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Carbon tetrafluoride

PubChem CID
6393
Structure
Carbon tetrafluoride_small.png
Carbon tetrafluoride_3D_Structure.png
Carbon tetrafluoride__Crystal_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • CARBON TETRAFLUORIDE
  • Tetrafluoromethane
  • 75-73-0
  • Perfluoromethane
  • Carbon fluoride
Molecular Weight
88.004 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-03-27
  • Modify:
    2025-01-18
Description
Tetrafluoromethane is a colorless nonflammable gas. It is shipped as a liquid under pressure. It may be narcotic at high concentrations. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. It is used as a refrigerant.
Tetrafluoromethane is a fluorocarbon and a member of fluoromethanes. It has a role as a refrigerant.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Carbon tetrafluoride.png

1.2 3D Conformer

1.3 Crystal Structures

1 of 2
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COD Number
Associated Article
Sataty, Y.A.; Herbstein, F.H.; Ron, A.. Carbon tetrafluoride-phase II: Far-infrared spectrum and crystal structure. Journal of Chemical Physics 1975;62:1094-1097.
Crystal Structure Depiction
Crystal Structure Depiction
Hermann-Mauguin space group symbol
C 1 2/c 1
Hall space group symbol
-C 2yc
Space group number
15
a
8.435 Å
b
4.32 Å
c
8.478 Å
α
90 °
β
120.42 °
γ
90 °
Z
4
Z'
0.5

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

tetrafluoromethane
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/CF4/c2-1(3,4)5
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

C(F)(F)(F)F
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

CF4
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
CF4

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

75-73-0
51311-17-2

2.3.3 Deprecated CAS

1519044-53-1, 2209093-32-1, 957761-07-8
25136-85-0

2.3.4 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.5 UNII

2.3.6 UN Number

2.3.7 ChEBI ID

2.3.8 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.9 HMDB ID

2.3.10 ICSC Number

2.3.11 Metabolomics Workbench ID

2.3.12 Nikkaji Number

2.3.13 RXCUI

2.3.14 Wikidata

2.3.15 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • carbon tetrafluoride
  • ftoksilol
  • ftoxycol
  • perfluoromethane

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
88.004 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
XLogP3-AA
Property Value
1.8
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
4
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
87.99361265 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
87.99361265 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
0 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
5
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
19.1
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Tetrafluoromethane is a colorless nonflammable gas. It is shipped as a liquid under pressure. It may be narcotic at high concentrations. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. It is used as a refrigerant.
Gas or Vapor
Dry Powder
Colorless odorless gas; [Merck Index]
ODOURLESS COLOURLESS COMPRESSED GAS.

3.2.2 Color / Form

Colorless gas
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 317

3.2.3 Odor

Odorless
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 317

3.2.4 Boiling Point

-127.9 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-300
-127.8 °C

3.2.5 Melting Point

-183.582 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-300
-183.6 °C

3.2.6 Solubility

In water, 18.8 mg/L at 25 °C
Horvath AL; Halogenated hydrocarbons: solubility-miscibility with water. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc pp. 889 (1982)
Soluble in benzene, chloroform
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-300
Solubility in water: none

3.2.7 Density

3.034 g/cu cm at 25 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-300
Density: 1.89 at -183 °C (liquid); 1.98 at -195 °C (solid)
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 317

3.2.8 Vapor Density

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.04

3.2.9 Vapor Pressure

1.75X10+5 mm Hg at 25 °C /extrapolated/
Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.

3.2.10 LogP

log Kow = 1.18
Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., 1995., p. 3

3.2.11 Henry's Law Constant

Henry's Law constant = 5.15 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C
Park T et al; J Chem Eng Data 27: 324-6 (1982)

3.2.12 Stability / Shelf Life

Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Thermally stable. Chemically very inert.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 317

3.2.13 Autoignition Temperature

>/= 1100 °C
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 2532
>1100 °C

3.2.14 Decomposition

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /fluoride/.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 711
Forms hydrogen fluoride and fluorides on decomposition with hot surfaces above 125 °F/52 °C or open flame.
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 2532

3.2.15 Kovats Retention Index

Semi-standard non-polar
82 , 88

3.2.16 Other Experimental Properties

Global Warming Potential (GWP): Chemical: PFC-14 (Perfluoromethane); GWP: 7,390 (100-Year Time Horizon)
40 CFR 98 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 5, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov
Specific volume: 4.4 cu ft/lb at 70 °F
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1221
Thermally stable. Chemically very inert.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 317
Critical volume: 133 cu cm/mol
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 6-74
For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for Tetrafluoromethane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.3 SpringerMaterials Properties

3.4 Chemical Classes

3.4.1 PFAS

PFAS -> PFAS identified in REACH Regulation EC No. 1272/2008
S100 | PFASREACH | List of PFAS identified in REACH 2019 | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7426856

3.4.2 Solvents

Solvents -> Chlorofluorocarbons

4 Spectral Information

4.1 1D NMR Spectra

1D NMR Spectra

4.1.1 13C NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
BRUK HX-90
Copyright
Copyright © 2002-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Copyright
Copyright © 2002-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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4.1.2 19F NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 W. Robien, Inst. of Org. Chem., Univ. of Vienna. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker CXP-200
Copyright
Copyright © 2002-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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4.2 Mass Spectrometry

4.2.1 GC-MS

1 of 3
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NIST Number
701
Library
Main library
Total Peaks
8
m/z Top Peak
69
m/z 2nd Highest
50
m/z 3rd Highest
19
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 3
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Source of Spectrum
RB-1982-14954-0
Copyright
Copyright © 2020-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.2.2 Other MS

Other MS
MASS: 701 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral Database, 1990 version)

4.3 IR Spectra

IR Spectra
IR: 4082 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection)

4.3.1 Vapor Phase IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
DIGILAB FTS-14
Technique
Vapor Phase
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Catalog Number
295736
Copyright
Copyright © 2021-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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6 Chemical Vendors

7 Drug and Medication Information

7.1 Clinical Trials

7.1.1 ClinicalTrials.gov

8 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

8.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.
International Program on Chemical Safety/Commission of the European Communities; International Chemical Safety Card on Tetrafluoromethane (April 2014). Available from as of March 1, 2016: https://www.inchem.org/pages/icsc.html

9 Use and Manufacturing

9.1 Uses

Sources/Uses
Used as low temperature refrigerant and gaseous insulator; [Merck Index]
Merck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.
Low temperature refrigerant; gaseous insulator.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 317
Plasma etching of silicon wafers in the semiconductor industry.
Weston RE Jr; Atmos Environ 30: 2901-10 (1996)

9.1.1 Use Classification

Hazard Classes and Categories ->

9.1.2 Industry Uses

  • Etching agent
  • Semiconductor and photovoltaic agent
Oxidizing/reducing agents

9.1.3 Consumer Uses

Binder

9.2 Methods of Manufacturing

Tetrafluoromethane (carbon tetrafluoride, CF4) can be produced by reaction of CCl2F2 or CCl3F and hydrogen fluoride in the gas phase or by direct fluorination of carbon.
Siegemund G et al; Fluorine Compounds, Organic. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (1999-2016). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: January 28, 2016
Reaction of fluorine with amorphous forms of carbon (eg, wood charcoal) at ambient temperature
SRI
Prepared from carbon or carbon monoxide and fluorine. ... May also be prepared from ... /silicon carbide/ and ... /fluorine/.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 317

9.3 Formulations / Preparations

Grade: 95% min purity.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1221

9.4 Consumption Patterns

Refrigerants, 39%; foam blowing agents, 17%; solvents, 14%; fluoropolymers, 14%; sterilant gas, 2%; aerosol propellants, 2%; food freezant, 1%; other, 8%; exports, 3% (1985) /fluorocarbons/
Chemical Profile: Fluorocarbons (1986)

9.5 U.S. Production

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: 100,000 - <500,000 lb

2018: 100,000 - <500,000 lb

2017: 100,000 - <500,000 lb

2016: <1,000,000 lb

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: 63,435 lb

2018: 96,740 lb

2017: 106,070 lb

2016: 102,637 lb

(1972) Probably greater than 4.54x10+5 grams
SRI
(1975) Probably greater than 4.54x10+5 grams
SRI
Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.
Year
1986
Production Range (pounds)
10 thousand - 500 thousand
Year
1990
Production Range (pounds)
10 thousand - 500 thousand
Year
1994
Production Range (pounds)
10 thousand - 500 thousand
Year
1998
Production Range (pounds)
10 thousand - 500 thousand
Year
2002
Production Range (pounds)
10 thousand - 500 thousand
US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update Rule (IUR). Methane, tetrafluoro- (75-73-0). Available from, as of October 28, 2010: https://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002-vol.html
Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Methane, tetrafluoro-. National Production Volume: 100,000 - 500,000 lb/yr.
USEPA/Pollution Prevention and Toxics; 2012 Chemical Data Reporting Database. Methane, tetrafluoro- (75-73-0). Available from, as of February 11, 2016: https://java.epa.gov/oppt_chemical_search/

9.6 U.S. Imports

(1972) No Data
SRI
(1975) No Data
SRI

9.7 U.S. Exports

(1972) No Data
SRI
(1975) No Data
SRI

9.8 General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
Industry Processing Sectors
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Methane, tetrafluoro-: ACTIVE
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Carbon fluoride: ACTIVE
Hydrofluorocarbons have gained increasing commercial interest as substitutes for chlorofluoro- and hydrochlorofluorocarbons since governmental regulations banned the worldwide production and consumption of CFCs by 1996 and introduced a specific timetable for the phase out of HCFCs. In contrast to CFCs, hydrofluorocarbons have no adverse effect on the ozone layer and only a low contribution to global warming ... The latter effect could be further minimized by avoiding leakages in refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and by refrigerant recycling. /Hydrofluorocarbons/
Siegemund G et al; Fluorine Compounds, Organic. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (1999-2016). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: January 28, 2016
1.3-3.6 kg of tetrafluoromethane estimated to be produced per ton of aluminum for the period up to approximately 1985
Weston RE Jr; Atmos Environ 30: 2901-10 (1996)
Light membranes composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can serve as efficient nanoscale vessels for encapsulation of tetrafluoromethane at 300 K and operating external pressure of 1 bar ... The amount of adsorbed CF4 strongly depends on the pore size in nanotubes; at 1 bar the most efficient nanotubes for volumetric storage have size R = 0.68 nm. This size corresponds to the (10,10) armchair nanotubes produced nowadays in large quantities. For mass storage (i.e., weight %) the most efficient nanotubes have size R = 1.02 nm corresponding to (15,15) armchair nanotubes. They are better adsorbents than currently used activated carbons and zeolites, reaching approximately equal to 2.4 mol/kg of CF4, whereas, the best activated carbon Carbosieve G molecular sieve can adsorb 1.7 mol/kg of CF4 at 300 K and 1 bar ...
Kowalczyk P, Holyst R; Environ Sci Technol 42 (8): 2931-6 (2008)

10 Identification

10.1 Analytic Laboratory Methods

Gas chromatographic method for determining fluorocarbons in air is described. Concn in air are determined directly. /Fluorocarbons/
Rauws et al; J Pharm Pharmacol 25 (9): 718-22 (1973)
A gas chromatographic procedure for determining atmospheric levels of fluorocarbons is described. Column is temp programmed to separate halogenated components while maintaining short retention times for each component. Freon 113 incl. /Fluorocarbons/
Rasmussen et al; J Air Pollut Control Assoc 27 (6): 579-81 (1977)

10.2 Clinical Laboratory Methods

Gas chromatography with electron capture analysis of the blood headspace can be used to determine the concentration of halogenated solvents in biological samples. /Halogenated Hydrocarbons-Halogenated Solvents/
Dart, R.C. (ed). Medical Toxicology. Third Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2004., p. 1339

11 Safety and Hazards

11.1 Hazards Identification

11.1.1 GHS Classification

1 of 4
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Pictogram(s)
Irritant
Signal
Warning
GHS Hazard Statements

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 44 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

11.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)

Eye Irrit. 2 (100%)

STOT SE 3 (100%)

Press. Gas (Liq.) (100%)

11.1.3 Health Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. (ERG, 2024)

ERG 2024, Guide 126 (Tetrafluoromethane)

· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.

· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.

· Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.

· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

11.1.4 Fire Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. CAUTION: Aerosols (UN1950) may contain a flammable propellant. (ERG, 2024)

ERG 2024, Guide 126 (Tetrafluoromethane)

· Some may burn but none ignite readily.

· Containers may explode when heated.

· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

CAUTION: Aerosols (UN1950) may contain a flammable propellant.

Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

11.1.5 Hazards Summary

High concentrations can have narcotic effect; [Merck Index] Forms hydrofluoric acid on contact with hot surfaces or flames; In confined space spill, may displace air and act as simple asphyxiant; Evaporating liquid can cause frostbite; Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression and cardiac arrhythmias; [ICSC] Shipped as pressurized liquid; Containers may explode if heated; In confined space spill, may displace air and act as simple asphyxiant; [CAMEO] See CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS.
Merck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.

11.1.6 Fire Potential

Tetrafluoromethane may burn, but does not readily ignite.
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 2533

11.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

11.2.1 Critical Temperature & Pressure

Critical temperature: 299.00 K; critical pressure: 4.82 MPa
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 6-74

11.2.2 Physical Dangers

The gas is heavier than air and may accumulate in lowered spaces causing a deficiency of oxygen.

11.3 First Aid Measures

Inhalation First Aid
Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.
Skin First Aid
ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .
Eye First Aid
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

11.3.1 First Aid

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts. (ERG, 2024)

ERG 2024, Guide 126 (Tetrafluoromethane)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingestedor inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuouscompressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

11.4 Fire Fighting

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

11.4.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Use water spray to cool unopened containers.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Do not use water on material itself. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Tetrafluoromethane, compressed or refrigerant gas R14/
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 865
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. /Tetrafluoromethane, compressed or refrigerant gas R14/
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 865

11.4.2 Firefighting Hazards

Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. /Tetrafluoromethane, compressed or refrigerant gas R14/
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 865

11.5 Accidental Release Measures

Public Safety: ERG 2024, Guide 126 (Tetrafluoromethane)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

Spill or Leak: ERG 2024, Guide 126 (Tetrafluoromethane)

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Allow substance to evaporate.

· Ventilate the area.

11.5.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuation: ERG 2024, Guide 126 (Tetrafluoromethane)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

Fire

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

11.5.2 Spillage Disposal

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation.

11.5.3 Cleanup Methods

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas; Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
High concentrations cause a deficiency of oxygen with the risk of unconsciousness or death. Check that oxygen content is at least 19% before entering storage or spill area. If in a building, evacuate building and confine vapors by closing doors and shutting down HVAC systems. Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak to disperse the gas. Wear chemical protective suit with self-contained breathing apparatus to combat spills. Stay upwind and use water spray to "knock down" vapor; contain runoff. Stop the flow of gas, if it can be done safely from a distance. If source is a cylinder and the leak cannot be stopped in place, remove the leaking cylinder to a safe place; and repair leak or allow cylinder to empty. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of confined spaces, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the buildup of explosive concentrations.
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 2533

11.5.4 Disposal Methods

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.
Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

11.5.5 Preventive Measures

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Tetrafluoromethane, compressed or refrigerant gas R14/
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 865
Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. /Tetrafluoromethane, compressed or refrigerant gas R14/
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 865

11.6 Handling and Storage

11.6.1 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Allow substance to evaporate. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2024)

11.6.2 Safe Storage

Cool. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Well closed. Separated from powdered metals.

11.6.3 Storage Conditions

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Contents under pressure.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Check that oxygen content is at least 19% before entering storage or spill area ... Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from powdered metals, including aluminum, zinc, and beryllium; and from open flames or temperatures above 125 °F/51.6 °C.
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 2533
May be stored in steel cylinders.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 317

11.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

Protective Clothing: ERG 2024, Guide 126 (Tetrafluoromethane)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

11.7.1 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines

Emergency Response: ERG 2024, Guide 126 (Tetrafluoromethane)

· Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue.

11.7.2 Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines

Global Warming Potential (GWP): Chemical: PFC-14 (Perfluoromethane); GWP: 7,390 (100-Year Time Horizon)
40 CFR 98 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 5, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov

11.7.3 Inhalation Risk

On loss of containment this substance can cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas.

11.7.4 Effects of Short Term Exposure

Exposure to cold gas could cause frostbite. The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system. This may result in cardiac disorders. Exposure at high levels could cause unconsciousness.

11.7.5 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Skin protection: Handle with gloves.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type AXBEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Tetrafluoromethane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.7.6 Preventions

Inhalation Prevention
Use ventilation.
Skin Prevention
Cold-insulating gloves.
Eye Prevention
Wear face shield.

11.8 Stability and Reactivity

11.8.1 Air and Water Reactions

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

11.8.2 Reactive Group

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

11.8.3 Reactivity Profile

The reaction of aluminum with various halogenated hydrocarbons produces a self-sustaining reaction with sufficient heat to melt aluminum pieces, examples of other halogenated hydrocarbons are fluorotrichloromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, tetrafluoromethane. The vigor of the reaction appears to be dependent on the combined degree of fluorination and the vapor pressure [Chem. Eng. News 39(27):44. 1961].

11.8.4 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Incompatible materials: Aluminum, and its alloys
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Violent reaction with /aluminum/.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 710-11
Incompatible with powdered metals, including aluminum, zinc, and beryllium.
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 2532
Destruction of the impellers in a centrifugal compressor occurred when abrasion exposed and heated fresh aluminum surfaces. These surfaces and dichlorodifluoromethane joined in a self-sustaining reaction with sufficient heat generation to melt and react much of the aluminum impeller material. ... Follow-up laboratory test reactions between aluminum and ... tetrafluoromethane established that vigorous reactions and heat outputs occurred ...
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 491-14

11.9 Transport Information

11.9.1 DOT Emergency Guidelines

/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. /Tetrafluoromethane; Tetrafluoromethane, compressed/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. /Tetrafluoromethane; Tetrafluoromethane, compressed/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Tetrafluoromethane; Tetrafluoromethane, compressed/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Tetrafluoromethane; Tetrafluoromethane, compressed/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Tetrafluoromethane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.9.2 Shipping Name / Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO

UN 1982; Tetrafluoromethane or Refrigerant Gas R 14
IMO 2.2; Tetrafluoromethane (Refrigerant Gas R 14)

11.9.3 Shipment Methods and Regulations

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2 (USDOT); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 10, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Tetrafluoromethane is included on the dangerous goods list.
International Air Transport Association. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 55th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2014., p. 312
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Tetrafluoromethane is included on the dangerous goods list.
International Maritime Organization. IMDG Code. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code Volume 2 2012, p. 99

11.9.4 DOT Label

Non-Flammable Gas

11.9.5 UN Classification

UN Hazard Class: 2.2

11.10 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Methane, tetrafluoro-
The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Carbon fluoride
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Tetrafluoromethane: Non hazardous

11.11 Other Safety Information

11.11.1 Toxic Combustion Products

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides, Hydrogen fluoride
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Carbon tetrafluoride. Product Number: 295736, Version 3.7 (Revision Date 06/07/2015). Available from, as of January 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

11.11.2 Special Reports

Danish EPA; Survey of selected fluorinated green-house gases (2015)[Available from, as of March 3, 2016: http://eng.mst.dk/]

12 Toxicity

12.1 Toxicological Information

12.1.1 Toxicity Summary

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) is a colorless odorless gas. It is used as low temperature refrigerant; gaseous insulator. It is also used for plasma etching of silicon wafers in the semiconductor industry. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: It can cause confusion, headache by inhalation. ANIMAL STUDIES: Tetrafluoromethane caused increases in acetylcholine output from the guinea-pig ileum. The anesthetic potencies of binary mixtures of the gases CF4-Ar and CF4-SF6 were studied in mice.

12.1.2 Exposure Routes

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

12.1.3 Symptoms

Inhalation Exposure
Confusion. Dizziness. Headache. Irregular heartbeat. Unconsciousness.
Skin Exposure
ON CONTACT WITH GAS: FROSTBITE.

12.1.4 Adverse Effects

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant

12.1.5 Acute Effects

12.1.6 Toxicity Data

LCLo (rat) = 895,000 ppm/15min

12.1.7 Interactions

The anesthetic potencies of binary mixtures of the gases argon (Ar), nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) have been measured using mice. The mixtures SF6-N2O and N2O-Ar showed additive behavior, whereas the constituents of the mixture SF6-Ar were non-additive, having a smaller total potency than expected. Further experiments on this mixture with Italian Great Newts and on the carbon tetrafluoride mixtures CF4-Ar and CF4-SF6 with mice suggested that the anomalous potencies may arise from specific pulmonary effects associated with the breathing of SF6 accompanied by a high pressure of some other gas.
Clarke RF et al; Br J Anaesth 50 (10): 979-83 (1978)

12.1.8 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 217-8
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 218
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasosupressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of cardiac irritability and fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 218

12.1.9 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ On contact with gas: Frostbite.
International Program on Chemical Safety/Commission of the European Communities; International Chemical Safety Card on Tetrafluoromethane (April 2014). Available from as of March 1, 2016: https://www.inchem.org/pages/icsc.html
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation: Confusion, headache. Skin: On contact with liquid: frostbite /from table/
International Labour Office. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th edition, Volumes 1-4 1998. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1998., p. 104.189
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Toxic by inhalation.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1221

12.1.10 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ The actions of a range of general anesthetic agents on the rates of release of acetylcholine from the guinea-pig ileum were tested, by means of a superfusion system designed to maintain the tissues under physiological conditions in a high pressure chamber. Anesthetic pressures of nitrous oxide, nitrogen, argon, sulfur hexafluoride and carbon tetrafluoride caused increases in acetylcholine ouput but the concentrations required did not parallel their general anesthetic potencies. The changes were not altered by the application of a pressure of helium which reverses their general anesthetic actions in vivo ...
Halliday DJ et al; Br J Pharmacol 67 (2): 229-37 (1979)
/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The potential carcinogenic activity of the series of one carbon halocarbons carbon-tetrafluoride (CF4), chlorotrifluoromethane (CF3Cl), bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br), and iodotrifluoromethane was studied in response to recent research examining whether CF3I is a less toxic combustion inhibitor than CF3Br which has been widely used in fire extinguishers on aircraft. The toxicity of this series of halocarbons was assessed in light of a molecular model for the carcinogenic effects of carbon-tetrachloride which suggests that cellular damage results from free radicals produced following the transfer of an electron from an enzyme to the carbon-tetrachloride molecule. The carcinogenic activity of the halocarbon series was studied by calculating the vertical electron affinities (VEA) of the various molecules using quantum chemical calculations or physical measurements. Based on experimentally determined and calculated VEA values, CF4 was considered nontoxic on the basis of the free radical model, CF3Cl was considered equivocal, CF3Br was considered toxic, and CF3I was considered to be carcinogenic. In many cases, the toxicity of the halocarbons increased with their efficacy as combustion inhibitors.
Koski WS et al; In Vitro Toxicol 10 (4): 455-7 (1997)

12.2 Ecological Information

12.2.1 ICSC Environmental Data

It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment because it is persistent.

12.2.2 Environmental Fate / Exposure Summary

Tetrafluoromethane's production and use as a low temperature refrigerant, gaseous insulator and in plasma etching processes of semiconductor production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its formation from production of aluminum can result in its direct release to the environment. No natural sources of tetrafluoromethane have been identified, however data are conflicting. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.75X10+5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates tetrafluoromethane will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Tetrafluoromethane has an atmospheric lifetime of 2300 to 50,000 years. Tetrafluoromethane has reported 100- and 500-Year Global Warming Potentials of 6500 and 8800, respectively. Tetrafluoromethane is exceedingly inert photochemically, with no absorption at wavelengths longer than 110 nm; therefore, it is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, tetrafluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 44. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.15 atm-cu m/mole. Tetrafluoromethane will volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process as highly chlorinated/fluorinated compounds are not expected to biodegrade. If released into water, tetrafluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to tetrafluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tetrafluoromethane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to tetrafluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air. (SRC)

12.2.3 Natural Pollution Sources

No natural sources have been identified(1,2) however data are conflicting(SRC). Tetrafluoromethane was tested for but not detected in volcanic fumeroles on Hawaii(3). A background (unspecified rocks and soils) concentration of 40 parts/trillion volume was reported in 1997(4), released following the heating, crushing, and aqueous dissolution of certain rocks and minerals(5).
(1) Schiff HI et al; in Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 87th Ann. Mtg. Exhib., Cincinnati, Ohio, June 19-24, 1994. 94-ta37.02., pp. 7 (1994)
(2) Weston RE Jr; Atmos Environ 30: 2901-10 (1996)
(3) Harnisch J; pp. 205-10 in Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases, Proc. Int. Symp., 2nd, 1999, van Ham J et al, eds., Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000)
(4) Khalil MAK et al; Environ Sci Technol 37: 4358-61 (2003)
(5) Worton DR et al; Environ Sci Technol 41: 2184-89 (2007)

12.2.4 Artificial Pollution Sources

Tetrafluoromethane's production and use as a low temperature refrigerant, gaseous insulator(1) and in plasma etching processes of semiconductor production(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its subsequent formation from production of aluminum(3) results in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Atmospheric tetrafluoromethane was first observed as an impurity in krypton(2).
(1) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 15th ed., Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 317 (2013)
(2) Worton DR et al; Environ Sci Technol 41: 2184-9 (2007)
(3) Weston RE Jr; Atmos Environ 30: 2901-10 (1996)

12.2.5 Environmental Fate

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 44(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetrafluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tetrafluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.15 atm-cu m/mole(3). Tetrafluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.75X10+5 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Highly chlorinated/fluorinated compounds are not expected to biodegrade rapidly(5).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Jan 26, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(3) Park T et al; J Chem Eng Data 27: 324-6 (1982)
(4) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)
(5) Boethling RS et al; Environ Sci Technol 28: 459-465 (1994)
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 44(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetrafluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.15 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). Tetrafluoromethane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.18(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Highly chlorinated/fluorinated compounds are not expected to biodegrade rapidly(7).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Jan 26, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)
(4) Park T et al; J Chem Eng Data 27: 324-6 (1982)
(5) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)
(6) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 3 (1995)
(7) Boethling RS et al; Environ Sci Technol 28: 459-465 (1994)
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetrafluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 1.75X10+5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Tetrafluoromethane has an atmospheric lifetime of 2300 to 50,000 years(3). Tetrafluoromethane is exceedingly inert photochemically, with no absorption at wavelengths longer than 110 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988)
(2) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)
(3) Chen DT et al; Environ Sci Technol 32: 3237-40 (1998)
(4) Rowland FS; Origins Life 15: 279-97 (1985)

12.2.6 Environmental Biodegradation

AEROBIC: Highly chlorinated/fluorinated compounds are not expected to biodegrade rapidly(1).
(1) Boethling RS et al; Environ Sci Technol 28: 459-465 (1994)

12.2.7 Environmental Abiotic Degradation

Tetrafluoromethane's estimated atmospheric lifetime ranges from 2300 to 50,000 years(1). Tetrafluoromethane has reported 100 and 500 Year Global Warming Potential of 6500(2) and 8800(3), respectively. Tetrafluoromethane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). Tetrafluoromethane is exceedingly inert photochemically, with no absorption at wavelengths longer than 110 nm(5).
(1) Chen DT et al; Environ Sci Technol 32: 3237-40 (1998)
(2) Marks J; pp. 369-75 in: Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases., van Ham J et al, eds., The Netherlands: Kluwer Acad Pub (2000)
(3) Schiff HI et al; in Air Waste Manag Assoc, 87th Ann. Mtg. Exhib., Cincinnati, Ohio, June 19-24, 1994. 94-ta37.02., pp. 7 (1994)
(4) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5 (1990)
(5) Rowland FS; Origins Life 15: 279-97 (1985)

12.2.8 Environmental Bioconcentration

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for tetrafluoromethane(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
(1) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 3 (1995)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Jan 26, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)

12.2.9 Soil Adsorption / Mobility

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of tetrafluoromethane can be estimated to be 44(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tetrafluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.
(1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Jan 26, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(2) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)

12.2.10 Volatilization from Water / Soil

The Henry's Law constant for tetrafluoromethane is reported as 5.15 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tetrafluoromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). Tetrafluoromethane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Tetrafluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.75X10+5 mm Hg(3).
(1) Park T et al; J Chem Eng Data 27: 324-6 (1982)
(2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)
(3) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)

12.2.11 Effluent Concentrations

Tetrafluoromethane was detected in air samples obtained from air plumes of aluminum production plants(1).
(1) Weston RE Jr; Atmos Environ 30: 2901-10 (1996)

12.2.12 Atmospheric Concentrations

Air samples collected at altitudes of 10 to 33 km at 44 deg N (southern France) in 1980 contained tetrafluoromethane; its mixing ratio was measured as 65 parts per trillion by volume at 14.4 km and 62 parts per trillion by volume at 33.2 km(1). Median tetrafluoromethane concentrations from remote, suburban, and source dominated sites were 0.070, 0.095, and 0.140 ppb by volume, respectively, for the years 1980 to 1987(2). The average daily ambient tetrafluoromethane concentration from 1980 to 1987 for 8 sites was 0.101 ppb by volume(2).
(1) Fabian P et al; Nature 294: 733-5 (1981)
(2) Shah JJ, Heyerdahl EK; National Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Database Update EPA/600/3-88/010 (1988)
RURAL/REMOTE: Annual average concentrations of tetrafluoromethane in Pt. Barrow, AK were 73.6 and 74.5 parts/trillion volume in 1996 and 1997, respectively(1). Annual average concentrations reported for Cape Meares, OR were as follows (parts/trillion volume, (year)): 56.1 (1978); 58.8 (1979); 60.2 (1980); 61.6 (1981); 62.7 (1982); 61.6 (1983); 63.2 (1984); 64.9 (1985); 66.5 (1986); 65.2 (1987); 67.7 (1988); 67.3 (1989); 67.8 (1990); 69.5 (1991); 71.4 (1992); 70.0 (1993); 73.7 (1994); 73.4 (1995); 74.1 (1996); 74.2 (1997). Annual average concentrations of tetrafluoromethane reported for Palmer Station, Antarctic were 69.8, 72.4, 72.7, and 72.6 parts/trillion volume for 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997, respectively. The ever increasing concentrations are attributed mainly to aluminum manufacturing (33 parts/trillion volume) and electronic chip production(1). The worldwide primary aluminum producers have reduced polyfluorinated carbon emissions per unit aluminum production by 47% from 1990 through 1997(2). Firn air (air present inside snow) samples collected at the North Greenland ice core project site in Greenland and from Berkner Island, Antarctica indicate that tetrafluoromethane increased from 40 to 78 parts/trillion between 1959 and 2003(3).
(1) Khalil MAK et al; Environ Sci Technol 37: 4358-4361 (2003)
(2) Marks J; pp. 369-75 in: Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases., van Ham J et al, eds., The Netherlands: Kluwer Acad Pub (2000)
(3) Worton DR et al; Environ Sci Technol 41: 2184-2189 (2007)
SOURCE DOMINATED: Tetrafluoromethane is a byproduct of the electrolytic production of primary aluminum(1). Monitoring of 8 aluminum smelters in Quebec Province, Canada (about 11% of the global aluminum production) was conducted during a 6-month period in 1993-1994. The emission of tetrafluoromethane was <1 ppb volume for periods between anode events; the average flux per anode event (a total of 1,105 events) ranged between 0.50 to 1.0 kg(2).
(1) Harnisch J; pp. 205-10 in Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases, Proc. Int. Symp., 2nd, 1999, van Ham J et al, eds., Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000)
(2) Schiff HI et al; In: Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 87th Ann. Mtg. Exhib., Cincinnati, Ohio, June 19-24, 1994. 94-ta37.02., pp. 7 (1994)

12.2.13 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 3 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of tetrafluoromethane in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 10-25 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).
(1) US EPA; Chemical Data Reporting (CDR). Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting information on chemical production and use in the United States. Available from, as of Jan 26, 2016: https://www.epa.gov/cdr/pubs/guidance/cdr_factsheets.html
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3677 workers (1367 of these are female) were potentially exposed to tetrafluoromethane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tetrafluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tetrafluoromethane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to tetrafluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air(SRC).
(1) NIOSH; NOES. National Occupational Exposure Survey conducted from 1981-1983. Estimated numbers of employees potentially exposed to specific agents by 2-digit standard industrial classification (SIC). Available from, as of Jan 26, 2016: https://www.cdc.gov/noes/

13 Associated Disorders and Diseases

Associated Occupational Diseases with Exposure to the Compound

Solvents, acute toxic effect [Category: Acute Poisoning]

Asphyxiation, simple [Category: Acute Poisoning]

14 Literature

14.1 Consolidated References

14.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

14.3 Springer Nature References

14.4 Thieme References

14.5 Wiley References

14.6 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

14.7 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

14.8 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

15 Patents

15.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

15.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

15.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

15.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

15.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

16 Interactions and Pathways

16.1 Chemical-Target Interactions

17 Classification

17.1 MeSH Tree

17.2 ChEBI Ontology

17.3 ChemIDplus

17.4 CAMEO Chemicals

17.5 UN GHS Classification

17.6 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

17.7 EPA DSSTox Classification

17.8 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

17.9 PFAS and Fluorinated Organic Compounds in PubChem

17.10 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

17.11 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

18 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
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    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
  4. CAS Common Chemistry
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    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
    Poly(difluoromethylene), α,ω-difluoro-
    https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=65530-82-7
  5. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  6. EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
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  7. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  8. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  9. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
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    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  11. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  12. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
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    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.
    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  13. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
  14. Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
  15. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
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    https://haz-map.com/About
  16. ChEBI
  17. ClinicalTrials.gov
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    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-site/terms-conditions#Use
  18. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
    LICENSE
    It is to be used only for research and educational purposes. Any reproduction or use for commercial purpose is prohibited without the prior express written permission of NC State University.
    http://ctdbase.org/about/legal.jsp
  19. Crystallography Open Database (COD)
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    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
  20. NITE-CMC
    Tetrafluoromethane - FY2009 (New/original classication)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/09-mhlw-0059e.html
  21. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
    LICENSE
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    http://www.hmdb.ca/citing
  22. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  23. Metabolomics Workbench
  24. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
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    Data covered by the Standard Reference Data Act of 1968 as amended.
    https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law
  25. SpectraBase
  26. NLM RxNorm Terminology
    LICENSE
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    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/termsofservice.html
  27. NMRShiftDB
  28. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
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    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  29. Springer Nature
  30. SpringerMaterials
  31. Thieme Chemistry
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    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  32. Wikidata
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  34. Wiley
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  36. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  37. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  38. EPA Substance Registry Services
  39. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  40. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
CONTENTS