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Diethyldichlorosilane

PubChem CID
15589
Structure
Diethyldichlorosilane_small.png
Diethyldichlorosilane_3D_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • Dichlorodiethylsilane
  • 1719-53-5
  • DIETHYLDICHLOROSILANE
  • Dichloro(diethyl)silane
  • Silane, dichlorodiethyl-
Molecular Weight
157.11 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-03-27
  • Modify:
    2024-12-27
Description
Diethyldichlorosilane appears as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 77 °F. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Vapors are heavier than air.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Diethyldichlorosilane.png

1.2 3D Conformer

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

dichloro(diethyl)silane
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C4H10Cl2Si/c1-3-7(5,6)4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

BYLOHCRAPOSXLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

CC[Si](CC)(Cl)Cl
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.2 Molecular Formula

C4H10Cl2Si
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

1719-53-5

2.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.4 UNII

2.3.5 UN Number

2.3.6 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.7 Nikkaji Number

2.3.8 Wikidata

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
157.11 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
155.9928822 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
155.9928822 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
0Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
7
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
47.7
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Diethyldichlorosilane appears as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 77 °F. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Vapors are heavier than air.
Colorless liquid; [HSDB] Acrid odor; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

3.2.2 Color / Form

Colorless liquid
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 417

3.2.3 Boiling Point

262 to 266 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
129 °C (decomposes)
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-154

3.2.4 Melting Point

-141.7 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
-96.5 °C
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-154

3.2.5 Flash Point

75.2 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
77 °F (25 °C) (open cup)
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 417

3.2.6 Solubility

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
1 G SOL IN 100 ML ETHER
Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C-708

3.2.7 Density

1.05 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
1.0504 g/cu cm at 20 °C
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-154

3.2.8 Vapor Density

5.41 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
5.14 (Air = 1)
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. V2: 1183

3.2.9 Vapor Pressure

5 mmHg at 56.7 °F ; 10 mmHg at 77.7 °F; 20 mmHg at 99.9 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
11.9 [mmHg]
VP: 5.386 kPa (40.4 mm Hg) at 48.10 °C
Boublik, T., Fried, V., and Hala, E., The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances. Second Revised Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1984., p. 275
11.9 mm Hg at 25 °C
Boublik, T., Fried, V., and Hala, E., The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances. Second Revised Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1984.

3.2.10 Stability / Shelf Life

Decomp in cold water
Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C-708
Decomposes in alcohol
Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 2397

3.2.11 Decomposition

Hydrogen chloride and phosgene gases may form; both are toxic and irritating.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
The silanes decomp at elevated temp to liberate hydrogen and deposit a high purity silicon, which leads to some of the principal uses of silanes. /Silanes/
Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 3035
When heated to decomposition ... it emits toxic and corrosive fumes of /Hydrogen chloride/.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1184

3.2.12 Corrosivity

Corrosive
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. V2: 1183

3.2.13 Heat of Vaporization

10,038.6 gcal/gmol
Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. D-728

3.2.14 Refractive Index

Index of refraction: 1.4309 at 20 °C/D
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-154

3.2.15 Kovats Retention Index

Standard non-polar
809, 831, 822.6, 813
Semi-standard non-polar
801.9

3.2.16 Other Experimental Properties

Readily hydrolyzed with liberation of hydrochloric acid
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 417
The reaction of organosilanes with halogens and halogen compounds usually proceeds in good yield through cleavage of the Si--H bond and formation of the silicon-halogen bond. Reaction with fluorine, however, does not proceed satisfactorily because of cleavage of not only the Si--H but also C--Si and C--H bonds. Direct halogenation with chlorination, bromine, and iodine proceeds smoothly, however. /Organosilanes/
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. V20: 900 (1982)

3.3 SpringerMaterials Properties

3.4 Chemical Classes

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Chlorosilanes

4 Spectral Information

4.1 1D NMR Spectra

4.1.1 1H NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Varian CFT-20
Copyright
Copyright © 2009-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Catalog Number
274208
Copyright
Copyright © 2021-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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4.1.2 13C NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Source of Sample
Fluka AG, Buchs, Switzerland
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Catalog Number
274208
Copyright
Copyright © 2021-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.2 Mass Spectrometry

4.2.1 GC-MS

1 of 3
View All
NIST Number
76121
Library
Main library
Total Peaks
48
m/z Top Peak
127
m/z 2nd Highest
129
m/z 3rd Highest
99
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 3
View All
NIST Number
237008
Library
Replicate library
Total Peaks
67
m/z Top Peak
127
m/z 2nd Highest
129
m/z 3rd Highest
99
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.2.2 Other MS

Other MS
MASS: 76121 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral Database, 1990 version); 549 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York)

4.3 IR Spectra

IR Spectra
IR: 1226 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection)

4.3.1 FTIR Spectra

Technique
CAPILLARY CELL: NEAT
Source of Sample
Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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4.3.2 ATR-IR Spectra

Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
274208
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.3.3 Near IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
BRUKER IFS 88
Technique
NIR
Source of Spectrum
Prof. Buback, University of Goettingen, Germany
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Instrument Name
BRUKER IFS 88
Technique
NIR
Source of Spectrum
Prof. Buback, University of Goettingen, Germany
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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4.3.4 Vapor Phase IR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
Vapor Phase
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
274208
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Catalog Number
274208
Copyright
Copyright © 2021-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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6 Chemical Vendors

7 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

7.1 Metabolism / Metabolites

... Chlorosilanes will be rapidly hydrolyzed upon contact with tissue fluids to release hydrochloric acid. /Chlorosilanes/
ITC/USEPA; Information Review #223 (Draft) Chlorosilanes p.7 (1981)

8 Use and Manufacturing

8.1 Uses

Sources/Uses
Used as an intermediate in the production of silicones; [HSDB]
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure
Intermediate for silicones
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 417

8.1.1 Use Classification

Hazard Classes and Categories -> Corrosives, Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree

8.2 Methods of Manufacturing

Reaction of powdered silicon and ethyl chloride at 300 °C, in presence of copper powder
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 417

8.3 U.S. Production

(1977) Not produced commercially in USA
SRI
(1979) Not produced commercially in USA
SRI

8.4 General Manufacturing Information

EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Silane, dichlorodiethyl-: ACTIVE
Grade: Technical
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 417

9 Safety and Hazards

9.1 Hazards Identification

ERG Hazard Classes
Water-reactive material (WR)

9.1.1 GHS Classification

Pictogram(s)
Flammable
Corrosive
Irritant
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H335 (84.8%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P321, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 46 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

9.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Flam. Liq. 3 (100%)

Skin Corr. 1B (100%)

STOT SE 3 (84.8%)

Corrosives, Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree

9.1.3 Health Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators (cause eye irritation and flow of tears). Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)

ERG 2024, Guide 155 (Diethyldichlorosilane)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

· Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators (cause eye irritation and flow of tears).

· Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases.

· Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.

· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

9.1.4 Fire Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. (ERG, 2024)

ERG 2024, Guide 155 (Diethyldichlorosilane)

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

· Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.

· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.

· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.

· Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff.

· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.

· Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

9.1.5 Hazards Summary

Corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] A lachrymator; High inhalation exposure can cause pulmonary edema; [HSDB] Reacts vigorously with water producing hydrochloric acid and heat; Corrosive to tissue; [CAMEO] Causes burns and lachrymation; Inhalation may cause chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema; [NTP]
Quick CPC - Forsberg K, Mansdorf SZ. Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing, 5th Ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2007.

9.1.6 Fire Potential

Flammable, ... dangerous fire risk
Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 10th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981., p. 345
Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1183
With a little ammonia, it forms a self-igniting product. /Chlorosilanes/
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 893
Certain strong corrosives may, on contact with organic matter or other chemicals, cause fire ... /Corrosive substances/
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 553

9.1.7 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Irritating to eyes, nose, and throat. Harmful if inhaled.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.
Hazard warning: the vapors have adequate warning properties of irritation of the eye, nose, and respiratory passages before sufficient exposure occurs to cause injury to the eyes. The principal danger is from splash contamination. /Chlorosilanes/
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 224
In inhalation exposure/ they have a corrosive action when brought into contact with mucous membranes. /Chlorosilanes/
Lefaux, R. Practical Toxicology of Plastics. Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., 1968., p. 109
Causes severe eye and skin burns. Serious health hazard. May be harmful if inhaled. Irritating to eye, skin, and respiratory system. /Dimethylchlorosilane/
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-66
A skin and severe eye irritant.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1187
/SRP: All chlorosilanes release hydrogen chloride in the presence of water/water vapor./ All the chlorosilanes were found to cause severe damage of the cornea and lids. More severe damage was caused by the alkylchlorosilanes than by tetrachlorosilane (silicone tetrachloride). The principal danger is from splash contamination. /Chlorosilanes/
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 224

9.1.8 EPA Hazardous Waste Number

D003; A waste containing diethyldichlorosilane may (or may not) be characterized a hazardous waste following testing for the reactivity characteristics as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.

9.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

9.2.1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)

9.2.1.1 AEGLs Table
AEGLs
AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)
10 min
0.90
30 min
0.90
60 min
0.90
4 hr
0.90
8 hr
0.90
AEGLs
AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)
10 min
50
30 min
22
60 min
11
4 hr
5.5
8 hr
5.5
AEGLs
AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)
10 min
310
30 min
110
60 min
50
4 hr
13
8 hr
13
9.2.1.2 AEGLs Notes
AEGLs Status: Final

9.2.2 Explosive Limits and Potential

Lower explosive limit: 3.4%; Upper explosive limit: > or = 9.5%
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 920

9.3 First Aid Measures

9.3.1 First Aid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
ERG 2024, Guide 155 (Diethyldichlorosilane)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingestedor inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuouscompressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

9.4 Fire Fighting

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE: CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

9.4.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 318
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing ...
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 318

9.5 Accidental Release Measures

Public Safety: ERG 2024, Guide 155 (Diethyldichlorosilane)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

Spill or Leak: ERG 2024, Guide 155 (Diethyldichlorosilane)

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

9.5.1 Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas

HCl - when spill Diethyldichlorosilane into water.

9.5.2 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1767 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuation: ERG 2024, Guide 155 (Diethyldichlorosilane)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Spill

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

Fire

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Isolation

When spilled in water

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Protection

When spilled in water

Small spill:

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

Large spill:

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.2 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.6 km (0.4 mi)

9.5.3 Cleanup Methods

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

9.5.4 Disposal Methods

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

9.5.5 Preventive Measures

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.
Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment ... Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 318
For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Diethyldichlorosilane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.6 Handling and Storage

9.6.1 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

9.6.2 Storage Conditions

SRP: Operations involving entry into tanks or closed vessels, and emergency situations, require consideration of potentially oxygen deficient, or "immediately dangerous to life and health" IDLH environments. This may necessitate use of a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or a positive pressure supplied air respirator.
All containers, pipes, apparatus, installations, and structures used for mfr, storage, transport or use of these substances must be of material resistant to corrosive substances or be protected by suitable coatings ... All containers or receptacles should be clearly labelled to indicate their contents and should bear danger symbol for corrosives. /Corrosive substances/
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 553

9.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

Protective Clothing: ERG 2024, Guide 155 (Diethyldichlorosilane)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Exposure Summary
TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

9.7.1 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines

Emergency Response: ERG 2024, Guide 155 (Diethyldichlorosilane)

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

9.7.2 Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines

AEGLs

Table: AEGLs for Diethyldichlorosilane (ppm) (interim)

Exposure Time
10 min
AEGL1 (Discomfort)
0.90
AEGL2 (Impaired Escape)
50
AEGL3 (Life-threatening/Death)
310
Exposure Time
30 min
AEGL1 (Discomfort)
0.90
AEGL2 (Impaired Escape)
22
AEGL3 (Life-threatening/Death)
110
Exposure Time
60 min
AEGL1 (Discomfort)
0.90
AEGL2 (Impaired Escape)
11
AEGL3 (Life-threatening/Death)
50
Exposure Time
4 hr
AEGL1 (Discomfort)
0.90
AEGL2 (Impaired Escape)
5.5
AEGL3 (Life-threatening/Death)
13
Exposure Time
8 hr
AEGL1 (Discomfort)
0.90
AEGL2 (Impaired Escape)
5.5
AEGL3 (Life-threatening/Death)
13

U.S. EPA; Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) - Results for Dichlorodimethylsilane. Available from, as of January 13, 2009: https://www.epa.gov/oppt/aegl/pubs/chemlist.htm

9.7.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
Acid-vapor type respiratory protection; rubber gloves; chemical worker's goggles; other protective equipment as necessary to protect eyes and skin.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.
Those who have to handle ... /chlorosilanes/ should wear goggles and if necessary a /NIOSH approved respirator/. Handling should be done as far as possible under suitably ventilated hoods. /Chlorosilanes/
Lefaux, R. Practical Toxicology of Plastics. Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., 1968., p. 109
Where ... /closed-circuit apparatus/ is not possible ... rely on suitable personal protective equipment. Such equipment should ... comprise: corrosion-resistant and impervious suits or overalls, foot protection, hand and arm protection, head, ... eye, and face protection; where corrosive gases /are/ expected, appropriate respiratory protective equipment is required, ranging from simple respirators to air or oxygen lines or self-contained breathing apparatus, coupled with gas-tight goggles ... No universally suitable material for ... personal equipment can be indicated, but ... natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, or polyethylene either in sheet form or with fabric backing are suitable. Where aprons are used ... these should have bibs; sleeves should be worn outside gauntlets or gloves and ... trouser legs should cover tops of shoes in order to prevent splashes .... /Corrosive substances/
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 554

9.8 Stability and Reactivity

9.8.1 Air and Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Readily decomposed by water to hydrochloric acid with evolution of heat.

Diethyldichlorosilane reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous HCl. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of hYDROGEN cHLORIDE gas will be created in 14 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

9.8.2 Reactive Group

Chlorosilanes

9.8.3 Reactivity Alerts

Highly Flammable

Water-Reactive

9.8.4 Reactivity Profile

Chlorosilanes, such as DIETHYLDICHLOROSILANE, are compounds in which silicon is bonded to from one to four chlorine atoms with other bonds to hydrogen and/or alkyl groups. Chlorosilanes react with water, moist air, or steam to produce heat and toxic, corrosive fumes of hydrogen chloride. They may also produce flammable gaseous H2. They can serve as chlorination agents. Chlorosilanes react vigorously with both organic and inorganic acids and with bases to generate toxic or flammable gases.

9.8.5 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Reacts with surface moisture to form hydrogen chloride, which is corrosive to common metals.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
Reacts with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1193
Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials ... In reaction with water or steam it emits toxic and corrosive fumes of /Hydrogen chloride/.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1183-4
With a little ammonia, it forms a self-igniting product. /Chlorosilanes/
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 893

9.9 Transport Information

9.9.1 DOT Emergency Guidelines

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Diethyldichlorosilane (when spilled in water)/

Table: Table of Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Diethyldichlorosilane (when spilled in water)

Small Spills (from a small package or small leak from a large package)
First ISOLATE in all Directions 30 meters (100 feet)
Then PROTECT persons Downwind during DAY: 0.1 kilometers (0.1 miles)
Then PROTECT persons Downwind during NIGHT: 0.1 kilometers (0.1 miles)
Small Spills (from a small package or small leak from a large package)
Large Spills (from a large package or from many small packages)
Small Spills (from a small package or small leak from a large package)
First ISOLATE in all Directions 30 meters (100 feet)
Then PROTECT persons Downwind during DAY: 0.4 kilometers (0.2 miles)
Then PROTECT persons Downwind during NIGHT: 1.1 kilometers (0.7 miles)

U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008308

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water

Name of Material
Diethyldichlorosilane
TIH Gas(es) Produced
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)

U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008344
/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (FLAMMABLE/WATER-SENSITIVE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008
/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (FLAMMABLE/WATER-SENSITIVE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. ... Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008
For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Diethyldichlorosilane (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.9.2 Shipping Name / Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO

UN 1767; Diethyldichlorosilane[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of March 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]
Hazard Class or Division: 8.0; Diethyldichlorosilane[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of March 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

9.9.3 Standard Transportation Number

49 076 09; Diethyl dichlorosilane

9.9.4 Shipment Methods and Regulations

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 23, 2010: https://www.ecfr.gov
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
International Air Transport Association. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 47th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2006.
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.
International Maritime Organization. IMDG Code. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code Volume 2 2006

9.9.5 DOT Label

Corrosive Flammable Liquid

9.10 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Silane, dichlorodiethyl-
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Dichlorodiethylsilane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

9.10.1 DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI)

Chemicals of Interest(COI)
Diethyldichlorosilane
Sabotage: Minimum Concentration (%)
A Commercial Grade
Sabotage: Screening Threshold Quantities
A Placarded Amount
Security Issue: Sabotage/Contamination
Chemical or material that can be mixed with readily available materials.

9.10.2 RCRA Requirements

D003; A solid waste containing diethyldichlorosilane may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.
40 CFR 261.23 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of August 23, 2010: https://www.ecfr.gov

9.11 Other Safety Information

9.11.1 Other Hazardous Reactions

Readily hydrolyzed by moisture, with the liberation of hydrogen and hydrogen chloride.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 524

10 Toxicity

10.1 Toxicological Information

10.1.1 Adverse Effects

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

10.1.2 Acute Effects

10.1.3 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 486
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal (refer to ingestion protocol in Section Three ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 486-7
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 487

10.1.4 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute inhalation exposure may result in sneezing, choking, laryngitis, dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory tract irritation, and chest pain. Higher exposure can cause pulmonary edema, a medical emergency that can be delayed for several hours. This can cause death. Bleeding of nose and gums, ulceration of the nasal and oral mucosa, pulmonary edema, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia may also occur. If the eyes have come in contact with dimethyldichlorosilane, irritation, pain, swelling, corneal erosion, and blindness may result. Dermatitis (red, inflamed skin), severe burns, pain, and shock generally follow dermal exposure. Inhalation irritates mucous membranes. Severe gastrointestinal damage may occur. Vapors cause severe eye and lung injury. Upon short contact, second and third degree burns may occur. Signs and symptoms of acute ingestion of dimethyldichlorosilane may be severe and include increased salivation, intense thirst, difficulty swallowing, chills, pain, and shock. Oral, esophageal, and stomach burns are common. /Dimethyldichlorosilane/
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 921
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation irritates mucous membranes. Contact with liq causes severe burns of eyes and skin ... Vapors cause severe irritation of eyes and throat and can cause eye and lung injury. They cannot be tolerated even at low concn. Causes second- and third-degree burns on short contact ...
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Causes severe eye and skin burns. Serious health hazard. May be harmful if inhaled. Irritating to eye, skin, and respiratory system. /Dimethylchlorosilane/
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-66
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Corrosive to tissue.
Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 10th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981., p. 345
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Diethyldichlorosilane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.1.5 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rats made to breathe for ... 5-15 min vapors of ... diethyldichlorosilane ... showed symptoms of irritation of mucous membranes of eyes and nasopharynx (irritation of ... noses, lacrimation, salivation, difficulty in breathing).
Lefaux, R. Practical Toxicology of Plastics. Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., 1968., p. 109
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /When instilled/ ... into eye of rabbit all these compounds /methyl and ethyl chlorosilanes/, even at very low doses (0.05 mL), caused severe burns of cornea and eyelids ... /When applied/ to the skin of rabbits the region attacked by chlorosilanes blanches and blisters appear; action is more marked the damper surface of skin. /Chlorosilanes/
Lefaux, R. Practical Toxicology of Plastics. Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., 1968., p. 109
/GENOTOXICITY/ Negative in Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA1535 in the preincubation assay with or without 10 and 30% hamster or rat S-9; vehicle control - acetone /From table/.
NTP Database; Search Results for 1719-53-5. Available from, as of January 12, 2010. https://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=1719-53-5
/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Hydrogen chloride AEGL values were adopted as AEGL values for monochlorosilanes, AEGL values for dichlorosilanes were derived by dividing the hydrogen chloride AEGL values by a molar adjustment factor of two, AEGL values for the title trichlorosilanes were derived by dividing the hydrogen chloride AEGL values by a molar adjustment factor of three, and AEGL values for tetrachlorosilane were derived by dividing the hydrogen chloride AEGL values by a molar adjustment factor of four.
U.S. EPA; Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for 26 Selected Chlorosilanes, Interim: 04-2009, p.9. Available from, as of January 13, 2009: https://www.epa.gov/oppt/aegl/pubs/chlorosilanes_interim_apr_2009.v2.pdf
For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Diethyldichlorosilane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.1.6 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Rat oral 2000 mg/kg
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 3098
LD50 Rat oral ~ 600 mg/kg
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 3098

10.2 Ecological Information

10.2.1 Environmental Fate / Exposure Summary

Chlorosilane compounds' production and use as intermediates for silicone products may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams. However, these compounds decompose to release hydrogen chloride upon contact with water or steam. Therefore, volatilization, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important environmental fate processes. /Chlorosilanes/ (SRC)

10.2.2 Environmental Abiotic Degradation

Silane compounds decompose upon contact with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen chloride. Silane ignites spontaneously in air(1,2). With a little ammonia, it forms a self-igniting product(1). /Chlorosilanes/
(1) Lewis RJ Sr, ed; Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. V2: 893 (2004)
(2) Lemen R, Bingham E; Patty's Toxicology. (2007). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Silca and Silica Compounds. On-line posting date: Apr 21, 2001.

11 Associated Disorders and Diseases

Associated Occupational Diseases with Exposure to the Compound
Pneumonitis, toxic [Category: Acute Poisoning]

12 Literature

12.1 Consolidated References

12.2 Springer Nature References

12.3 Thieme References

12.4 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

13 Patents

13.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

13.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

13.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

13.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

13.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

14 Classification

14.1 ChemIDplus

14.2 CAMEO Chemicals

14.3 UN GHS Classification

14.4 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

14.5 EPA DSSTox Classification

14.6 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

14.7 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

14.8 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

15 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
    LICENSE
    CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data.
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. CAS Common Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
  4. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  5. DHS Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) Chemicals of Interest
  6. EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)
  7. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  8. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  9. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
    LICENSE
    Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
  10. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  11. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  12. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
    LICENSE
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.
    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  13. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
  14. Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
  15. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
    LICENSE
    Copyright (c) 2022 Haz-Map(R). All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from Haz-Map are copyrighted by Haz-Map(R). No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
    https://haz-map.com/About
    Diethyldichlorosilane
    https://haz-map.com/Agents/1402
  16. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  17. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
    LICENSE
    Data covered by the Standard Reference Data Act of 1968 as amended.
    https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law
    Silane, dichlorodiethyl-
    http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist1a.cfm
  18. SpectraBase
  19. Springer Nature
  20. SpringerMaterials
  21. Thieme Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The Thieme Chemistry contribution within PubChem is provided under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  22. Wikidata
  23. PubChem
  24. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  25. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
    LICENSE
    Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  26. EPA Substance Registry Services
  27. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  28. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
CONTENTS