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1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine

PubChem CID
135436526
Structure
1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine_small.png
1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine_3D_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine
  • 70-25-7
  • Methylnitronitrosoguanidine
  • MNNG
  • N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE
Molecular Weight
147.09 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Dates
  • Create:
    2019-01-15
  • Modify:
    2025-01-18
Description
N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine can cause cancer according to an independent committee of scientific and health experts.
N-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine appears as a yellow powder. Melting point 244 °F. Decomposes above 212 °F. A suspected carcinogen. Extremely hazardous as a mutagen. Avoid skin contact and inhalation of of vapors. Usually stored frozen (below 32 °F) in polyethylene bottles that are tightly closed and contained in a metal can. May decomposed during prolonged storage and develop sufficient pressure in a closed container to explode. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame.
N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is an N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position It has a role as an alkylating agent. It is functionally related to a nitroguanidine.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine.png

1.2 3D Conformer

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine
Computed by LexiChem 2.6.6 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C2H5N5O3/c1-6(5-8)2(3)4-7(9)10/h1H3,(H2,3,4)
Computed by InChI 1.0.5 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)

2.1.3 InChIKey

VZUNGTLZRAYYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.5 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)

2.1.4 SMILES

CN(C(=N)N[N+](=O)[O-])N=O
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

C2H5N5O3
Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

70-25-7

2.3.2 Deprecated CAS

100234-53-5

2.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.4 UNII

2.3.5 UN Number

2.3.6 ChEBI ID

2.3.7 ChEMBL ID

2.3.8 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.9 HMDB ID

2.3.10 KEGG ID

2.3.11 Metabolomics Workbench ID

2.3.12 NCI Thesaurus Code

2.3.13 NSC Number

2.3.14 Wikidata

2.3.15 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • Methylnitronitrosoguanidine
  • Methylnitrosonitroguanidine
  • MNNG
  • N Methyl N' nitro N nitrosoguanidine
  • N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
  • Nitrosomethylnitroguanidine
  • Nitrosonitromethylguanidine

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
147.09 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Property Name
XLogP3-AA
Property Value
0.1
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
5
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
147.03923904 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
147.03923904 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
114 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
10
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
161
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2019.01.04)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

N-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine appears as a yellow powder. Melting point 244 °F. Decomposes above 212 °F. A suspected carcinogen. Extremely hazardous as a mutagen. Avoid skin contact and inhalation of of vapors. Usually stored frozen (below 32 °F) in polyethylene bottles that are tightly closed and contained in a metal can. May decomposed during prolonged storage and develop sufficient pressure in a closed container to explode. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame.
Yellow solid; [Merck Index] Pale yellow to pink solid; Light sensitive, changes color to orange and green; [HSDB] Yellow crystals; [Aldrich MSDS]

3.2.2 Color / Form

Crystals from methanol
Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V4: 3057
Pale yellow to pink crystals
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4: 183 (1974)
Yellow crystals from methanol.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1131

3.2.3 Boiling Point

BP: 89-97 °C at 225 °C
Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V4: 3057

3.2.4 Melting Point

244 °F (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
118 °C (decomposes)
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1131
MP: 118-123.5 °C (with desomposition)
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4: 183 (1974)

3.2.5 Solubility

Reacts with water violently (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Slightly soluble in water (less than 0.5%)
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4: 183 (1974)
Soluble in polar organic solvents (often accompanied by decomposition)
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4: 183 (1974)
Soluble in DMSO
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-382

3.2.6 Vapor Pressure

0.00012 [mmHg]

3.2.7 Stability / Shelf Life

Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Pure compound is sensitive to light, changing to orange and green colors. Degradation products arising from prolonged or inadequate storage include N-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine, N-nitroguanidine, nitrocyanamide and guanidine. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-n-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG) is more stable than comparable alkyl-nitrosoureas and alkylnitrosourethanes. Thus, at room temp, the half life at ph 8 is about 200 hr. At ph 7.0 (phosphate buffer) and 37 °C, the half life is 170 hr. ... /It was shown that/ tap water decomposes MNNG much more rapidly than does deionized water.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4 183 (1974)
Although the crude product from the aqueous nitrosation is pyrophoric, recrystallized material is stable (though powerfully mutagenic).
Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 289

3.2.8 Decomposition

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx).
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of ... /nitrogen oxides/.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2484

3.2.9 Other Experimental Properties

At acid pH slowly releases nitrous acid to give N-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine; it is converted by concentrated aqueous alkali hydroxide to diazomethane; reactions with several nucleophiles are known, especially with amines
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4: 184 (1974)
Reacts with aqueous KOH to form diazomethane: a.f. McKay, J Am Chem Soc 70, 1974 (1948); reacts at acid pH to give methylnitroguanidine.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1131
Pure N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is sensitive to light, changing to orange and green colors.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4: 183 (1974)
Half-life at pH 8 is about 200 hours; at pH 7 (phosphate buffer) and 37 °C the half-life is 170 hours.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4: 183 (1974)

3.3 Chemical Classes

Nitrogen Compounds -> Other Nitrogen Compounds

4 Spectral Information

4.1 1D NMR Spectra

1D NMR Spectra
1H NMR: 9194 (Sadtler Research Laboratories)

4.1.1 1H NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Varian A-60
Copyright
Copyright © 2009-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Catalog Number
129941
Copyright
Copyright © 2021-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.1.2 13C NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Source of Sample
Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Catalog Number
129941
Copyright
Copyright © 2021-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.2 Mass Spectrometry

4.2.1 GC-MS

1 of 3
View All
NIST Number
52438
Library
Main library
Total Peaks
46
m/z Top Peak
30
m/z 2nd Highest
43
m/z 3rd Highest
72
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 3
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Source of Spectrum
Va-0-0-0
Copyright
Copyright © 2020-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.2.2 Other MS

Other MS
MASS: 54238 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral Database, 1990 version)

4.3 UV Spectra

Max absorption: 275 nm (log e = 4.26); 306 nm (log e = 3.18); (in methanol) 402 nm (log e = 2.29)
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4 183 (1974)

4.4 IR Spectra

IR Spectra
IR: 21386 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR grating collection)

4.4.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
KBr WAFER
Source of Sample
Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Technique
KBr WAFER
Source of Sample
ALDRICH CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC., MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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4.4.2 ATR-IR Spectra

Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
129941
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.5 Raman Spectra

Catalog Number
129941
Copyright
Copyright © 2017-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2017-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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6 Chemical Vendors

7 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

7.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Following an oral dose of (14)C-labeled N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, most of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine within 24 hrs and less than 3 percent in the feces. Less than 3 percent of the radioactivity remained in the body as acid-insoluble materials at 24 to 48 hrs.
USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Nitrosamines p.C-17 (1980) EPA-440/5-80-064

7.2 Metabolism / Metabolites

After oral administration of MNNG about 90% is excreted in the urine, mostly as N-methyl-N'-nitro-guanidine, in the first 9 hr. There is evidence that denitrosation of MNNG is effected by enzymes occurring in the stomach, liver and kidney. ...
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4 189 (1974)

7.3 Mechanism of Action

In vitro and in vivo, MNNG causes methylation of nucleic acids, forming mainly 7-methylguanine with smaller amounts of 3-methyladenine, 1-methyladenine, 3-methylcytosine and (6)o-methylguanine. ... MNNG can modify proteins by transferring its nitroguanidine residue, eg, by converting lysine into nitrohomoarginine. Cytochrome C thus modified no longer acts as an electron acceptor. Histones from ascites tumor cells contained nitrohomoarginine after MNNG treatment.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4 189 (1974)

8 Use and Manufacturing

8.1 Uses

Sources/Uses
Used as experimental carcinogen and mutagen; Used formerly to make diazomethane; [Merck Index]
Merck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.
Experimentally as a carcinogen and mutagen. Formerly used in preparation of diazomethane.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1131

8.1.1 Use Classification

Hazard Classes and Categories -> Carcinogens, Mutagens

8.2 Methods of Manufacturing

MNNG can by produced by nitrosation of N-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4 184 (1974)

8.3 U.S. Production

(1977) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA
SRI
(1982) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA
SRI

8.4 General Manufacturing Information

EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Guanidine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-: ACTIVE
EPA TSCA Regulatory Flag
S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.

9 Identification

9.1 Analytic Laboratory Methods

Colorimetric determination by denitrosation with dilute aqueous acids has been described.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4 185 (1974)
Volatile N-nitrosamines were confirmed in foods at concentrations of less than 10 micrograms/kg by full scan low resolution mass spectrometry. Ground samples were vacuum-distilled from mineral oil and condensed in liquid nitrogen-cooled vapor traps. The thawed distillate was extracted, the extract was cleaned up and concentrated, and the N-nitrosamine content was determined by combined gas chromatograph-thermal energy analysis. Positive samples were further cleaned up, trapped from a gas chromatographic column, and purged into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for qualitative confirmation by full scan low resolution mass spectrometry. This procedure was applied to foods spiked at 1 microgram/kg and to fried commercial bacons with volatile N-nitrosamine contents of 2 to 5 micrograms/kg. /N-Nitrosamines/
Hotchkiss JH et al; J Assoc Off Anal Chem 63 (1): 74-9 (1980)

9.2 Clinical Laboratory Methods

Determination of nonvolatile N-nitriso compounds /including N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine/ in biological fluids by liquid chromatography with postcolumn photohydrolysis detection.
Shuker DE G et al; Anal Chem 55 (13): 2152-5 (1983)
A group-selective method for the determination of total N-nitroso compounds (NOC) has been adapted for analysing human urine samples. Nitrate was first removed from urine by an anion-exchange procedure that prevented the significant loss of various added reference NOC and unidentified urinary NOC. The total NOC were then determined by injecting the urine sample (nitrate content less than 1 mmol l-1) or anion-exchange eluate into refluxing ethyl acetate containing either acetic acid for determining heat and acetic acid labile thermal energy analyser responsive compounds (TAC) or into hydrogen bromide for the determination of TAC and NOC. The nitrogen monoxide levels released were measured using thermal energy analysis with chemiluminescence detection, and the differnce between the two determinations represented the concentrations of NOC. The optimum conditions for preventing artefactual nitrosation in urine samples by the addition of sodium hydroxide or sulphamic acid without decomposition of NOC were determined. The influence of time and storage conditions on NOC stability was investigated. Fifteen urine samples collected from volunteers dosed with proline were analysed for total NOC and N-nitrosamino acids revealing a preponderance of unknown NOC. The determination of total NOC in human urine using this group-selective method offers a new approach to the estimation of human exposure to NOC and to isolate hitherto unknown NOC and their metabolites. /N-nitroso cmpd/
Pignatelli B et al; Analyst 114 (9): 1103-8 (1989)

10 Safety and Hazards

10.1 Hazards Identification

10.1.1 GHS Classification

1 of 5
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Pictogram(s)
Flammable
Irritant
Health Hazard
Environmental Hazard
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H228 (97.6%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (97.6%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (95.1%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H411 (97.6%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P203, P210, P240, P241, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 41 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

10.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Flam. Sol. 1 (97.6%)

Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)

Eye Irrit. 2 (97.6%)

Acute Tox. 4 (95.1%)

Carc. 1B (100%)

Aquatic Chronic 2 (97.6%)

Carcinogenicity - category 1B

Acute toxicity - category 4

Eye irritation - category 2

Skin irritation - category 2

Hazardous to the aquatic environment (chronic) - category 2

10.1.3 Health Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:

Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)

10.1.4 Fire Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:

Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence. Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. (ERG, 2024)

10.1.5 Hazards Summary

Mutagenic to human cells; No expected human exposure outside of laboratories where it is used for research; Evidence of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity in experimental animals; [HSDB] Highly flammable, explosive, and violently reactive with water; [CAMEO] A skin and eye irritant; [eChemPortal: ESIS] Toxic to embryonic development in experimental animals; ]REPROTOX] Causes convulsions, acute pulmonary edema, and ulceration or bleeding from stomach in oral lethal-dose studies of rats; Causes changes to liver, GI tract, blood, and lipids in oral toxic-dose studies of mice; [RTECS] An irritant; [Aldrich MSDS]

10.1.6 EPA Hazardous Waste Number

U163; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate.

10.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

10.2.1 Explosive Limits and Potential

... This material will detonate under high impact, and a sample exploded when melted in a sealed capillary tube.
Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 289

10.3 First Aid Measures

10.3.1 First Aid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's lungs. However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.4 Fire Fighting

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, sand, earth, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING METAL PIGMENTS OR PASTES (E.G. "ALUMINUM PASTE"): Aluminum Paste fires should be treated as a combustible metal fire. Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride-based extinguishers or class D extinguishers. Also, see ERG Guide 170.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

10.4.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Use water spray to cool unopened containers.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

10.5 Accidental Release Measures

10.5.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

10.5.2 Cleanup Methods

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wetbrushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Contain spillage, pick up with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and transfer to a container for disposal according to local regulations.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms. ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal. ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately. ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly. ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated. ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 15
Nitrosamine residues generated in laboratory research or accidental spills in research laboratories and diluted to concn of 10 mg/L or less are rapidly reduced to innocuous amines, ammonia, or alcohols by aluminum-nickel alloy powder and aqueous alkali. The method is applicable to a variety of media (water, mineral oil, olive oil, dimethylsulfoxide, soln of agar gel) but is not recommended for use with nitrosamines in acetone or dichloromethane because reactions are slow and incomplete. After the reduced reaction mixture is filtered, the liquid is disposed of by pouring it over sufficient absorbent material to convert it to a solid waste for incineration. /Nitrosamines/
Lunn G et al; Carcinogenesis (London) 4 (3): 315-19 (1983)

10.5.3 Disposal Methods

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U163, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of April 2, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov
Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... Summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 14
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Total destruction ... by incineration may be only feasable method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable. ... Most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 15
For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.5.4 Preventive Measures

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols.Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.6 Handling and Storage

10.6.1 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

LARGE SPILL: Wet down with water and dike for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

10.6.2 Storage Conditions

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Recommended storage temperature 2 - 8 °C. Light sensitive. May explode when heated.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired. ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 13

10.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

10.7.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Skin protection: Handle with gloves.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent ... Safety pipettes ... for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory ... protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators ... when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons ... gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color. /Chemical carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 8

10.8 Stability and Reactivity

10.8.1 Air and Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Reacts violently with water (NTP, 1992).
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.8.2 Reactive Group

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

10.8.3 Reactivity Alerts

Highly Flammable

Explosive

Water-Reactive

Decomposes at Elevated Temperatures (

10.8.4 Reactivity Profile

N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE will detonate under high impact. It is sensitive to heat. A sample has exploded when melted in a sealed capillary tube. Incompatible with acids, bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Reacts with bases to release highly toxic, irritating and explosive gases. Reacts slowly with acids to release nitrous acid. Reacts with various nucleophiles, especially amines and thiols. Reacts with aqueous potassium hydroxide to form a highly reactive compound. The crude product from aqueous nitrosation is pyrophoric but recrystallized material is stable (NTP, 1992).
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.8.5 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, Product Number: 129941, Version 3.13 (Revision Date 10/12/2018). Available from, as of December 21, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Reacts at acid pH to give methylnitroguanidine.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1131

10.9 Transport Information

10.9.1 Standard Transportation Number

10.9.2 Shipment Methods and Regulations

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 13
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 13

10.9.3 DOT Label

Flammable Solid

10.10 Regulatory Information

California Safe Cosmetics Program (CSCP) Reportable Ingredient

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Authoritative List - EC Annex VI CMRs - Cat. 1B; IARC Carcinogens - 2A; NTP RoC - reasonable; Prop 65

Report - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the product

New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

10.10.1 Clean Water Act Requirements

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Nitrosamines/
40 CFR 401.15 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of November 19, 2018: https://www.ecfr.gov
The levels for nitrosamines through ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms ... which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, and 1X10-7. The corresponding recommended criteria are 8.0 ng/L, 0.8 ng/L, and 0.08 ng/L, respectively. If these estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 12,400 ng/L, 1,240 ng/L, and 124 ng/L, respectively. /Nitrosamines/
USEPA; Quality Criteria for Water 1986: Nitrosamines (May 1, 1986) EPA 440/5-86-001

10.10.2 CERCLA Reportable Quantities

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
40 CFR 302.4 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of November 19, 2018: https://www.ecfr.gov

10.10.3 RCRA Requirements

U163; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).
40 CFR 261.33 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of November 19, 2018: https://www.ecfr.gov

10.11 Other Safety Information

10.11.1 Special Reports

Toxicology Review: Archiv Fuer Tosikologie 28: 135 (1971)
Toxicology Review: Basic Life Sciences 24: 129 (1983)
Toxicology Review: Nutrition and Cancer 3: 109 (1981)
USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Nitrosamines p.A-1 (1980) EPA-440/5-80-064
For more Special Reports (Complete) data for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11 Toxicity

11.1 Toxicological Information

11.1.1 Toxicity Summary

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) is a solid. It is used experimentally as a carcinogen and mutagen. It was formerly used in preparation of diazomethane. HUMAN STUDIES: MNNG can induce DNA damages and many cellular defensive events, such as DNA repair, G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis. Noticeably, diverse cellular responses were observed to occur following MNNG treatment, including nontargeted mutations at undamaged DNA bases, endoplasmic reticulum stress induction and the activation of several signal transduction pathways. ANIMAL STUDIES: Tumors of the forestomach or glandular stomach were observed in rats exposed to MNNG in the drinking water, by stomach tube, and by ip injection; in mice exposed by stomach tube; and in male hamsters and dogs exposed via the drinking water. MNNG also caused tumors of the large intestine in rats exposed by intrarectal instillation. MNNG caused tumors of the small intestine in rats exposed via the drinking water, sc injection, or ip injection and in mice exposed by ip injection. In addition, MNNG caused tumors of the liver and peritoneum in rats exposed orally (by stomach tube or drinking water) and injection-site tumors (fibrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma) in rats exposed by sc injection. In mice, MNNG administered by sc injection caused benign tumors of the liver, lung, and blood vessels (hemangoendothelioma) and by dermal application caused benign and malignant skin tumors (papilloma and carcinoma). MNNG is a potent inducer of cellular stress leading to chromosomal aberrations, point mutations, and cell killing. A high frequency of mutation was induced in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase-/- cells on exposure to a relatively low dose of MNNG.

11.1.2 RAIS Toxicity Values

Inhalation Unit Risk (IUR) (ug/m^3)^-1
0.0024
Inhalation Unit Risk Reference
CALEPA
Oral Slope Factor (CSFo)(mg/kg-day)^-1
8.3000000000000007
Oral Slope Factor Reference
CALEPA

11.1.3 Evidence for Carcinogenicity

Inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2A: The agent is probably carcinogenic to humans.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. S7 66 (1987)
N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
DHHS/National Toxicology Program; Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition: N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (November 2016). Available from, as of December 5, 2018: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/index-1.html

11.1.4 Carcinogen Classification

IARC Carcinogenic Agent
N-Methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
IARC Carcinogenic Classes
Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans
IARC Monographs

Volume 4: (1974) Some Aromatic Amines, Hydrazine and Related Substances, N-Nitroso Compounds and Miscellaneous Alkylating Agents

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Additional information
NB Overall evaluation upgraded to Group 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data

11.1.5 Adverse Effects

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

11.1.6 Acute Effects

11.1.7 Interactions

The present study provides experimental evidence of in vivo reduction of genotoxic and mutagenic activities of potent carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) by the strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus Vc. In vitro studies revealed that coincubation of MNNG with viable cells of L. rhamnosus Vc resulted in the detoxification of the parent compound accompanied with reduction in genotoxicity (69%) and mutagenicity (61%) as evaluated by SOS-Chromotest and Ames test, respectively. Oral feeding of probiotic bacteria L. rhamnosus Vc (10(9) cfu) to Gallus gallus (chicks) for 30 days provided protection against MNNG-induced damage as evidenced from the significant decrease (P = 0.009) in glutathione S-transferase activity in the L. rhamnosus Vc+MNNG-treated chicks in comparison to the MNNG-treated chicks. Histopathology of colon and liver showed intact cells and mild inflammation in the L. rhamnosus Vc+MNNG-treated chicks, whereas heavy inflammation and degenerative changes were observed in MNNG-treated chicks. The results indicate that the probiotic L. rhamnosus Vc provided in vivo protection against MNNG-induced colon damage by detoxification of MNNG to less toxic metabolites.
Pithva SP et al; Nutr Cancer 67 (7): 1142-50 (2015)
OBJECTIVES: To investigate if oral omeprazole application induces cancers of fore and glandular stomach in mice. METHODS: A total of 66 eligible male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, which were treated with control reagent, low (6 mg/kg) and high dose omeprazole (30 mg/kg), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, 100 mg/L water), and MNNG plus low and high dose omeprazole, respectively. After 24 weeks, concentrations of acid phosphatase (ACP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) in serum and spleen was examined, and p21 and mTOR levels in stomach were detected. RESULTS: The mouse spleen weight index was smaller in the omeprazole group than the control group, and in the MNNG plus omeprazole groups than the MNNG group. In the fore-stomach, more carcinomas were observed in the MNNG plus omeprazole groups than in the MNNG group. In the glandular stomach, there existed more atypical hyperplasia cases in the MNNG plus omeprazole groups than the MNNG-treated group, and one carcinoma was induced in the MNNG plus high dose omeprazole group. Omeprazole alone caused minor gastric pathological changes. Omeprazole treatment lowered both serum and spleen ACP and NAG levels in both the non-MNNG-treated and MNNG-treated subgroups. In fore-stomach, there existed decreased p21 and mTOR levels in the omeprazole-treated groups than in the control group, and in the MNNG plus omeprazole groups than the MNNG-treated group. CONCLUSION: Omeprazole promotes carcinogenesis of the mouse fore-stomach but not the glandular stomach following treatment with MNNG. Lysosomal hydrolase activity was inhibited and some cancer-associated proteins was dysregulated, which requires further explorations.
Huang L et al; Oncotarget 8 (41): 70332-44 (2017)
Mega-ascorbate intake in diet was more beneficial in alleviating development of gastric cancer in rats when it was commenced after middle of long-term experimental period (initiation of adenomatous hyperplasia but no appearance of malignant lesions) rather than from the beginning of MNNG drinking. A remarkable effect of mega-ascorbate intake was to reinforce surrounding connective tissues to retard the malignant growth.
Kawasaki H et al; Cancer Lett 16 (1): 57-63 (1982)
Hydroxyurea (HU) protected KB (human oral carcinoma) cells specifically against the toxic effect of MNNG.
Aujard C, Trincal G; Carcinogenesis 1 (10): 819-26 (1980)
For more Interactions (Complete) data for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.1.8 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 160
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 160
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 160-1

11.1.9 Medical Surveillance

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... In relation specifically to cancer hazards, there are at present no health monitoring methods that may ensure the early detection of preneoplastic lesions or lesions which may prelude them. Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning additional tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 23

11.1.10 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/GENOTOXICITY/ Fibroblast cell strains were obtained from skin biopsies taken from patients with adenomatoses of the colon and rectum (ACR), and their relatives. A total of 50 different fibroblast strains were tested for their frequencies of sister chromatid exchange in vitro. These strains included nine from patients with the Gardner syndrome, 21 from patients with non-Gardner ACR, and 20 cell strains from healthy relatives who were not at an increased risk for ACR. In 23 strains, the sister chromatid exchange frequencies after in vitro exposure to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG) were also determined. Both with and without MNNG induction, sister chromatid exchange values in the Gardner strains were found to be significantly higher than in the control strains (p< 0.02 and p< 0.03, respectively). Non-Gardner ACR strains differed only slightly from controls, thus making the difference between the control group and the pooled Gardner + non-Gardner ACR group not significant. In all groups, there was a significant increase in sister chromatid exchange after MNNG exposure, and those strains which had low sister chromatid exchange values spontaneously, also tended to have relatively moderate sister chromatid exchange values after MNNG induction. There was no significant difference between the ratios of SCE values with and without MNNG exposure in the different groups.
Heim S; Clin Genet 27 (1): 51-8 (1985)
/GENOTOXICITY/ Induction of 6-thioguanine (YG) resistance by chemical mutagens was examined in P3 cells, a line of cells derived from a human epithelial teratocarcinoma cell clone which have a stable diploid karyotype with 46(XX) chromosomes, including a translocation between chromosomes 15 and 20. Efficient recovery of TG-resistant mutants induced by the direct-acting mutagens N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), ... the TG-resistant mutant cells induced by MNNG maintained their resistant phenotype 4-6 wk after isolation. This mutant phenotype was assoc with a >10-fold reduction in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) activity relative to that of the parental P3 cell line, which catalyzed the formation of 4.6 pmol inosine-5'-monophosphate/min/ug protein. ... Thus, P3 cells can be useful for the study of mutagenesis at the HGPRT locus by direct-acting chemical mutagens, as well as by chemicals activated in a cell-mediated assay.
Huberman E et al; Mutat Res 130 (2): 127-37 (1984)
/GENOTOXICITY/ To determine the relationship between neoplastic transformation and increased genetic instability, spontaneous and induced mutation rates were compared in a nontumorigenic, immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line (NL20) and a tumorigenic cell line (NL20T) spontaneously derived from the NL20 line. Using the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus as a marker for determining mutation rate, fluctuation analysis was utilized to evaluate the spontaneous mutation rate. Induced mutation rates were determined for each cell line after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine exposure. Both the spontaneous and induced mutation rates were noted to be significantly higher in the nontumorigenic NL20 cell line, These findings suggest that increasing genetic instability, as measured by spontaneous or induced mutation rate in the HPRT locus, does not correlate with tumorigenicity in these cells.
Wittenkeller JL et al; Oncology 54 (4): 335-341 (1997)
/GENOTOXICITY/ BACKGROUND: N-nitroso compounds (NOC) can cause cancers in a wide variety of animal species, and many of them are also potential human carcinogens. However, their underlying genotoxic mechanisms occurred within the context of chromatin, such as aberrant histone modifications, remained elusive. METHODS: We investigated the dynamic landscapes of histone modifications after N-nitroso compound N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and N-methyl-N-nitroso-urea (MNU) exposure. Among the altered histone modifications, we also investigated the control mechanisms of histone H3 phosphorylation changes and its possible implications on transcriptional repression. RESULTS: ... We find a specific biphasic reduction of histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 (H3S10ph) and serine 28 (H3S28ph), and a rapid decrease of histone H4 acetylation upon MNNG and MNU exposure. Further investigations reveal that the first hypophosphorylation of H3 occurs in a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation enzyme PARP-1 (Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1) dependent manner, whereas the second decline of H3 phosphorylation is at least partially under the control of histone kinase VRK1 (vaccinia-related kinase 1) and dependent on the tumor suppressor protein p53. In addition, DNA damage induced down-regulation of H3S10/S28 phosphorylation also functions in transcriptional repression of genes, such as cell-cycle regulators. CONCLUSIONS: Alkylating damage induced by NOC elicits a biphasic reduction of histone H3 phosphorylation with distinct control mechanisms, which is contributing to DNA damage responses such as the repair-facilitated transcriptional repression. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Identification of the dynamic changes and underlying mechanisms of histone modifications upon NOC exposure would be of great help in understanding the epigenetic regulations of NOC induced DNA damage responses.
Chen K et al; Biochim Biophys Acta 1860 (9): 1836-44 (2016)
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.1.11 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Chronic administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in drinking water causes a high incidence of carcinomas of the glandular stomach in rats. ... Following a single oral dose of (14)C-methyl-MNNG (80 mg/L; 2.5 mg/kg bw), the extent of DNA methylation in the glandular stomach was 9 and 21 times higher than in forestomach and esophagus, respectively. These differences were found to correlate with regional variations in the concentration of cellular thiols, which are known to accelerate the heterolytic decomposition of MNNG. When (14)C-methyl-MNNG was given intragastrically together with the thiol blocking agent, N-ethylmaleimide, covalent binding of (14)C radioactivity to forestomach, glandular stomach and duodenum was almost completely abolished.
Kleihues P, Wiestler OD; IARC Sci Publ 57: 603-8 (1984)
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ The development of ACF (aberrant crypt foci), adenoma and cancer following intrarectal administration of the alkylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) has been described. However, microscopic lesions not previously reported were observed as soon as two weeks following carcinogen treatment. These lesions protrude slightly over the epithelial lining of the colon, with a micropolyp-like appearance. Oriented sections show that the center of these lesions present pseudo-"cystic" appearance, with disorganized crypts made of normal cells. The chorion of the lesion is invaded by numerous inflammatory cells and some ACF may be present nearby. The epithelium lining the cysts and the distorted crypts shows expression of gastric mucin M1/MUC5AC, an early marker of colonic carcinogenesis which is not present in normal colon. This mucin is retained within the "cysts" together with some inflammatory cells. The micropolyps observed contain in a minute form some histological elements described in ulcerative colitis or short-term radiotherapy (distortion of crypts, crypt abscesses, increase of chorion cellularity, infiltration by immune cells). In addition, the presence of bifid crypts nearby suggests mucosal regeneration. Our hypothesis is that these modifications are steps in a normal healing pathway that may in some cases degenerate into precancerous lesions and cancer.
Che TC et al; Tissue Cell 42 (3): 190-4 (2010)
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Epidemiologic studies indicate that the incidence of gastric cancer is higher in males than in females. Although the mechanisms mediating this difference are unclear, a role for estrogens has been proposed. We used Western blotting to evaluate the role of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes ERalpha and ERbeta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats; ERalpha and ERbeta mRNA levels also were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis. The incidence of gastric cancer was significantly higher in male than female rats. In both sexes, ERa expression was similar in MNNG-treated cancerous and noncancerous tissues and normal gastric tissue. However, ERbeta expression in MNNG-treated cancerous and noncancerous tissues was significantly lower in male rats and higher in female rats than that in normal gastric tissue; MNNG-induced cancerous tissue showed the highest ERbeta expression. PCNA expression in MNNG-treated cancerous tissues was higher than that in noncancerous tissues, and was higher in male rats than female rats. Western blotting results were consistent with the mRNA changes determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The present study provides evidence of a sex-associated difference in ERbeta and PCNA expression in MNNG-induced gastric cancers in Wistar rats.
Wakui S et al; Comp Med 61 (5): 412-8 (2011)
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ A single dose of 125 mg/kg body wt MNNG given by intragastric intubation as suspension in 30% aq alcohol to 6 male C3H mice induced 3 squamous cell carcinomas and 1 papilloma of the stomach in 3 mice within 11 to 21 months. Adenomas in small bowel and liver were found in 1 other mouse; spontaneous incidence of GI tumors is considered extremely rare in this species.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V4 185 (1974)
For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (63 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.1.12 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Rat oral 90 mg/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2484
LD50 Rat sc 420 mg/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2484
LD50 Rat iv 80 mg/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2484
LD50 Hamster oral 1070 mg/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2484
For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.1.13 Ongoing Test Status

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is available.[Available from, as of February 1, 2019: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status]
EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of February 4, 2019: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

11.2 Ecological Information

11.2.1 Ecotoxicity Values

LC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm) mature; direct application (filter paper) 10-100 ug/sq cm /technical grade/
Roberts BL et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 3 (1): 67-78 (1984) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of December 4, 2018: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/search.cfm

11.2.2 Ecotoxicity Excerpts

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Cells derived from rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2) and bluegill fry tissues (BF-2) were used as model cell systems to measure cytotoxicity and genotoxicity following exposure to Puget Sound sediment extracts, benzo(a)pyrene and MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine). Sediment was collected from several sites withing Puget Sound (Wasington USA) known to be contaminated with compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Each of the sediment samples was extracted with organic solvents and added to cultures of the 2 model cell systems in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). Following exposure the cultures were evaluated for cell death, mitotic inhibition, stimulatory effects and chromosomal damage. These cell cultures responded to the sediment extracts much as they did to known mutagenic/carcinogenic chemicals which were used as model compounds.
Kocan RM et al; Aquat Toxicol 6 (3): 165-78 (1985)
/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Three different developmental stages of embryonated eggs of Oryzias latipes were exposed to 2-hr pulses of a number of different concentrations of MNU, MNNG, and DENA. Lethality and teratogenic endpoints were assessed through 24 hr posthatch. MNU (greater than or equal to 2.5 mM) and MNNG (greater than or equal to 0.75 mM) exposure at the multicell stage was lethal, but the same exposure during early organogenesis was largely teratogenic. Four days before hatching, embryos were very resistant to MNU and proceeded to hatch normally; 7.5 mM MNU was required to significantly reduce the percent normal hatch. Effects of DENA were equivocal and only seen at the multicell stage. In order to differentiate between potential changes in chorion permeability, and toxicity per cell, the same three stages were exposed to a series of radiolabeled compounds of varying hydrophobicity, and apparent uptake measured. There were no differences in uptake rate or equilibrium concentration between any of the compounds at the different stages. These results suggest that, as in mammals, certain stages of development are more susceptible than others, and that these differences are a result of embryo sensitivity rather than chemical bioavailability. The most sensitive indicator of exposure was posthatch inflation of the swimbladder. Other terata included pericardial edema, anisophthalmia, and partial rupture of the chorion.
Kocher-Becker U et al; Aquatic Toxicol 17 (1): 45-62 (1990)

11.2.3 US EPA Regional Screening Levels for Chemical Contaminants

Resident Soil (mg/kg)
6.50e-02
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
2.80e-01
Resident Air (ug/m3)
1.20e-03
Industrial Air (ug/m3)
5.10e-03
Tapwater (ug/L)
9.40e-03
MCL (ug/L)
4.00e+01
Risk-based SSL (mg/kg)
3.2e-06
Oral Slope Factor (mg/kg-day)-1
8.30e+00
Inhalation Unit Risk (ug/m3)-1
2.40e-03
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed Dermally from Soil
0.1

11.2.4 US EPA Regional Removal Management Levels for Chemical Contaminants

Resident Soil (mg/kg)
6.50e+00
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
2.80e+01
Resident Air (ug/m3)
1.20e-01
Industrial Air (ug/m3)
5.10e-01
Tapwater (ug/L)
9.40e-01
MCL (ug/L)
4.00e+01
Oral Slope Factor (mg/kg-day)-1
8.30e+00
Inhalation Unit Risk (ug/m3)-1
2.40e-03
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed Dermally from Soil
0.1

11.2.5 Environmental Fate / Exposure Summary

N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine's limited production and use experimentally as a carcinogen and mutagen may result in its release to the environment through various waste stream. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine absorbs light at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 70. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its estimated vapor pressure. Biodegradation data in soil or water were not available. If released into water, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected based on a hydrolysis half-life of 19 hours. Since N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is no longer commercially produced, occupational exposure is limited to its use in research. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population is not likely to be exposed to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. (SRC)

11.2.6 Artificial Pollution Sources

N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine's limited production and use experimentally as a carcinogen and mutagen(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste stream(SRC). Its former use in the production of diazomethane(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste stream(SRC).
(1) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 15th ed., Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 1131 (2013)
No evidence was found that N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is produced commercially except as a research chemical(1).
(1) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Some Aromatic Amines, Hydrazine and Related Substances, N-Nitroso Compounds and Miscellaneous Alkylating Agents. Volume No 4: 183-95. Available from, as of Dec 31, 2018: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php

11.2.7 Environmental Fate

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 70(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2018). Hydrolysis is expected to occur in moist soil(SRC) based on a neutral hydrolysis half-life of 19 hours at 25 °C(3).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Dec 31, 2018: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(3) Ellington JJ; Hydrolysis Rate Constants for Enhancing Property-Activity Relationships. Report 1989, USEPA/60073-89/063, NTIS PB89-220479 (1989)
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 70(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). A measured hydrolysis half-life of 19 hours at 25 °C and pH 7 indicate that N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is expected to hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.92(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2018).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Dec 31, 2018: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)
(4) Ellington JJ; Hydrolysis Rate Constants for Enhancing Property-Activity Relationships. Report 1989, USEPA/60073-89/063, NTIS PB89-220479 (1989)
(5) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine absorbs light at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Dec 31, 2018: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(3) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Some Aromatic Amines, Hydrazine and Related Substances, N-Nitroso Compounds and Miscellaneous Alkylating Agents. Volume No 4: 183-95. Available from, as of Dec 31, 2018: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php

11.2.8 Environmental Abiotic Degradation

A neutral first-order hydrolysis rate constant of 2.7X10-2 /hour was measured for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine at 25 °C; this corresponds to a half-life of 19 hours at pH 7(1). N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine absorbs light at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Ellington JJ; Hydrolysis Rate Constants for Enhancing Property-Activity Relationships. Report 1989, USEPA/60073-89/063, NTIS PB89-220479 (1989)
(2) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Some Aromatic Amines, Hydrazine and Related Substances, N-Nitroso Compounds and Miscellaneous Alkylating Agents. Volume No 4: 183-95. Available from, as of Dec 31, 2018: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php
Nitrosamines are rapidly decomposed by photolysis and do not persist for a significant time in water illuminated in sunlight. Thus, it is unlikely that they will be present in high (greater than 1 mg/l) concentrations in surface waters. However, in the absence of light they can be expected to persist. /Nitrosamines/
USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Nitrosamines p.C-7 (1980) EPA-440/5-80-064

11.2.9 Environmental Bioconcentration

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.92(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
(1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Dec 31, 2018: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools/
(2) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)

11.2.10 Soil Adsorption / Mobility

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine can be estimated to be 70(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).
(1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Dec 31, 2018: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(2) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)

11.2.11 Volatilization from Water / Soil

The Henry's Law constant for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is estimated as 1.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).
(1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Dec 31, 2018: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)

11.2.12 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 523 workers were potentially exposed to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in the US(1). Since N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is no longer commercially produce, occupational exposure is limited to its use in research(SRC). Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population is not likely to be exposed to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(SRC).
(1) NIOSH; NOES. National Occupational Exposure Survey conducted from 1981-1983. Estimated numbers of employees potentially exposed to specific agents by 2-digit standard industrial classification (SIC). Available from, as of Dec 31, 2018: https://web.archive.org/web/20110814201043/https://www.cdc.gov:80/noes/

12 Associated Disorders and Diseases

13 Literature

13.1 Consolidated References

13.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

13.3 Springer Nature References

13.4 Thieme References

13.5 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.6 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.7 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

14 Patents

14.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

14.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

14.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

15 Interactions and Pathways

15.1 Chemical-Target Interactions

16 Biological Test Results

16.1 BioAssay Results

17 Classification

17.1 MeSH Tree

17.2 ChEBI Ontology

17.3 ChemIDplus

17.4 CAMEO Chemicals

17.5 UN GHS Classification

17.6 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

17.7 EPA DSSTox Classification

17.8 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Classification

17.9 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

17.10 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

17.11 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

18 Information Sources

  1. California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
    LICENSE
    CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data.
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/7093
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. ChEBI
  4. NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise indicated, all text within NCI products is free of copyright and may be reused without our permission. Credit the National Cancer Institute as the source.
    https://www.cancer.gov/policies/copyright-reuse
  5. California Safe Cosmetics Program (CSCP) Product Database
  6. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
    LICENSE
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.
    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  7. CAS Common Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
    N-Methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
    https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=70-25-7
  8. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  9. DTP/NCI
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise indicated, all text within NCI products is free of copyright and may be reused without our permission. Credit the National Cancer Institute as the source.
    https://www.cancer.gov/policies/copyright-reuse
  10. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    Guanidine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-
    https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  11. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  12. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
    LICENSE
    Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
  13. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  14. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/5104
  15. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
  16. Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS)
    LICENSE
    This work has been sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Environmental Management, Oak Ridge Operations (ORO) Office through a joint collaboration between United Cleanup Oak Ridge LLC (UCOR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and The University of Tennessee, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The Institute for Environmental Modeling (TIEM). All rights reserved.
    https://rais.ornl.gov/
    Methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, N-
    https://rais.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/tools/TOX_search
  17. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
    LICENSE
    Copyright (c) 2022 Haz-Map(R). All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from Haz-Map are copyrighted by Haz-Map(R). No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
    https://haz-map.com/About
    N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
    https://haz-map.com/Agents/6245
  18. ChEMBL
    LICENSE
    Access to the web interface of ChEMBL is made under the EBI's Terms of Use (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html). The ChEMBL data is made available on a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).
    http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html
  19. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
    LICENSE
    It is to be used only for research and educational purposes. Any reproduction or use for commercial purpose is prohibited without the prior express written permission of NC State University.
    http://ctdbase.org/about/legal.jsp
  20. EPA Regional Screening Levels for Chemical Contaminants at Superfund Sites
    Methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, N-
    https://epa-prgs.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/chemicals/csl_search
  21. Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS), Safe Work Australia
  22. NITE-CMC
    N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine - FY2007 (Hazardous substance)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/07-mhlw-0049e.html
  23. Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
    LICENSE
    The copyright for the editorial content of this source, the summaries of EU legislation and the consolidated texts, which is owned by the EU, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
    https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/legal-notice/legal-notice.html
    1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine
    https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/1272/oj
  24. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
    LICENSE
    HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications.
    http://www.hmdb.ca/citing
    1-Methyl-2-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine
    http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0243924
  25. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
    LICENSE
    Materials made available by IARC/WHO enjoy copyright protection under the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literature and Artistic Works, under other international conventions, and under national laws on copyright and neighbouring rights. IARC exercises copyright over its Materials to make sure that they are used in accordance with the Agency's principles. All rights are reserved.
    https://publications.iarc.fr/Terms-Of-Use
    N-Methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
    https://monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications
    IARC Classification
    https://www.iarc.fr/
  26. KEGG
    LICENSE
    Academic users may freely use the KEGG website. Non-academic use of KEGG generally requires a commercial license
    https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/legal.html
  27. Metabolomics Workbench
  28. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
    LICENSE
    Data covered by the Standard Reference Data Act of 1968 as amended.
    https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law
    Guanidine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-
    http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist1a.cfm
  29. SpectraBase
    Guanidine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/GWD4ezOlf8s
    Guanidine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/FXY3soPWkv6
    1-METHYL-3-NITRO-1-NITROSOGUANIDINE
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/38e4ZFSAENF
    1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/M1RtnCdVFl
    1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitosoguanidine
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/9Flbwn5y86n
    1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/6l6UyEEp2SJ
    1-METHYL-3-NITRO-1-NITROSOGUANIDINE
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/LEJKSwEHYw6
    1-METHYL-3-NITRO-1-NITROSOGUANIDINE
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/8SNVDoRUMfo
    1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/7xlDZ0NBhPf
    1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/7h7VBGy53q4
  30. Springer Nature
  31. Thieme Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The Thieme Chemistry contribution within PubChem is provided under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  32. Wikidata
    N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
    https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12263499
  33. Wikipedia
  34. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
    LICENSE
    Works produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  35. PubChem
  36. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  37. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
    LICENSE
    Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  38. EPA Substance Registry Services
  39. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  40. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
CONTENTS