An official website of the United States government

Ammonium Phosphate, Dibasic

PubChem CID
24540
Structure
Ammonium Phosphate, Dibasic_small.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • 7783-28-0
  • Diammonium hydrogenphosphate
  • Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
  • DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
  • Ammonium phosphate dibasic
Molecular Weight
132.06 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-08-08
  • Modify:
    2025-02-01
Description
Ammonium phosphate is a white solid with a weak odor of ammonia. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate is an inorganic phosphate, being the diammonium salt of phosphoric acid. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 18-46-0 (N-P2O5-K2O) and is marketed under the name diammonium phosphate or DAP. It has a role as a fertilizer. It is an inorganic phosphate and an ammonium salt.
See also: Phosphate Ion (has active moiety) ... View More ...

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Ammonium Phosphate, Dibasic.png

1.2 3D Status

Conformer generation is disallowed since mixture or salt

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

diazanium;hydrogen phosphate
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/2H3N.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h2*1H3;(H3,1,2,3,4)
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

[NH4+].[NH4+].OP(=O)([O-])[O-]
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

(NH4)2HPO4
H9N2O4P
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

7783-28-0

7722-76-1

7783-28-0

2.3.3 Deprecated CAS

1801523-64-7, 2250073-86-8

2.3.4 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.5 UNII

2.3.6 ChEBI ID

2.3.7 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.8 ICSC Number

2.3.9 KEGG ID

2.3.10 NCI Thesaurus Code

2.3.11 RXCUI

2.3.12 Wikidata

2.3.13 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • ammonium hydrogen phosphate
  • ammonium orthophosphate
  • ammonium phosphate
  • ammonium phosphate ((NH4)3PO4)
  • ammonium phosphate, dibasic
  • ammonium phosphate, monobasic
  • ammonium phosphate, tribasic
  • diammonium hydrogen phosphate
  • diammonium phosphate
  • monoammonium phosphate
  • monobasic ammonium phosphate
  • phosphoric acid, ammonium salt
  • primary ammonum phosphate
  • triammonium phosphate
  • tribasic ammonium phosphate

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
132.06 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
3
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
4
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
132.02999377 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
132.02999377 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
85.4 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
7
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
46.5
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
3
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Ammonium phosphate is a white solid with a weak odor of ammonia. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Other Solid; Dry Powder; Liquid; Pellets or Large Crystals; NKRA
Odorless white solid; [ICSC] Fertilizer grade is greenish to grey to brown solid; [CHEMINFO] Water soluble; [MSDSonline]
ODOURLESS WHITE CRYSTALS OR POWDER.

3.2.2 Color / Form

White crystals
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-47
Crystals or crystalline powder
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 88

3.2.3 Odor

Odorless
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 88
Weak ammonia odor
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

3.2.4 Taste

Saline, cooling taste
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 88

3.2.5 Melting Point

155 °C with decomposition
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-47

3.2.6 Solubility

Insoluble in ethanol, acetone
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-47
69.5 g/100 g water at 25 °C
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-47
1 g dissolves in 1.7 mL water, 0.5 mL boiling water
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 88
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 10 °C: 57.5

3.2.7 Density

Diammonium: 1.8 at 68.0 °F Monoammonium: 1.6 at 20 °C (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1.619 g/cu cm
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-47
Relative density (water = 1): 1.6

3.2.8 Stability / Shelf Life

Gradually loses about 8% ammonium on exposure to air
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 88

3.2.9 Decomposition

When heated to decomposition emits very toxic fumes ... of /phosphorus oxides, nitrgen oxides, and ammonia/.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 240
100 °C

3.2.10 pH

pH about 8
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 88

3.2.11 Other Experimental Properties

Heat of solution: 42 Btu/lb = 23 cal/g
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
Decomposes into ammonia and monoammonium phosphate at about 70 °C. Unstable at room temperature and exhibits an ammonium vapor pressure in the solid form and in solution.
Gard DR; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (1999-2011). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Phosphoric Acids and Phosphates. Online Posting Date: 15 Jul 2005
Gradually loses about 8% ammonia on exposure to air.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 88

3.3 Chemical Classes

Nitrogen Compounds -> Ammonium Compounds

3.3.1 Cosmetics

Cosmetic ingredients (Ammonium Phosphate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)
Cosmetic ingredients (Diammonium Phosphate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)
Buffering
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

3.3.2 Food Additives

FIRMING AGENT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, LEAVENING AGENT, MALTING OR FERMENTING AID, NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT, PH CONTROL AGENT -> FDA Substance added to food

3.3.3 Pesticides

Attractants
Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Approved

4 Spectral Information

4.1 IR Spectra

4.1.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
KBr WAFER
Source of Sample
NIPAK, Inc.
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.2 Raman Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS 175C with Raman accessory
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Sample
Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland
Catalog Number
9840
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS 175C with Raman accessory
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Sample
Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland
Catalog Number
9840
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

6 Chemical Vendors

7 Drug and Medication Information

7.1 FDA National Drug Code Directory

7.2 Drug Labels

Homeopathic product and label

8 Food Additives and Ingredients

8.1 Food Additive Classes

JECFA Functional Classes
YEAST_FOOD;

8.2 FDA Substances Added to Food

Used for (Technical Effect)
FIRMING AGENT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, LEAVENING AGENT, MALTING OR FERMENTING AID, NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT, PH CONTROL AGENT
Document Number (21 eCFR)

8.3 Evaluations of the Joint FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives - JECFA

Chemical Name
DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE
Evaluation Year
1982
Comments
Group MTDI for phosphorus from all sources, expressed as P
Tox Monograph

9 Agrochemical Information

9.1 Agrochemical Category

Pesticide active substances -> Attractants

9.2 EU Pesticides Data

Active Substance
diammonium phosphate
Status
Approved [Reg. (EC) No 1107/2009]
Legislation
2002/2076, Reg. (EU) 2016/548, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011

10 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

10.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Food Additives
Substances used in the processing or storage of foods or animal feed including ANTIOXIDANTS; FOOD PRESERVATIVES; FOOD COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; EXCIPIENTS and other similarly used substances. Many of the same substances are used as PHARMACEUTIC AIDS. (See all compounds classified as Food Additives.)
Fertilizers
Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity. (See all compounds classified as Fertilizers.)

10.2 Bionecessity

Phosphate is a major intracellular anion which participates in providing energy for metabolism of substances and contributes to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in almost all organs and tissues. Phosphate exerts a modifying influence on calcium concentrations, a buffering effect on acid-base equilibrium, and has a major role in the renal excretion of hydrogen ions. /Phosphate/
McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). AHFS Drug Information 90. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Inc., 1990 (Plus Supplements 1990)., p. 1420

10.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Ingested diphosphate is readily converted to monophosphate; no diphosphate was found in feces or urine of rats treated with diets containing up to 5% tetrasodium diphosphate. In these experiments diphosphate was almost completely absorbed by the gut and excreted as monophosphate in the urine. /Diphosphate/
WHO/FAO; Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA): Phosphoric acid and phosphate salts (WHO Food Additives Series 17). Available from, as of July 28, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html
/Ortho/ phosphate is absorbed from, and to a limited extent secreted into, the gastrointestinal tract. Transport of phosphate from the gut lumen is an active, energy-dependent process that is modified by several factors. ... Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption, an effect reported to precede its action on calcium ion transport. In adults, about two thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed, and that which is absorbed is almost entirely excreted into the urine. In growing children, phosphate balance is positive. Concentrations of phosphate in plasma are higher in children than in adults. This "hyperphosphatemia" decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and is hypothesized to explain the physiological "anemia" of childhood. /Phosphates/
Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B. Molinoff, R.W. Ruddon, A.G. Goodman (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996., p. 1524

10.4 Metabolism / Metabolites

In the animal body, diphosphate is formed from adenosyl triphosphate (ATP) in many enzymatic reactions. It is either utilized by entering phosphorolytic reactions, or it is hydrolysed by an inorganic diposphatase to monophosphate. /Diphosphate/
WHO/FAO; Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA): Phosphoric acid and phosphate salts (WHO Food Additives Series 17). Available from, as of July 28, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html
A defect in phosphate metabolism occurs in a variety of diseases. ... Rickets ... Osteomalacia ... Primary or Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Chronic Renal Failure. /Phosphates/
Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B. Molinoff, R.W. Ruddon, A.G. Goodman (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996., p. 1525

11 Use and Manufacturing

11.1 Uses

Cosmetic Ingredient Review Link
CIR ingredient: Ammonium Phosphate
Cosmetic Ingredient Review Link
CIR ingredient: Diammonium Phosphate
EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Used in fireproofing (textiles, paper, wood, and vegetable fibers), impregnating lamp wicks; preventing afterglow in matches, soldering, purifying sugar, inhibiting corrosion, and fertilizing; [Merck Index] Used as a food additive and livestock supplement; [CHEMINFO]
Merck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure

Soldering [Category: Heat or Machine]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]

Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing) [Category: Industry]

Farming (Feed Additives) [Category: Industry]

Fireproofing textiles, paper, wood, and vegetable fibers; impregnating lamp wicks; preventing afterglow in matches; flux for soldering tin, copper, brass, and zinc; purifying sugar; in yeast cultures; in dentifrices; in corrosion inhibitors; in fertilizers.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 88
A common fire-extinguishing ingredient in ABC-type dry-powder extinguishers ... Used as flame retardants for cellulosic materials, including plywood, papers, and fabrics, to prevent afterglow in matches and to control forest fires /Ammonium phosphates/
Gard DR; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (1999-2011). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Phosphoric Acids and Phosphates. Online Posting Date: 15 Jul 2005
Plant nutrient solutions; halophosphate phosphors
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 72

11.1.1 Use Classification

YEAST_FOOD; -> JECFA Functional Classes
Cosmetics -> Buffering
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118
FIRE RETARDANTS

11.1.2 Industry Uses

  • Flame retardants
  • Processing aids, not otherwise listed
  • Brightener
  • Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
  • Soil amendments (fertilizers)
  • Other
  • Flame retardant
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Adhesion/cohesion promoter

11.1.3 Consumer Uses

  • Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
  • Brightener
  • Flame retardants
  • Other
  • Soil amendments (fertilizers)
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

11.1.4 Household Products

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products

Information on 66 consumer products that contain Ammonium phosphate, dibasic in the following categories is provided:

• Inside the Home

• Landscaping/Yard

• Pesticides

11.2 Methods of Manufacturing

Diammonium phosphate /solutions/ ... have a high partial pressure of ammonia and the reaction is carried out in a two-stage reactor system in which the feed acid passes countercurrentwise to the flow of ammonia gas. Incoming acid reacts in the scrubber with ammonia from the main reactor and may also serve as a scrubber for dryer off-gases.
Gard DR; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (2001). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Phosphoric Acids and Phosphates. Online Posting Date: 15 Jul 2005
Ammonium monophosphates are produced by neutralization of phosphoric acid with ammonia. Crude or partially purified wet phosphoric acid is mostly used for fertilizer applications. However, pure thermal phosphoric acid is used preferentially for the production of commercial ammonium phosphates with an assay >99 %. /Ammonium phosphates/
Schrodter K et al; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (2010). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates. Online Posting Date: January 15, 2008

11.3 Impurities

Wet process DAP: iron, aluminum and magnesium.
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present., p. V10: 459 (1993)

11.4 Formulations / Preparations

Grades: technical; CP /chemically pure: a grade designation signifying a minimum of impurities, but not 100% purity/; fertilizer; feed; dentifrice; highly purified, for phosphors; FCC /Food Chemicals Codex/.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 72
The grade used medicinally is 98-99% pure.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 88
Fertilizer grade, min 18% N, 46% P.
Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter, Chemical Profile: Ammonium Phosphates, September 18, 1995

11.5 Consumption Patterns

(INCL MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE) 97% FOR FERTILIZERS; 1% FOR FIRE CONTROL; 1% FOR LIVESTOCK FEEDS; 1% IN MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS (1972)
SRI
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Ammonium Phosphates. 100% fertilizers: diammonium phosphate 87% (49% domestic, 51% export); monoammonium phosphate 13% (60% domestic, 40% export). /Ammonium phosphates/
Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter 230 (11): 33 (1986)
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Ammonium phosphates. 100% fertilizers: diammonium phosphate 85%; monoammonium phosphates 15%. Exports account for 50% of total ammonium phosphates production. /Ammonium phosphates/
Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter 236 (10): 48 (1989)
Fertilizer, 98% (DAP, 70%; MAP 23%, other solid ammonium phosphates, 5%); industrial uses, 1.5%; animal feed, 0.5%. /Ammonium phosphates/
Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter, Chemical Profile: Ammonium Phosphates, September 18, 1995
During the year ending June 30, 1990, DAP represented 38% of total U.S. fertilizer P2O5 usage.
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present., p. V10: 466 (1993)

11.6 U.S. Production

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: 5,000,000,000 - <10,000,000,000 lb

2018: 5,000,000,000 - <10,000,000,000 lb

2017: 5,000,000,000 - <10,000,000,000 lb

2016: 5,000,000,000 - <10,000,000,000 lb

(1972) 5.9X10+12 GRAMS (INCL MONOAMMONIUM)
SRI
(1975) 5.17X10+12 GRAMS
SRI
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Ammonium phosphates. Demand: 1985-1986 (Fertilizer year): 10.07 million tons; 1986-1987 /projected/: 10.32 million tons; 1990-1991 /projected/: 12.1 million tons. /Ammonium phosphates/
Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter 230 (11): 33 (1986)
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Ammonium phosphates. Demand: 1988-1989 (fertilizer year): 15.25 million tons; 1989-1990 /projected/: 15.55 million tons; 1993-1994 /projected/: 17.0 million tons. (Includes exports, but not imports, which are negligible.) /Ammonium phosphates/
Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter 236 (10): 50 (1989)
For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.7 U.S. Imports

(1972) 4.6X10+11 GRAMS (INCL MONOAMMONIUM)
SRI
(1975) 8.31X10+10 GRAMS
SRI
Crop year 1995, negligible) /Ammonium phosphates/
Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter, Chemical Profile: Ammonium Phosphates, September 18, 1995

11.8 U.S. Exports

(1972) 1.7X10+12 GRAMS (INCL MONOAMMONIUM)
SRI
(1975) 2.20X10+12 GRAMS
SRI
About 5.8 million tons for crop year 1995 /Ammonium phosphates/
Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter, Chemical Profile: Ammonium Phosphates, September 18, 1995

11.9 General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
  • All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
  • Wood Product Manufacturing
  • Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
  • All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
  • Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
  • Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
  • Machinery Manufacturing
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
  • Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
  • Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
  • Wholesale and Retail Trade
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:2): ACTIVE
Produced in large scale as fertilizer
Gard DR; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (2001). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Phosphoric Acids and Phosphates. Online Posting Date: 15 Jul 2005
The thermal route (for making phosphoric acid starting material) results in a food-grade acid of high purity and is too expensive for fertilizer production. Essentially all the acid used in fertilizer production is made by wet processes.
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present., p. V10: 459 (1993)

11.10 Sampling Procedures

NIOSH Method 7300. Analyte: Phosphorus. Matrix: Air. Sampler: Filter (0.8 um, cellulose ester membrane). Flow Rate: 1 to 4 l/min. Sample Size: 500 liters. Shipment: Routine. Sample Stability: Stable. /Phosphorus/
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd ed. Volumes 1 and 2 with 1985 supplement, and revisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1984., p. 7300-1

12 Safety and Hazards

12.1 Hazards Identification

12.1.1 GHS Classification

Note
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 80.5% (530 of 658) of all reports. Pictograms displayed are for 19.5% (128 of 658) of reports that indicate hazard statements.
Pictogram(s)
Irritant
Signal
Warning
GHS Hazard Statements

H315 (18.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (18.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (15.2%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 658 reports by companies from 23 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 530 of 658 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 20 notifications provided by 128 of 658 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

12.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Skin Irrit. 2 (18.1%)

Eye Irrit. 2 (18.2%)

STOT SE 3 (15.2%)

12.1.3 Health Hazards

Inhalation of monoammonium form causes irritation of mucous membranes; with diammonium form, ammonia vapors in closed area can cause pulmonary edema and asphyxia. Contact with solid or with ammonia gas causes irritation of eyes and skin. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

12.1.4 Fire Hazards

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating fumes of ammonia and oxides of nitrogen may form in fires. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

12.1.5 Hazards Summary

An eye irritant; [ICSC] Ammonia vapors may accumulate in a confined space and cause pulmonary edema; [CAMEO] Caused contact dermatitis in surgical personnel wearing gowns containing this flame retardant; [Kanerva, p. 1778]
Kanerva - Rustemeyer L, Elsner P, John SM, Maibach HI (eds). Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology, 2nd Ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2012., p. 1778

12.1.6 Fire Potential

Noncombustible.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 72

12.1.7 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Dust irritating to eyes, and throat. Solid irritating to skin and eyes.
Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials Reports. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 1987., p. V9(3) 52 (1989)

12.2 First Aid Measures

Inhalation First Aid
Fresh air, rest.
Skin First Aid
Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.
Eye First Aid
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Ingestion First Aid
Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

12.2.1 First Aid

INHALATION: if exposed to ammonia fumes from diammonium phosphate, give artificial respiration and oxygen if needed; enforce rest.

EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min.; if irritation persists, get medical attention.

SKIN: flush with water. (USCG, 1999)

U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

12.3 Fire Fighting

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

12.3.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

Use extinguishing agents suitable for surrounding fire. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any sign of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 185

12.3.2 Firefighting Hazards

Poisonous gases including ammonia, phosphorus oxides, and nitrogen oxides are produced in fire.
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 185

12.4 Accidental Release Measures

12.4.1 Spillage Disposal

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

12.4.2 Cleanup Methods

Stop discharge if possible. Keep people away. Avoid contact with solid and dust. Isolate and remove discharged material. Notify health and pollution control agencies.
Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials Reports. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 1987., p. V9(3) 52 (1989)

12.4.3 Disposal Methods

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

12.4.4 Preventive Measures

SRP: In bulk storage or manufacturing situations where combustible dusts can collect in sufficient concentrations to give rise to an explosion/deflagration, reasonable precautions shall be taken to reduce or eliminate the hazard. Efforts shall be made to control or eliminate the five elements necessary to initiate a dust explosion. These include combustible dust (fuel), ignition source (heat), oxygen in air (oxidizer), and dispersion of dust particles in sufficient quantity and concentration as well as confinement of the dust cloud. General guidance in these efforts can be found in OSHA's "Combustible Dust in Industry; Preventing and Mitigating the Effects of Fire and Explosions", which list measures to control dusts, eliminate ignition sources, and limit the effects of explosions.
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

12.5 Handling and Storage

12.5.1 Safe Storage

Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and strong acids. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

12.5.2 Storage Conditions

Keep well closed.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 88

12.6 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

12.6.1 Inhalation Risk

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

12.6.2 Effects of Short Term Exposure

The substance is irritating to the eyes.

12.6.3 Acceptable Daily Intakes

FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives ... recommended ... /levels/ for total dietary phosphorus ... unconditional acceptance level /of less than 30 mg/kg body wt/ is considered safe in any type of diet ... conditional acceptance level /of 30-70 mg/kg body wt/ is acceptable only when dietary calcium level is high. /Phosphates/
Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1972., p. 641

12.6.4 Allowable Tolerances

Residues of diammonium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: buffer, surfactant. Limit: none.
40 CFR 180.920 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov

12.6.5 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Dust mask, protective gloves, and goggles. When diammonium phosphate is stored in closed area, self-contained breathing apparatus is required to protect against ammonia fumes. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
/NIOSH certified respirator/, protective gloves, and goggles. When diammonium phosphate is stored in closed area, self-contained breathing apparatus is required to protect ammonia fumes.
Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials Reports. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 1987., p. V9(3) 53 (1989)

12.6.6 Preventions

Inhalation Prevention
Use local exhaust.
Skin Prevention
Protective gloves.
Eye Prevention
Wear safety spectacles.
Ingestion Prevention
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

12.7 Stability and Reactivity

12.7.1 Air and Water Reactions

Water soluble.

12.7.2 Reactive Group

Salts, Acidic

12.7.3 Reactivity Profile

Decomposition of sodium hypochlorite takes place within a few seconds with the following salts: ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium oxalate, and ammonium phosphate [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:550 1956]. Several liquid ammonium phosphate fertilizer tanks have ruptured due to inadequate tank design and maintenance. The failure of these tanks were not considered hazardous, except that the failure of these tanks caused failure of nearby tanks of chemicals such as ammonia (anhydrous) and phosphoric acid. (EPA Chemical Safety Alert)

12.7.4 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong bases. Contact with air causes this chemical to produce anhydrous ammonia fumes.
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 184

12.8 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
Status Regulation (EC)
2002/2076, Reg. (EU) 2016/548, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

12.8.1 FIFRA Requirements

Residues of diammonium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: buffer, surfactant. Limit: none.
40 CFR 180.920 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov

12.8.2 FDA Requirements

The food additive diammonium phosphate may be safely used in ruminant feed in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The food additive is the product resulting from the neutralization of feeding-phosphoric-acid or defluorinated wet-process phosphoric acid with anhydrous ammonia. It contains not less than 106.25% equivalent crude protein (nitrogen X 6.25) and 20% phosphorus. It contains not more than the following: 1 part fluorine to 100 parts phosphorus; 75 ppm arsenic (as As); 30 ppm heavy metals, as lead (Pb). (b) It is used in ruminant feeds as a source of phosphorus and nitrogen in an amt that supplies not more than 2% of equivalent crude protein in the total daily ration.
21 CFR 573.320 (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov
Ammonium phosphate (mono-, and dibasic) used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.
21 CFR 582.1141 (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov
Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
21 CFR 184.1141b (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov

12.9 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt: Human health tier I assessment

IMAP assessments - Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt: Environment tier I assessment

12.9.1 Special Reports

WHO; Diseases Caused by Phosphorus and Its Toxic Compounds; Early Detection of Occupational Diseases pg 53-62 (1986). Review of diseases and health related effects resulting from exposure to phosphorus or phosphorus cmpd.

13 Toxicity

13.1 Toxicological Information

13.1.1 EPA Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values

Chemical Substance
Reference Dose (RfD), Subchronic
9 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day
PPRTV Assessment
Weight-Of-Evidence (WOE)
Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential
Last Revision
2021

13.1.2 RAIS Toxicity Values

Oral Chronic Reference Dose (RfDoc) (mg/kg-day)
48.6
Oral Chronic Reference Dose Reference
PPRTV Archive
Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose (RfDos) (mg/kg-day)
0.09
Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose Reference
PPRTV Current

13.1.3 Exposure Routes

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

13.1.4 Symptoms

Eye Exposure
Redness. Pain.

13.1.6 Adverse Effects

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

13.1.7 Interactions

This paper summarizes data on the factors involved in addiction and dependence to cigarettes. Nicotine has been intensively studied by the tobacco industry, for instance for its addictive effect at the lowest possible rates. The addition of diammonium phosphate and urea produces an alcalinization of the pH of cigarette smoke, and promotes the absorption and the trans-membrane passage of nicotine. The taste, the smell of smoke, and the visual aspect of the pack of cigarettes are also sensory components that promote addiction. Finally, menthol, sugar, cocoa and liquorice added to cigarettes also play a role in dependence and addiction to cigarettes by, for instance, making an anesthetic effect on the airways.
Gonseth S, Cornuz J; Rev Med Suisse 5 (210): 1468-1471 (2009)

13.1.8 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ammonia and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 198
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for signs of pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Ammonia and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 198
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ammonium and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 199
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phosphorus and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 494
For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.1.9 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... With large doses of ... ammonium /salts/, there arises the possibility of sufficient absorption to produce diuresis and systemic ammonia poisoning, particularly if material is administered parenterally. /Ammonium Salts/
Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. II-123
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute ... eye contact with concentrated alkali causes conjunctival edema and corneal destruction. Alkalies penetrate skin slowly. Extent of damage therefore depends on duration of contact. Chronic poisoning (from skin contact). Chronic dermatitis may follow repeated contact ... /Alkalies and Phosphates/
Dreisbach, R.H. Handbook of Poisoning. 12th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange, 1987., p. 212
/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ This paper summarizes data on the factors involved in addiction and dependence to cigarettes. Nicotine has been intensively studied by the tobacco industry, for instance for its addictive effect at the lowest possible rates. The addition of diammonium phosphate and urea produces an alcalinization of the pH of cigarette smoke, and promotes the absorption and the trans-membrane passage of nicotine. The taste, the smell of smoke, and the visual aspect of the pack of cigarettes are also sensory components that promote addiction. Finally, menthol, sugar, cocoa and liquorice added to cigarettes also play a role in dependence and addiction to cigarettes by, for instance, making an anesthetic effect on the airways.
Gonseth S, Cornuz J; Rev Med Suisse 5 (210): 1468-1471 (2009)

13.1.10 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...It has been shown that solutions containing 0.1 molar ... ammonium phosphate ... at pH 7-7.5 made up to 0.46 osmolar (1.5 times isotonic concentration) by addition of sodium chloride or sucrose and dripped continuously on eyes of rabbits caused edema of epithelium of the cornea within 3-3.5 hr. /Ammonium Phosphate/
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 92
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a recent series of experiments, Sherman diets containing 1%, 2.5% and 5% Na4P2O7 were fed for 16 weeks to groups of 20 male and female rats weighing between 90 and 115 g; a similar group received a diet containing 5% monophosphate. In the sodium phosphate groups, growth was normal up to the 2.5% level; kidney weight was increased at the 2.5% level (females) and above; kidney function was (concentration test) decreased at the 2.5% level (males) and above. Kidney damage (calcification, degeneration and necrosis) was observed in a greater percentage of rats in the 1% group than in the controls. At the higher concentration of sodium diphosphate more severe kidney damage occurred and, in addition, some of the animals had hypertrophy and hemorrhages of the stomach. The latter abnormality was not found in the 5% monophosphate group. /Diphosphate/
WHO/FAO; Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA): Phosphoric acid and phosphate salts (WHO Food Additives Series 17). Available from, as of July 28, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a series of successive experiments, Na4P2O7 was added in concentrations of 1.8%, 3% and 5% to a modified Sherman diet and fed to groups of 34-36 young rats for 6 months. The studies also included control groups and groups receiving the same levels of sodium monophosphate. With 3% and 5% diphosphate diets growth was significantly decreased and at both these concentrations nephrocalcinosis appeared as the main toxic effect. The degree of damage to the kidneys was about the same as that observed in the corresponding monophosphate groups. With the 1.8% diphosphate and monophosphate diets, normal growth occurred, but a slight yet statistically significant increase in kidney weight was noted. Microscopic examination revealed kidney calcification in some of the animals, both in the diphosphate and monophosphate groups. This was more extensive than the calcification occasionally found in the control animals. In an additional experiment, 1.1% of diphosphate and of monophosphate were used. There was a slight growth retardation in the first part of the experiment. After 39 weeks a slight degree of kidney calcification was noted and this was the same for both phosphates. /Diphosphate/
WHO/FAO; Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA): Phosphoric acid and phosphate salts (WHO Food Additives Series 17). Available from, as of July 28, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html
/GENOTOXICITY/ A tiered testing strategy has been employed to evaluate the potential for new ingredients, tobacco processes, and technological developments to alter the mainstream smoke or biological activity that results from burning cigarette tobacco. The foundation of this evaluation strategy is comparative testing, typically including chemical and biological assessments. In the manufacture of cigarettes, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea have been historically used as ingredients added to tobacco, to reconstituted tobacco sheet, and to other processed tobaccos. As part of ongoing stewardship efforts, a toxicological assessment of cigarettes with and without DAP and urea was conducted. Chemical and biological analyses were conducted for test cigarettes added 0.5% DAP and 0.2% urea in the final blend and also for those added 1.0% DAP and 0.41% urea in the final blend compared to reference cigarettes without added DAP or urea. Principal components of this evaluation included a determination of selected mainstream smoke constituent yields, an Ames assay in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, a sister chromatid exchange assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells, a 13-week inhalation study of mainstream cigarette smoke in Sprague-Dawley rats, and a 30-week dermal tumor-promotion evaluation of mainstream cigarette smoke condensate in SENCAR mice. Comparative evaluations demonstrated that the addition of DAP and urea to cigarettes at up to 1% and 0.41%, respectively, does not alter the biological activity compared to reference cigarettes without DAP or urea.
Stavanja MS et al; Exp Toxicol Pathol 59 (6): 339-353 (2008)

13.1.11 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Rabbit dermal >7950 mg/kg bw
European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Diammonium Hydrogenorthophosphate (7783-28-0) p.27(2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from as of August 2, 2011 https://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
LD50 Rat oral 6500 mg/kg bw
European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Diammonium Hydrogenorthophosphate (7783-28-0) p.25(2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from as of August 2, 2011 https://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

13.2 Ecological Information

13.2.1 Ecotoxicity Values

LC50; Species: Grammarus pseudolimnaeus (Northern spring amphipod) (mature); Conditions: static, 18 °C; Concentration: 52 mg/L for 96 hr (95% Confidence interval: 48 to 68 mg/L)
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 63
LC50; Species: Grammarus pseudolimnaeus (Northern spring amphipod) (mature); Conditions: static, 18 °C; Concentration: 40 mg/L for 96 hr (95% Confidence interval: 32 to 46 mg/L)
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 63
LC50; Species: Coho salmon; Conditions: static, 11 °C; Concentration: 320 mg/L for 96 hr (95% Confidence interval: 279-367 mg/L)
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 63
LC50; Species: Coho salmon; Conditions: static, 11 °C; Concentration: 245 mg/L for 96 hr (95% Confidence interval: 216 to 277 mg/L)
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 63
For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.2.2 Ecotoxicity Excerpts

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acute toxicity to five freshwater fishes and a scud was determined in static tests. 96 hr LC50 ranged from 40 mg/L for scuds to 1500 mg/L for fingerling fish. In salmon and trout, yolk-sac fry were more susceptible than swim-up fry.
Johnson WW, Sanders HD; US Fish Wildl Serv Tech Pap (91): 1-8 (1977)
/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of two commonly used fertilizers, diammonium phosphate and urea, on hematological parameters (hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and total leucocyte count) of fresh water fish Clarias batrachus were studied. The toxic effect of diammonium phosphate was more pronounced than that of urea. The toxic effect of diammonium phosphate resulted in a sudden fall of hematological parameters--Hb, red blood cell count, Hct--at higher concentrations, and at lower concentrations gradual decreases were seen over comparatively longer durations. In urea intoxication, slight decreases in the three parameters were seen at lower concentrations during shorter intervals, while at higher concentrations, significant decreases during shorter intervals were observed. Total leucocyte count increased during toxicity with both fertilizers, but higher elevations in total leucocyte count were produced by diammonium phosphate than by urea.
Trivedi SP et al; Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 19 (2): 135-42 (1990)

13.2.3 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of diammonium phosphate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).
(1) US EPA; Inventory Update Reporting (IUR). Non-confidential 2006 IUR Records by Chemical, including Manufacturing, Processing and Use Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available from, as of Jul 14, 2011: https://cfpub.epa.gov/iursearch/index.cfm

14 Associated Disorders and Diseases

Associated Occupational Diseases with Exposure to the Compound
Contact dermatitis, allergic [Category: Skin Disease]

15 Literature

15.1 Consolidated References

15.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

15.3 Springer Nature References

15.4 Thieme References

15.5 Wiley References

15.6 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

15.7 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

15.8 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

16 Patents

16.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

16.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

16.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

16.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

16.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

17 Classification

17.1 MeSH Tree

17.2 NCI Thesaurus Tree

17.3 ChEBI Ontology

17.4 ChemIDplus

17.5 CAMEO Chemicals

17.6 UN GHS Classification

17.7 EPA CPDat Classification

17.8 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

17.9 EPA DSSTox Classification

17.10 Consumer Product Information Database Classification

17.11 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

17.12 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

18 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
    LICENSE
    CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data.
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  4. EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
    LICENSE
    The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce these documents, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. These documents may be freely distributed and used for non-commercial, scientific and educational purposes.
    https://www.epa.gov/web-policies-and-procedures/epa-disclaimers#copyright
    Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:2)
    https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting
  5. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:2)
    https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  6. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  7. EPA Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs)
  8. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
    LICENSE
    Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
    Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
    https://chem.echa.europa.eu/100.029.079
  9. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  10. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  11. ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
  12. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
    LICENSE
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.
    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  13. Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS)
    LICENSE
    This work has been sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Environmental Management, Oak Ridge Operations (ORO) Office through a joint collaboration between United Cleanup Oak Ridge LLC (UCOR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and The University of Tennessee, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The Institute for Environmental Modeling (TIEM). All rights reserved.
    https://rais.ornl.gov/
  14. EU Pesticides Database
  15. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
    LICENSE
    Copyright (c) 2022 Haz-Map(R). All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from Haz-Map are copyrighted by Haz-Map(R). No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
    https://haz-map.com/About
    Ammonium phosphate, dibasic
    https://haz-map.com/Agents/7963
  16. ChEBI
  17. Consumer Product Information Database (CPID)
    LICENSE
    Copyright (c) 2024 DeLima Associates. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from CPID are copyrighted by DeLima Associates. No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/contents/view/1/6
    Consumer Products Category Classification
    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/
  18. Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
  19. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
  20. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
    LICENSE
    Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  21. DailyMed
  22. FDA Substances Added to Food
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  23. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
    LICENSE
    Permission from WHO is not required for the use of WHO materials issued under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Intergovernmental Organization (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO) licence.
    https://www.who.int/about/policies/publishing/copyright
  24. USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center
  25. KEGG
    LICENSE
    Academic users may freely use the KEGG website. Non-academic use of KEGG generally requires a commercial license
    https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/legal.html
  26. National Drug Code (NDC) Directory
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  27. NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise indicated, all text within NCI products is free of copyright and may be reused without our permission. Credit the National Cancer Institute as the source.
    https://www.cancer.gov/policies/copyright-reuse
  28. NLM RxNorm Terminology
    LICENSE
    The RxNorm Terminology is created by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and is in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from NLM. Credit to the U.S. National Library of Medicine as the source is appreciated but not required. The full RxNorm dataset requires a free license.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/termsofservice.html
  29. SpectraBase
    DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (sec)
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/7nrF3CZonAY
    DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (sec)
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/4eZy9LwT3s2
  30. Springer Nature
  31. Thieme Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The Thieme Chemistry contribution within PubChem is provided under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  32. Wikidata
    dibasic ammonium phosphate
    https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418889
  33. Wikipedia
  34. Wiley
  35. PubChem
  36. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
    LICENSE
    Works produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  37. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  38. EPA Substance Registry Services
  39. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
CONTENTS