile

ETHANOLAMINE is a base. Reacts with organic acids (acetic acid, acrylic acid), inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid), acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylonitrile, cellulose, epichlorohydrin, mesityl oxide, beta-propiolactone, vinyl acetate. Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1498].

13.8.4 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Incompatible materials: Strong acids and oxidizing agents, iron, copper, brass, rubber.
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Strong oxidizers, strong acids, iron [Note: May attack copper, brass, and rubber].
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
Strong alkali. Reacts with oxidizing materials, acids, halogenated hydrocarbons to produce heat. Reacts with iron producing an unstable and pyrophoric complex trisethanolaminoiron.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-71
Mixing acetic acid and 2-aminoethanol in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase. (It was observed when equimolar quantities of 2 chemicals were mixed in a closed container. In some cases the changes were solely vapor pressure effects due to heat of solution.)
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 491-6
For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.9 Transport Information

13.9.1 DOT Emergency Guidelines

/GUIDE 153 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution; Monoethanolamine/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 153 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution; Monoethanolamine/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 153 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution; Monoethanolamine/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 153 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Ethanolamine; Ethanolamine, solution; Monoethanolamine/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.9.2 DOT ID and Guide

13.9.3 Shipping Name / Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO

UN 2491; Ethanolamine or ethanolamine solutions
IMO 8; Ethanolamine or ethanolamine solutions

13.9.4 Shipment Methods and Regulations

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2 (USDOT); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 17, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
International Air Transport Association. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 55th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2014., p. 237
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.
International Maritime Organization. IMDG Code. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code Volume 2 2012, p. 123

13.9.5 DOT Label

Corrosive

13.9.6 Packaging and Labelling

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

13.9.7 UN Classification

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: III

13.10 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Ethanol, 2-amino-
The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: C.I. Acid Orange 86
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Ethanolamine: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
C.I. Acid Orange 86: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

13.10.1 Atmospheric Standards

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Ethanolamines are produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Ethanolamines/
40 CFR 60.489 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 4, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov

13.10.2 FIFRA Requirements

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. 2-Aminoethanol is found on List D. Case No: 4032; Pesticide type: Fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered. Therefore, we are characterizing the case as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): 2-Aminoehtanol; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled."
United States Environmental Protection Agency/ Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review. (1998) EPA 738-R-98-002, p. 308

13.10.3 FDA Requirements

Ethanolamine is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. /Ethanolamine/
21 CFR 175.105 (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 4, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov

13.11 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - Ethanol, 2-amino-: Environment tier I assessment

IMAP assessments - Ethanol, 2-amino-: Human health tier II assessment

13.11.1 Toxic Combustion Products

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sigma-Aldrich; Material Safety Data Sheet for Ethanolamine. Product Number: 411000, Version 5.8 (Revision Date 1/16/2015). Available from, as of February 19, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Combustion may produce irritants and toxic gases.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-71

13.11.2 Special Reports

Beyer KH Jr et al; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Triethanolamine, Diethanolamine, and Monoethanolamine; J Am Coll Toxicol 2 (7): 183-235 (1983). A review with 245 references of oral and dermal toxicity, skin irritation, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, sensitization, phototoxicity and photosensitization data on monoethanolamine.

14 Toxicity

14.1 Toxicological Information

14.1.1 Toxicity Summary

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2-Aminoethanol is a colorless, viscous liquid or solid (below 51 °F). It is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. The dual function groups, amino and hydroxyl, make it useful in cutting fluids and as intermediates in the production of surfactants, soaps, salts, corrosion control inhibitors, and in pharmaceutical and miscellaneous applications. 2-Aminoethanol and other amines appear to be potentially useful components of topical formulations used to decontaminate and protect the skin against chemical warfare agents. As a pharmaceutical adjuvant, it is used as a solvent for fats and oils, and in combination with fatty acids forms soaps in the formulations of various types of emulsion such as lotions and creams. It is used in hydraulic fracturing. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A concentration of 5.9% is irritating to human skin. Symptoms associated with CNS depression in humans include increased blood pressure, diuresis, salivation, and pupillary dilation. Large doses produce sedation, coma, and death following depression of blood pressure and cardiac collapse. 2-Aminoethanol inhalation by humans has been reported to cause immediate allergic responses of dyspnea and asthma and clinical symptoms of acute liver damage and chronic hepatitis. ANIMAL STUDIES: Undiluted liquid causes redness and swelling when applied to the skin of the rabbit. Administration of 2-aminoethanol by the intravenous route in dogs produced increased blood pressure, diuresis, salivation, and pupillary dilation. Rats, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs exposed to vapor or mist at high concentrations (up to 1250 ppm) developed pulmonary, hepatic, and renal lesions. In a 90-day subacute oral toxicity study of 2-aminoethanol in rats that a maximum daily dose of 0.32 g/kg resulted in no effect; 0.64 g/kg/day resulted in altered liver or kidney wt; and at 1.28 g/kg death occurred. It is considered to be liver toxin. No treatment-related effects were noted in dogs administered as much as 22 mg/kg/d of 2-aminoethanol for 2 yr. In developmental studies in rabbits maternal toxicity was seen at the two higher dose levels (25, 75 mg/kg body weight) as skin irritation and at the highest dose level as reduced weight gain. There was no treatment related effect on the incidence of any fetal variation or malformation or on the number of malformed fetuses. 2-Aminoethanol has been demonstrated to be non-mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay, with and without S9 metabolic activation, using TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98, and TA 100; and also negative in the Escherichia coli assay, Saccharomyces gene conversion assay, and rat liver chromosome assay. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Aquatic toxicity tests were conducted using zebra fish fry (Brachydanio rerio) and the unicellular algae Isochrysis galbana (a flagellate) and Chaetoceros gracilis (a diatom). Inhibition of cell division, chlorophyll content, and (14)CO2 uptake in the algae were sensitive end points. 2-Aminoethanol had an LC50 /in the zebra fish fry/ higher than 5,000 mg/L.

14.1.2 NIOSH Toxicity Data

14.1.3 Carcinogen Classification

Carcinogen Classification
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

14.1.4 Exposure Routes

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.
inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

14.1.5 Symptoms

Inhalation Exposure
Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Shortness of breath. Drowsiness.
Skin Exposure
MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Skin burns.
Eye Exposure
Redness. Pain. Severe burns.
Ingestion Exposure
Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shortness of breath. Shock or collapse.
irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; drowsiness

14.1.6 Target Organs

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

14.1.8 Adverse Effects

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.

14.1.9 Acute Effects

14.1.10 Toxicity Data

LC50 (mice) > 2,420mg/m3/2H

14.1.11 Interactions

... Here we investigated hair dye-induced dermatitis and hair loss using in vivo mouse model to uncover the causative ingredients. Commercially available hair dye products or combination of the ingredients of hair dye product were applied topically for 3 days on the dorsum of the female C57BL/6 mice and, dermatitis and hair loss were examined. The mice treated with hair dye products exhibited unequivocal signs of hair loss and dermatitis. To find out causative ingredients, combinations of the representative components of hair dye including reducing agents, the mixture of dye and monoethanolamine (MEA), ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) were applied and thereafter, hair loss and dermatitis were evaluated. All the groups treated with the combinations containing H(2)O(2) and neutralized dye mixture manifested hair loss and dermatitis. Subsequent experiments revealed that H(2)O(2) and MEA synergistically induced hair loss and dermatitis. Histological examination showed that oxidative stress may be the mechanism underlying hair-dye induced dermatitis. Consistently, H(2)O(2) and MEA synergistically induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. These results suggest that H(2)O(2) and MEA may be the key causative ingredients for hair dye-associated dermatitis and hair loss.
Seo JA et al; J Dermatol Sci 66 (1): 12-9 (2012)

14.1.12 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 194
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 194-5
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously ... . If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 195

14.1.13 Medical Surveillance

With monoethanolamine, if symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful: liver and kidney function tests. Evaluation by a qualified allergist, including careful exposure history and special testing, may help diagnose skin allergy.
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 1174

14.1.14 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Numerous publications address the skin sensitizing potential of the short chain alkanolamines triethanolamine (TEA), diethanolamine (DEA), monoethanolamine (MEA), which are not skin sensitizing according to animal studies ... MEA and DEA were patch tested ... in 9602 and 8791 patients, respectively when prevalence of contact allergy was 3.8% and 1.8%. MEA is the prominent allergen in metalworkers with exposure to water-based metalworking fluids (wbMWFs); DEA is probably used in cutting fluids less frequently nowadays. Chronic damage to the skin barrier resulting from wbMWF, the alkalinity of ethanolamines (increasing from TEA to MEA), and other cofactors may contribute to a notable sensitization risk.
Lessmann H et al; Contact Dermatitis 60 (5): 243-55 (2009)
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... When undiluted monoethanolamine is applied to human skin on gauze for 1 1/2 hr, only marked redness and infiltration of the skin result.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V4 780
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... A concentration of 5.9% ethanolamine is irritating to human skin.
Gillner M et al; Nord 29: 49-73 (1993)
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptoms associated with /CNS depression/ of the ethanolamines /in humans/ include increased blood pressure, diuresis, salivation, and pupillary dilation. Large doses produce sedation, coma, and death following depression of blood pressure and cardiac collapse. /Ethanolamines/
Snyder, R. (ed.). Ethel Browning's Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. 2nd ed. Volume II: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Solvents. Amsterdam-New York-Oxford: Elsevier, 1990., p. 428
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

14.1.15 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /Ethanolamine/ undiluted liquid causes redness and swelling when applied to the skin of the rabbit ...
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. 7th Ed. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2013., p. 1
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Administration of monoethanolamine by the intravenous route in dogs produced increased blood pressure, diuresis, salivation, and pupillary dilation ...
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V4 782
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In the eye /of rabbits/, a drop of ethanolamine causes injury slightly less than that /caused/ by ammonia (grade 9, on a 1 to 10 scale).
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. 7th Ed. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2013., p. 1
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /Investigators/ injected ip approximately 168 mg/kg of MEA into male albino mice every day for 4 days. Mice were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hr. At all times from 12 to 96 hr, the liver ethanol kinase levels of the treated mice were significantly higher than control mouse liver levels.
Christian M, ed; J American College of Toxicology 2 (7): 183-226 (1983)
For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (34 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

14.1.16 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Guinea pig oral 620 mg/kg body weight
European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, 2-Aminoethanol (141-43-5) (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of February 14, 2006: https://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
LD50 Rats oral 10.2 g/kg
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 691
LD50 Rat oral 3.32 g/kg
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. 7th Ed. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2013., p. 1
LD50 Rat oral 2,050 mg/kg
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 1173
For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

14.1.17 Ongoing Test Status

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; Click on the "Chemical Explorer" button on the tool bar to see the data./[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of December 8, 2014: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

14.2 Ecological Information

14.2.1 Ecotoxicity Values

EC50; Species: Pseudomonas putida (bacteria); Concentration: 12,200 mg/L for 2 hr; Effect: inhibition of NH3- oxidation /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001, p. 1062
LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish); Conditions: static; Concentration: 190 mg/L for 24 hr
Birdie AL et al; Water Res 13 (7): 623-6 (1979) Available from, as of February 16, 2006
LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish); Conditions: static; Concentration: 170 mg/L for 96 hr
Birdie AL et al; Water Res 13 (7): 623-6 (1979) Available from, as of February 16, 2006
LC50; Species: Gambusia affinis (Western mosquitofish); Concentration: 375 mg/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001, p. 1062
For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

14.2.2 Ecotoxicity Excerpts

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA) are compounds with potential acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity effects towards aquatic species. A literature review highlighted the existence of a gap in the knowledge on their toxicity with saltwater testing species. A battery of toxicity tests including the alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, the bivalve molluscs Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) and Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk), and the crustacean Artemia franciscana, was considered to update and improve the existing ecotoxicological information. Data were provided as the Effective Concentration that induces a 50% effect in the observed population (EC50), Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) and No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC). EC50, LOEC and NOEC values were compared with a reviewed database containing the existing ecotoxicological data from saltwater organisms.
Libralato G et al; J Hazard Mater 176 (1-3): 535-9 (2010)
/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The influence of monoethanolamine (MEA) as a CO(2) absorbent on photoautotrophic culture of CO(2)-fixing microalgae was investigated. When 300 ppm MEA (4.92 mM) was added to blank culture medium, the dissolved inorganic carbon and the molar absorption ratio increased to 51.0 mg/L and 0.34 mol CO2 = mol MEA, respectively, which was an almost 6-fold increase in CO(2) solubility. When free MEA up to 300 mg/L was added to a green alga Scenedesmus sp. culture that was supplied 5% (v/v) CO(2) at 0.1 vvm, both cell growth rate and final cell density were enhanced compared to when no MEA was added. The cell growth rate reached 288.6 mg/L/d, which was equivalent to 539.6 mg CO(2)/L/d as a CO(2)-fixation rate and enhancement of about 63.0% compared to not adding MEA. Chlorophyll-a content and nitrate consumption rate increased correspondingly. MEA doses higher than 400mg/L inhibited cell growth, probably due to toxicity of the carbamate intermediate.
Choi W et al; Bioresour Technol 120: 295-9 (2012)
/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Aquatic toxicity tests were conducted using zebra fish fry (Brachydanio rerio) and the unicellular algae Isochrysis galbana (a flagellate) and Chaetoceros gracilis (a diatom). Inhibition of cell division, chlorophyll content, and (14)CO2 uptake in the algae were sensitive end points. ... Monoethanolamine had an LC50 /in the zebra fish fry/ higher than 5,000 mg/L.
Roseth S et al: Environ Toxicol Chem 15 (7): 1211-1217 (1996)
/PLANTS/ The cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora that infests the black locust Robinia pseudoacacia shows toxicity to its predator, the multicolored Asian ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis. In contrast, the same aphid species that infests the common vetch, Vicia angustifolia, is suitable prey for H. axyridis larvae. Previously, it was reported that the toxicity of A. craccivora infesting R. pseudoacacia was due to canavanine and 2-aminoethanol, but there was some doubt about the toxicity of these compounds and their concentrations in the aphids. In the present study, we determined the concentrations of cyanamide, canavanine, and 2-aminoethanol in A. craccivora infesting the two host plants. In the extracts of A. craccivora that infested either of the host plants, canavanine was undetectable, and 2-aminoethanol was detected at the concentration of 3.0-4.0 ug/g fresh weight. Cyanamide was detected in the extract of A. craccivora that infested R. pseudoacacia (7.7 ug/g fresh weight) but not in that infesting V. angustifolia. The toxicity of canavanine, 2-aminoethanol, and cyanamide was evaluated against H. axyridis larvae in a bioassay by using an artificial diet containing these compounds at various concentrations. Cyanamide exhibited 10-100 times stronger toxicity than canavanine and 2-aminoethanol. These results indicate that the toxicity is at least partly due to cyanamide, which is present in the toxic A. craccivora that infests R. pseudoacacia but absent from the non-toxic A. craccivora that infests V. angustifolia.
Kamo T et al; J Chem Ecol 38 (12): 1552-60 (2012)
For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

14.2.3 ICSC Environmental Data

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

14.2.4 Environmental Fate / Exposure Summary

2-Aminoethanol's production and use in hydraulic fracturing, as a gas scrubbing agent, as a dispersing agent for agricultural chemicals, as a pharmaceutics aid, as a component in polishes, hair waving solutions, emulsifiers and as a detergent used in dry cleaning and wool treatment may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 2-Aminoethanol has been identified as a constituents of mammalian and human urine. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.404 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-aminoethanol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-aminoethanol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.6 hours. 2-Aminoethanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 2-aminoethanol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 0.59. However, absorption is affected by the acidity of the soil. The pKa of 2-aminoethanol is 9.5, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as a cation and cations do not volatilize. 2-Aminoethanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Using standard aerobic biodegradation tests employing activated sludge inoculum, 2-aminoethanol exhibited 64.4 to 91.4% CO2 consumption, suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. This compound is considered to be readily biodegradable. If released into water, 2-aminoethanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. However, absorption is affected by the acidity of the substrate. A pKa of 9.5 indicates 2-aminoethanol will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to 2-aminoethanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-aminoethanol is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-aminoethanol via ingestion of food, use of tobacco products and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-aminoethanol. (SRC)

14.2.5 Natural Pollution Sources

A number of aliphatic amines have been identified as normal constituents of mammal and human urine, including ethanolamine(1).
(1) Cavender FL; Aliphatic and Alicylcic Amines. Patty's Toxicology. (1999-2015). Bingham E et al, eds. New York, NY: Wiley & Sons. On-line Posting Date: 17 Aug, 2012

14.2.6 Artificial Pollution Sources

2-Aminoethanol's production and use as a gas scrubbing agent, as a dispersing agent for agricultural chemicals, as a pharmaceutics aid, as a component in polishes, hair waving solutions, emulsifiers(1) and as a detergent used in dry cleaning and wool treatment(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in hydraulic fracturing(3) will result in its direct release to the environment.
(1) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 15th ed. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., p. 609 (2013)
(2) Lewis RJ, Sr; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 514 (2007)
(3) Stingfellow WT et al; J Haz Mat 275: 37-54 (2014). Available from, as of Jan 13, 2015: https://www.collectif-scientifique-gaz-de-schiste.com/fr/accueil/images/pdf/texteschoisis/Stringfellow-j-haz-mat-275-2014-37-54.pdf

14.2.7 Environmental Fate

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 0.59(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -1.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-aminoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, absorption is affected by the acidity of the soil(SRC). The pKa of 2-aminoethanol is 9.5(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as a cation and cations do not volatilize. 2-aminoethanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.404 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). Using the Closed Bottle, CO2 Evolution, and MITI tests, 2-aminoethanol exhibited 64.4, 91.4, and 71.2% CO2 evolution, respectively, after 28 days(7), suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 5 (1995)
(3) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Jan 13, 2015: https://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm
(4) Perrin DD; Dissociation constants of organic bases in aqueous solution. IUPAC Chem Data Ser, Buttersworth, London (1972)
(5) Doucette WJ; pp. 141-188 in Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals. Boethling RS, Mackay D, eds. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ (2000)
(6) Dow Chemical; The Alkanolamines Handbook Midland, MI: Dow Chemical (1980)
(7) Hales SG et al; Chemosphere 33: 1247-59 (1996)
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 0.59(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -1.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-aminoethanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, adsorption can be affected by the acidity of the substrate(SRC). A pKa of 9.5(4) indicates 2-aminoethanol will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using the Closed Bottle, CO2 Evolution, and MITI tests, 2-aminoethanol exhibited 64.4, 91.4, and 71.2% CO2 evolution, respectively, after 28 days(6), suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 5 (1995)
(3) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Jan 13, 2015: https://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm
(4) Perrin DD; Dissociation constants of organic bases in aqueous solution. IUPAC Chem Data Ser, Buttersworth, London (1972)
(5) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)
(6) Hales SG et al; Chemosphere 33: 1247-59 (1996)\
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-aminoethanol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.404 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-aminoethanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Aminoethanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Jan 13, 2015: https://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm
(3) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993)
(4) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 8-12 (1990)

14.2.8 Environmental Biodegradation

AEROBIC: 2-Aminoethanol, present at 100 mg/L, reached 49.2% (nitrogen dioxide end product)and 93.6% (ammonia end product) of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 ppm in the Japanese MITI test(1). 2-Aminoethanol achieved 91.8% biodegradation after 28 days in a OECD Guideline 301B Sturm Test and 93.4% after 22 days in a Sealed vessel test(2). 2-Aminoethanol, present at 10 ppm, reached 34% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days and 40% of its theoretical BOD in 20 days using a sewage inoculum(3). Other screening studies using a sewage inoculum gave similar results: 2.5 ppm test concentration, 5 day, 61-84% theoretical BOD(4); test concentration not specified, 10 day, 65% theoretical BOD(5); test concentration not specified, 5 day, 71% theoretical BOD, and 98% COD removal(6); 2.5 ppm test concentration, 5, 10, 20 and 50 days - 0, 58.4, 64, 75% theoretical BOD, respectively(7). In a Modified OECD Screening test, 2-aminoethanol, present at 20 mg/L, achieved 94% after 28 days using fresh inoculum and 99% after 28 days using preconditioned inoculum. In the Modified Sturm tests, 2-aminoethanol reached 97% DOC and 92% of its theoretical CO2 in 28 days using fresh inoculum; the compound also reached 96% DOC and 62% of its theoretical CO2 after 28 days using preconditioned inoculum(8). Using an activated sludge inoculum and the Closed Bottle, CO2 Evolution, and MITI tests, 2-aminoethanol starting concentrations of 7.64, 25.4, 76.4, and 100 mg/L exhibited 64.4, 91.4, and 71.2% O2 consumption, respectively, after 28 days; all tests had a lag time of approximately 5 days(9). Using an activated sludge inoculum and the Manometric Respirometry test, 2-aminoethanol starting concentration of 76.4 mg/L exhibited 83.0% O2 consumption, after 28 days with a lag time of approximately 5 days(9).
(1) Kitano M; OECD Tokyo Meeting Reference Book Tsu-No. 3 (1978)
(2) Birch RR, Fletcher RJ; Chemosphere 23:855-72 (1991)
(3) Young RHF et al; J Water Pollut Contr Fed 40: 354-68 (1968)
(4) Heukulekian H, Rand MC; J Water Pollut Contr Assoc 29: 1040-53 (1955)
(5) Mills EJ, Stack VT; Proc 8th Ind Waste Conf Eng Bull Purdue Univ: Ext Ser 83: 492-517 (1954)
(6) Bridie AL et al; Water Res 13: 627-30 (1979)
(7) Lamb CB, Jenkins GF; pp 326-39 in Proc 8th Ind Waste Conf Purdue Univ (1952)
(8) Kuenemann P et al; Chemosphere 24: 63-9 (1992)
(9) Hales SG et al; Chemosphere 33: 1247-59 (1996)
ANAEROBIC: 2-Aminoethanol, present at 100 mg/L total organic carbon, was shown to be readily biodegradable in 50 days using a digester sludge inoculum at 300 mg/L total COD, obtained from a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China(1). 2-Aminoethanol achieved 100% anaerobic biodegradation after 22 days; the initial concentration was unknown(2).
(1) Hongwei Y et al; Ecotox Environ Safety 63: 299-305 (2006)
(2) Sklyar, VI et al. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 81: 107-17 (1999)
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD): 78%, 5 days; (theor) 0%, 5 days; 64%, 20 days
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
Monoethanolamine contained in wastewater from the ethylene manufacturing process is not toxic to aquatic microorganisms participating in biological wastewater treatment, and self-purification of reservoirs when in concn of 200, 300, 50, and 20 mg/L for protozoans, saprophyte bacteria, first phase nitrification bacteria, and second phase nitrification bacteria, respectively.
Lakhina KG et al; Neftepererab Neftekhim (Moscow) (7): 56-7 (1981)

14.2.9 Environmental Abiotic Degradation

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-aminoethanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Aminoethanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 2-Aminoethanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993)
(2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5, 8-12 (1990)

14.2.10 Environmental Bioconcentration

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated in fish for 2-aminoethanol(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.31(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). [
(1) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 5 (1995)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Jan 13, 2015: https://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm/
(3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)

14.2.11 Soil Adsorption / Mobility

The Koc of 2-aminoethanol is estimated as 0.59(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.31(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-aminoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Adsorption can be affected by the acidity of the soil(SRC). The pKa of 2-aminoethanol is 9.5(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).
(1) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 5 (1995)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Jan 13, 2015:
(3) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) https://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm
(4) Perrin DD; Dissociation constants of organic bases in aqueous solution. IUPAC Chem Data Ser, Buttersworth, London (1972)
(5) Doucette WJ; pp. 141-188 in Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals. Boethling RS, Mackay D, eds. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ (2000)

14.2.12 Volatilization from Water / Soil

A pKa of 9.5(1) indicates 2-aminoethanol will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(2). 2-Aminoethanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 0.404 mm Hg(3).
(1) Perrin DD; Dissociation constants of organic bases in aqueous solution. IUPAC Chem Data Ser, Buttersworth, London (1972)
(2) Doucette WJ; pp. 141-188 in Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals. Boethling RS, Mackay D, eds. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ (2000)
(3) Dow Chemical; The Alkanolamines Handbook Midland, MI: Dow Chemical (1980)

14.2.13 Food Survey Values

2-Aminoethanol was detected, not quantified in 24 Italian Cheeses(1). 2-Aminoethanol was detected in prune, plum, peach and nectarine juices at 1-6, 4, and 1 mg/L(2). 2-Aminoethanol has been identified as a meat volatile of chicken(3).
(1) Spettoli P. Ind. Agr. 9:42-6 (1971)
(2) van Gorsel H et al; Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40:784-789 (1992)
(3) Shahidi F et al; CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nature 24: 141-243 (1986)

14.2.14 Plant Concentrations

2-Aminoethanol has been identified in marine and freshwater algae(1).
(1) Kneifel H et al; J Phycol 13: 36 (1977)

14.2.15 Other Environmental Concentrations

2-Aminoethanol was detected in the cabin atmosphere of nuclear submarines at < 1 ppm(1). 2-Aminoethanol is present in smoke resulting from charring/burning of chitin, the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects, at an abundance (percent relative to major compound) of 1.4%(2). 2-Aminoethanol is present in bulk machining fluids used in the automotive parts manufacturing industry at 2-11% by weight(3). The compound was detected in one of five samples (0.10 ppm) in an aircraft maintenance degreasing facility(4). 2-Aminoethenol was detected, not quantified in a formulation for an all purpose cleaner(5).
(1) Schaeffer KE. Achives of Environmental Health 9:320-31 (1964)
(2) Simoneit BRT et al; Chemosphere 2: 101-5 (2000)
(3) Kenyon EM et al; Appl Occup Environ Hyg 8: 655-61 (1993)
(4) Tharr D; Appl Occup Environ Hyg 9: 303-11 (1994)
(5) US EPA; Off. Air Radiat., Off. Air Qual. Plan. Stand., Research Triangle Park, NC EPA/450/2-89/008; PB89-207203 (1989)
2-Aminoethanol is a component of tobacco(1,2).
(1) Rodgman A, Perfetti TA; The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke, 2nd ed., Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, p. 1852 (2013)
(2) Ross IA; Medicinal Plants Of The World. Totowa NJ; Humana Press V3: 278 (2005)

14.2.16 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 10 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed manufacturing, processing, or use of 2-aminoethanol in the United States may be as low as 10 workers and upwards to 499 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).
(1) US EPA; Chemical Data Reporting (CDR). Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting information on chemical production and use in the United States. Available from, as of Jan 15, 2015: https://www.epa.gov/cdr/pubs/guidance/cdr_factsheets.html
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,163,087 workers (328,648 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 2-aminoethanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-aminoethanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-aminoethanol is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-aminoethanol via ingestion of food, use of tobacco products and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-aminoethanol(SRC).
(1) NIOSH; NOES. National Occupational Exposure Survey conducted from 1981-1983. Estimated numbers of employees potentially exposed to specific agents by 2-digit standard industrial classification (SIC). Available from, as of Jan 15, 2015: https://www.cdc.gov/noes/

14.2.17 Body Burden

A number of aliphatic amines have been identified as normal constituents of mammalian and human urine, including ethanolamine(1). Average excretion rate: men - 0.162 mg/kg per day; women - 0.492 mg/kg per day; cats 0.47 mg/kg per day; rats - 01.46 mg/kg per day; and rabbits - 1.0 mg/kg per day(1).
(1) Cavender FL; Aliphatic and Alicylcic Amines. Patty's Toxicology. 6th ed. (1999-2015). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. On-line posting date: 17 Aug 2012

15 Associated Disorders and Diseases

Associated Occupational Diseases with Exposure to the Compound

Contact dermatitis, allergic [Category: Skin Disease]

Asthma, occupational [Category: Airway Disease]

Disease
Irritable bowel syndrome
References
Disease
Colorectal cancer
References

PubMed: 7482520, 19006102, 23940645, 24424155, 20156336, 19678709, 22148915, 25105552, 21773981, 25037050, 27015276, 27107423, 27275383, 28587349

Silke Matysik, Caroline Ivanne Le Roy, Gerhard Liebisch, Sandrine Paule Claus. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 57, Part B, Nov. 2016, p.244-255: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224416301984

Disease
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
References
Disease
Pancreatic cancer
References
Disease
Periodontal disease
References
PubMed: 20300169
Disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
References
Disease
Propionic acidemia
References

PubMed: 19809936, 19551947, 2226555, 28853722

MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

Disease
Maple syrup urine disease
References

PubMed: 12101068, 10508118, 10472531, 19551947, 11978597, 10234605, 6422161, 23430924, 18088602

MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)

Peritoneal dialysis in maple-syrup-urine disease: Studies on branched-chain amino and keto acids. Eur J Pediatr (1980) 134: 57. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00442404

Disease
Eosinophilic esophagitis
References
Mordechai, Hien, and David S. Wishart
Disease
Ethanolaminuria
References
PubMed: 3233740

16 Literature

16.1 Consolidated References

16.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

16.3 Springer Nature References

16.4 Thieme References

16.5 Wiley References

16.6 Nature Journal References

16.7 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

16.8 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

16.9 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

17 Patents

17.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

17.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

17.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

17.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

17.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

18 Interactions and Pathways

18.1 Protein Bound 3D Structures

18.1.1 Ligands from Protein Bound 3D Structures

PDBe Ligand Code
PDBe Conformer

18.2 Chemical-Target Interactions

18.3 Pathways

19 Biological Test Results

19.1 BioAssay Results

20 Taxonomy

WormJam Metabolites Local CSV for MetFrag | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3403364
WormJam: A consensus C. elegans Metabolic Reconstruction and Metabolomics Community and Workshop Series, Worm, 6:2, e1373939, DOI:10.1080/21624054.2017.1373939
Zebrafish Pathway Metabolite MetFrag Local CSV (Beta) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3457553
The LOTUS Initiative for Open Natural Products Research: frozen dataset union wikidata (with metadata) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5794106
A metabolome atlas of the aging mouse brain. Nat Commun. 2021 Oct 15;12(1):6021. DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26310-y. PMID:34654818; PMCID:PMC8519999.
The Metabolome Atlas of the Aging Mouse Brain: https://mouse.atlas.metabolomics.us

21 Classification

21.1 MeSH Tree

21.2 NCI Thesaurus Tree

21.3 ChEBI Ontology

21.4 KEGG: Metabolite

21.5 FDA Pharm Classes

21.6 EPA Safer Choice

21.7 ChemIDplus

21.8 CAMEO Chemicals

21.9 ChEMBL Target Tree

21.10 UN GHS Classification

21.11 EPA CPDat Classification

21.12 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

21.13 EPA DSSTox Classification

21.14 Consumer Product Information Database Classification

21.15 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

21.16 LOTUS Tree

21.17 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

21.18 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

22 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
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    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
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    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. CAS Common Chemistry
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  4. ChemIDplus
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  5. DrugBank
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  7. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
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    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  8. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  9. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
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  11. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  12. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
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  13. ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
  14. International Fragrance Association (IFRA)
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  16. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
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    https://www.dol.gov/general/aboutdol/copyright
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    https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/261
  18. Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS)
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  24. Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
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  26. ChEBI
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    https://ecmdb.ca/citations
  28. FDA Pharm Classes
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  29. LOTUS - the natural products occurrence database
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  30. NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
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  32. Yeast Metabolome Database (YMDB)
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  33. ChEMBL
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    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/contents/view/1/6
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    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/
  35. Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
  36. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
  37. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
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    Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    Ethanolamine
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  38. Crystallography Open Database (COD)
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    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
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  41. KNApSAcK Species-Metabolite Database
  42. Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS)
  43. West Coast Metabolomics Center-UC Davis
    Ethanolamine
  44. EPA Safer Choice
    EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice
  45. USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center
  46. Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS), Safe Work Australia
  47. NITE-CMC
    2-Aminoethanol - FY2014 (Revised classification)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/14-mhlw-2007e.html
    2-Aminoethanol - FY2007 (Revised classification)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/07-meti-2001e.html
    2-Aminoethanol - FY2006 (New/original classication)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/06-imcg-0008e.html
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  49. FDA Substances Added to Food
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  50. FooDB
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    https://foodb.ca/about
  51. NMRShiftDB
  52. MassBank Europe
  53. MassBank of North America (MoNA)
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    https://mona.fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/documentation/license
  54. SpectraBase
  55. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
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    https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law
  56. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  57. KEGG
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  58. MarkerDB
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  59. Metabolomics Workbench
  60. Nature Chemical Biology
  61. Nature Chemistry
  62. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods
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  63. NLM RxNorm Terminology
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  64. Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe)
  65. RCSB Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)
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  66. Springer Nature
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  68. Thieme Chemistry
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  73. PubChem
  74. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  75. EPA Substance Registry Services
  76. MolGenie
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  77. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
  78. NCBI
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