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Rubidium

PubChem CID
5357696
Structure
Rubidium_small.png
Rubidium__Crystal_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • RUBIDIUM
  • 7440-17-7
  • RB
  • rubidio
  • rubidium atom
Molecular Weight
85.468 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Element Name
Dates
  • Create:
    2004-09-16
  • Modify:
    2025-01-04
Description
Rubidium appears as a soft silvery metal. Shipped in very limited quantities sealed in a copper tube and over packed in a wooden box. Used in electronics.
Rubidium atom is an alkali metal atom.
Rubidium is an element with atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.468.
See also: Rubidium Iodide (active moiety of) ... View More ...

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Rubidium.png

1.2 Crystal Structures

1 of 2
View All
COD Number
Associated Article
Mil'kova, L.P.; Porai-Koshits, M.A.. Parameters etc.. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Fizika Zemli 1962;26:368-377.
Crystal Structure Depiction
Crystal Structure Depiction
Hermann-Mauguin space group symbol
P 21 21 21
Hall space group symbol
P 2ac 2ab
Space group number
19
a
5.74 Å
b
4.64 Å
c
12.38 Å
α
90 °
β
90 °
γ
90 °
Z
4
Z'
1

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

rubidium
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/Rb
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

[Rb]
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

Rb
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

7440-17-7
15438-27-4
22438-27-3

2.3.2 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.3 UNII

2.3.4 UN Number

2.3.5 ChEBI ID

2.3.6 ChEMBL ID

2.3.7 DrugBank ID

2.3.8 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.9 NCI Thesaurus Code

2.3.10 Wikidata

2.3.11 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

Rubidium

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
85.468 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
84.91178974 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
84.91178974 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
0 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Rubidium appears as a soft silvery metal. Shipped in very limited quantities sealed in a copper tube and over packed in a wooden box. Used in electronics.
A soft and silver-like metal; Tarnishes in air; Reacts violently with water; [CAMEO]

3.3 SpringerMaterials Properties

3.4 Chemical Classes

Metals -> Elements, Metallic

5 Chemical Vendors

6 Drug and Medication Information

6.1 FDA National Drug Code Directory

6.2 Clinical Trials

6.2.1 ClinicalTrials.gov

7 Food Additives and Ingredients

7.1 Associated Foods

8 Minerals

9 Use and Manufacturing

9.1 Uses

Sources/Uses
Used in electronics; [CAMEO] Mineral sources include lepidolite, carnallite, pollucite, and natural springs and brines; [Hawley]
Hawley - Lewis RJ. _Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, _15th Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure

Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Mining [Category: Industry]

9.1.1 Use Classification

Hazard Classes and Categories -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree

9.2 General Manufacturing Information

EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Rubidium: ACTIVE

10 Safety and Hazards

10.1 Hazards Identification

10.1.1 GHS Classification

Note
Pictograms displayed are for 98.8% (79 of 80) of reports that indicate hazard statements. This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.2% (1 of 80) of reports.
Pictogram(s)
Flammable
Corrosive
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H260 (98.8%): In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

H314 (91.2%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P223, P231+P232, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P370+P378, P402+P404, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 80 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 80 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 4 notifications provided by 79 of 80 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

10.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Water-react. 1 (98.8%)

Skin Corr. 1B (91.2%)

Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree

10.1.3 Health Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)

ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Rubidium)

· Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.

· May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water.

· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

10.1.4 Fire Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. (ERG, 2024)

ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Rubidium)

· Produce flammable gases on contact with water.

· May ignite on contact with water or moist air.

· Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.

· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

· May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

· Some are transported in highly flammable liquids.

· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

10.1.5 Hazards Summary

A very reactive alkali metal similar to potassium and cesium; [Sax] Reacts with air and water and must be stored in kerosene or similar liquid; Metal can cause serious skin burns; [Hawley]
Hawley - Lewis RJ. _Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, _15th Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

10.2 First Aid Measures

10.2.1 First Aid

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. (ERG, 2024)

ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Rubidium)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingestedor inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuouscompressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

10.3 Fire Fighting

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING METALS OR POWDERS (ALUMINUM, LITHIUM, MAGNESIUM, ETC.): Use dry chemical, DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or class D extinguishers; in addition, for Lithium you may use Lith-X® powder or copper powder. Also, see ERG Guide 170.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

10.4 Accidental Release Measures

Public Safety: ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Rubidium)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

Spill or Leak: ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Rubidium)

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

Powder Spill

· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.

· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

10.4.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuation: ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Rubidium)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

Fire

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

10.5 Handling and Storage

10.5.1 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

POWDER SPILL: Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2024)

10.6 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

Protective Clothing: ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Rubidium)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

10.6.1 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines

Emergency Response: ERG 2024, Guide 138 (Rubidium)

· DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

Large Fire

· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Metals or Powders (Aluminum, Lithium, Magnesium, etc.)

· Use dry chemical, DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or class D extinguishers; in addition, for Lithium you may use Lith-X® powder or copper powder. Also, see GUIDE 170.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

10.6.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

10.7 Stability and Reactivity

10.7.1 Air and Water Reactions

Tarnishes rapidly upon exposure to air. Reacts violently with water to form corrosive rubidium hydroxide and hydrogen, a flammable gas. The heat of the reaction usually ignites the hydrogen.

10.7.2 Reactive Group

Metals, Alkali, Very Active

10.7.3 Reactivity Alerts

Strong Reducing Agent

Water-Reactive

Pyrophoric

10.7.4 Reactivity Profile

RUBIDIUM is a strong reducing agent. Burns spontaneously in dry oxygen [Mellor 2:468 1946-47]. Readily catches fire in air when molten or with a sulfur vapor [Mellor 2: 469 1946-47]. Causes explosive decomposition of maleic anhydride. [Chem Safety Data Sheet SD-88 1962; Chem. Haz. Info. Series C-71 1960] Burns in chlorine [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:380 1956]. Interaction with mercury is exothermic and may be violent, [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 2, 469].

10.8 Transport Information

10.8.1 DOT Label

Dangerous When Wet

10.9 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Rubidium
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Rubidium: HSNO Approval: HSR001292 Approved with controls

11 Toxicity

11.1 Toxicological Information

11.1.1 EPA Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values

Chemical Substance
PPRTV Assessment
Weight-Of-Evidence (WOE)
Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential
Last Revision
2016

11.1.2 RAIS Toxicity Values

Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose (RfDos) (mg/kg-day)
0.004
Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose Reference
PPRTV Current

11.1.3 Adverse Effects

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

11.1.4 Acute Effects

12 Literature

12.1 Consolidated References

12.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

12.3 Thieme References

12.4 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

12.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

12.6 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

13 Patents

13.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

13.2 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

13.3 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

13.4 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

14 Interactions and Pathways

14.1 Chemical-Target Interactions

15 Classification

15.1 MeSH Tree

15.2 NCI Thesaurus Tree

15.3 ChEBI Ontology

15.4 ChemIDplus

15.5 CAMEO Chemicals

15.6 UN GHS Classification

15.7 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

15.8 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

15.9 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

15.10 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

16 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
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    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. CAS Common Chemistry
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  4. ChemIDplus
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  5. DrugBank
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    https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_use
  6. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  7. EPA DSSTox
  8. EPA Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs)
  9. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
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    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
  10. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
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  11. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
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    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  12. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
  13. Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS)
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    https://rais.ornl.gov/
  14. Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
  15. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
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    https://www.cancer.gov/policies/copyright-reuse
  18. Open Targets
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    https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
  19. RRUFF Project
  20. ChEMBL
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    http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html
  21. ClinicalTrials.gov
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    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-site/terms-conditions#Use
  22. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
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    http://ctdbase.org/about/legal.jsp
  23. Crystallography Open Database (COD)
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    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
  24. FooDB
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    https://foodb.ca/about
  25. National Drug Code (NDC) Directory
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    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  26. PubChem Elements
  27. SpringerMaterials
  28. Thieme Chemistry
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    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  32. PubChem
  33. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  34. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
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    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  35. EPA Substance Registry Services
  36. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
CONTENTS