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Triacontane

PubChem CID
12535
Structure
Triacontane_small.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • TRIACONTANE
  • n-Triacontane
  • 638-68-6
  • CHEBI:31006
  • UNII-47A73V7096
Molecular Weight
422.8 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2004-09-16
  • Modify:
    2025-01-11
Description
Aliphatic hydrocarbon waxy solid.
Triacontane is a straight-chain alkane with 30 carbon atoms. It has a role as an animal metabolite.
Triacontane has been reported in Vanilla madagascariensis, Echinacea angustifolia, and other organisms with data available.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Triacontane.png

1.2 3D Status

Conformer generation is disallowed since too flexible

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

triacontane
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C30H62/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-30H2,1-2H3
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

JXTPJDDICSTXJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

C30H62
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

638-68-6

2.3.2 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.3 UNII

2.3.4 ChEBI ID

2.3.5 ChEMBL ID

2.3.6 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.7 HMDB ID

2.3.8 Lipid Maps ID (LM_ID)

2.3.9 Metabolomics Workbench ID

2.3.10 Nikkaji Number

2.3.11 NSC Number

2.3.12 Wikidata

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
422.8 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
XLogP3
Property Value
15.8
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
27
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
422.485151978 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
422.485151978 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
0 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
30
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
241
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Aliphatic hydrocarbon waxy solid.
Waxy solid; [CAMEO] White flakes; [Acros Organics MSDS]

3.2.2 Color / Form

Orthorhombic crystals from ether, benzene
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-514

3.2.3 Boiling Point

841.5 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
451 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-514

3.2.4 Melting Point

150.4 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
65.9 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-514

3.2.5 Solubility

Insoluble in water
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-514
Soluble in ether; slightly soluble in ethanol; very soluble in benzene
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-514

3.2.6 Density

0.775 at 172 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
0.8097 g/cu cm at 20 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-514

3.2.7 Vapor Pressure

2.73X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C (extrapolated)
Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)

3.2.8 Stability / Shelf Life

Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

3.2.9 Refractive Index

Index of refraction: 1.4352 at 70 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-514

3.2.10 Kovats Retention Index

All column types
3000
Standard non-polar
488.4
Semi-standard non-polar
467.01

3.3 Chemical Classes

Other Classes -> Aliphatics, Saturated (>C11)
n-Alkane
S120 | DUSTCT2024 | Substances from Second NORMAN Collaborative Dust Trial | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.13835254

3.3.1 Lipids

Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Hydrocarbons [FA11]

4 Spectral Information

4.1 1D NMR Spectra

1D NMR Spectra
1H NMR: 16732 (Sadtler Research Laboratories spectral collection)

4.1.1 1H NMR Spectra

Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Catalog Number
263842
Copyright
Copyright © 2021-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.1.2 13C NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Source of Sample
Fluka AG, Buchs, Switzerland
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Catalog Number
263842
Copyright
Copyright © 2021-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.2 Mass Spectrometry

4.2.1 GC-MS

1 of 7
View All
Spectra ID
Instrument Type
GC-MS
Top 5 Peaks

71.0 1

85.0 0.69

99.0 0.28

113.0 0.19

83.0 0.18

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2 of 7
View All
MoNA ID
MS Category
Experimental
MS Type
GC-MS
MS Level
MS1
Instrument
SHIMADZU LKB-9000B
Instrument Type
EI-B
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

55 99.99

57 44.30

43 31.80

44 29.70

71 28.80

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License
CC BY-NC-SA

4.2.2 Other MS

1 of 3
View All
Other MS
MASS: 17351 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral Database, 1990 version); 2264 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
2 of 3
View All
Authors
HAYASHI A, DEPT. OF CHEMISTRY, FAC. OF SCI. AND TECHNOLOGY, KINKI UNIV.
Instrument
SHIMADZU LKB-9000B
Instrument Type
EI-B
MS Level
MS
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Ionization
ENERGY 70 eV
Top 5 Peaks

55 999

57 443

43 318

44 297

71 288

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License
CC BY-NC-SA

4.3 IR Spectra

IR Spectra
IR: 30741 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR grating collection)

4.3.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
CAPILLARY CELL: MELT (CRYSTALLINE PHASE)
Source of Sample
Lachat Chemicals, Inc., Chicago Heights, Illinois
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker Tensor 27 FT-IR
Technique
Melt (Liquid)
Source of Spectrum
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Source of Sample
Alfa Aesar, Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog Number
L05386
Lot Number
10183550
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.3.2 ATR-IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker Tensor 27 FT-IR
Technique
ATR-Neat (DuraSamplIR II)
Source of Spectrum
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Source of Sample
Alfa Aesar, Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog Number
L05386
Lot Number
10183550
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
263842
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.3.3 Vapor Phase IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
DIGILAB FTS-14
Technique
Vapor Phase
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Catalog Number
263842
Copyright
Copyright © 2021-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.4 Raman Spectra

Instrument Name
Bruker MultiRAM Stand Alone FT-Raman Spectrometer
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Spectrum
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Source of Sample
Alfa Aesar, Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog Number
L05386
Lot Number
10183550
Copyright
Copyright © 2015-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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6 Chemical Vendors

7 Food Additives and Ingredients

7.1 Associated Foods

8 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

8.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose (perirenal and s.c.) /bovine/ tissues were collected from 6 animals for analysis of their hydrocarbon composition. Qualitative and quantitative determinations were carried out by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although differing in the proportions, a homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples. The isoprenoid hydrocarbons phytane and phytene (phyt-1-ene and phyt-2-ene) were also identified. (These findings have relevance to the health of humans consuming hydrocarbon-contaminated meats.) /n-Alkanes/
Lintas C et al; Lipids 14 (3): 298-303 (1979)

9 Use and Manufacturing

9.1 Uses

They are used mainly in applications for which isoalkanes are not acceptable for biological reasons, e.g., the production of detergents or proteins. /Higher n-Alkanes/
Schmidt R et al; Hydrocarbons. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (1999-2016). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: November 24, 2014
Solid n-alkanes (paraffin waxes) are used in a variety of applications, e.g., ... oxidation, and chlorination reactions. /Higher n-Alkanes/
Schmidt R et al; Hydrocarbons. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (1999-2016). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: November 24, 2014

9.2 Methods of Manufacturing

The liquefaction of coal provides the greatest variety of saturated hydrocarbons. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis produces alkanes from syngas (CO + H2) in the range C1 to C30 or higher depending on the process variant: depending on the catalyst employed, the synthesis yields predominantly liquid hydrocarbons in the gasoline range, along with gases from C1 to C4 when iron-based catalysts are used, while cobalt-based catalysts produce longer chain hydrocarbons in the diesel and wax range that often undergo, depending of the desired product slate, further processing, especially for gasoline generation. While iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts generate complex mixtures that also include branched and olefinic hydrocarbons, cobalt-based catalysts produce streams that are rich in n-alkanes and are therefore suitable raw materials for detergents and for wax products. /Saturated Hydrocarbons/
Schmidt R et al; Hydrocarbons. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (1999-2016). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: November 24, 2014
Suitable sources for n-alkanes with more than six carbon atoms are the appropriate petroleum distillate fractions, from which the n-paraffins can be isolated in high isomeric purity (= 95% linearity) by selective separation techniques, especially fractional distillation. /Higher n-Alkanes/
Schmidt R et al; Hydrocarbons. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (1999-2016). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: November 24, 2014

9.3 General Manufacturing Information

EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Triacontane: ACTIVE
Gas-phase dehydrogenation of n-alkanes over noble-metal catalysts yield the corresponding n-alkenes at low conversion rates (ca. 10%) with predominantly internal double bonds. The corresponding alkenes can be isolated in high purity by selective molecular-sieve processes. /Higher n-Alkanes/
Schmidt R et al; Hydrocarbons. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (1999-2016). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: November 24, 2014

10 Identification

10.1 Analytic Laboratory Methods

The external surface of all insects is covered by a species-specific complex mixture of highly stable, very long chain cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to identify CHCs from four species of Sarcophagidae, Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma, Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans, Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis and Sarcodexia lambens. The identified CHCs were mostly a mixture of n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes and dimethylalkanes with linear chain lengths varying from 23 to 33 carbons. Only two alkenes were found in all four species. S. lambens had a composition of CHCs with linear chain lengths varying from C23 to C33, while the other three species linear chain lengths from 24 to 31 carbons. n-Heptacosane, n-nonacosane and 3-methylnonacosane, n-triacontane and n-hentriacontane occurred in all four species. The results show that these hydrocarbon profiles may be used for the taxonomic differentiation of insect species and are a useful additional tool for taxonomic classification, especially when only parts of the insect specimen are available.
Braga MV et al; Acta Tropica 128 (3): 479-485 (2013)
The chloroform-extractable lipid fraction of dissolved organic matter in seawater was analyzed by gravimetry, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Gravimetric concentrations of dissolved lipids in the Gulf of Mexico were in the range of 60-160 mg/L in near-surface waters and 61-116 ug/L in near bottom waters and accounted for approximately 4% of the dissolved organic C. Over a 12-hr sampling period and a 5-day sampling period extensive variability in dissolved lipid quantity and quality were observed. The major percentage of extractable weight was collected in the polar liquid chromatographic fraction (55-95%). Gas chromatographic concentrations of the aliphatic fractions were in the range of 0.014-0.187 ug/L. Concentrations derived from gas chromatography were consistently lower than gravimetrically-derived concentrations. A number of compounds were tentatively identified by a combination of GC, GC-MS, and authentic standards. The major components of the analyzable dissolved lipids were n-alkanes (C16-C32), pristane, phytane, methyl, ethyl and propyl esters of fatty acids. Minor components included olefins and cycloalkanes, aromatics, short-chained acids, and possibly a lactone and an alcohol. All concentrations and compounds were indicative of a fairly pristine environment. The n-alkane distribution appears to be the result of marine and terrestrial inputs superimposed on a chronic low-level background of oil pollution. The fatty acid esters and other fragment molecules may be the result of the degradation of humic substances. A number of potential indicators of source were isolated. /n-Alkanes/
Kennicutt MC, Jeffrey LM; Mar Chem 10 (5): 367-388 (1981)
Petroleum-related contaminants in seafoods were analyzed. A GC (SIM) method was developed for the determination of contaminants, which covered 7 n-alkanes (C20-C32) and 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including benzo(a)pyrene, and dibenzothiophene (DBT). The detection limits were 2-3 ppb for n-alkane, 0.1-0.2 ppb for PAH and 0.2 ppb for DBT. The concentrations of petroleum-related contaminants in seafoods, collected either from waters that were outside the spill area or before the oil spill, were determined by the GC/MS (SIM) method. Levels of total n-alkanes ranged from nd (not detected) to 532 ppb and those of PAH and DBT ranged from nd to 15.5 ppb. The concentrations of n-alkanes and PAH in the visceral mass of squid and scallops were higher than those in their muscle tissues. /n-Alkanes/
Nemoto S et al; Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan; 39 (1): 31-38 (1998)
Method: EPA-EAD 1625; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Analyte: n-triacontane; Matrix: water; Detection Limit: 1 ug/L.
National Environmental Methods Index; Analytical, Test and Sampling Methods. n-Triacontane (638-68-6). Available from, as of October 31, 2016: https://www.nemi.gov

11 Safety and Hazards

11.1 Hazards Identification

11.1.1 GHS Classification

Note
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 100% (6 of 6) of all reports. Pictograms displayed are for < 0.1% (0 of 6) of reports that indicate hazard statements.
GHS Hazard Statements

Not Classified

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 6 of 6 companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 6 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 6 of 6 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 0 notifications provided by 0 of 6 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

11.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Not Classified

11.1.3 Fire Hazards

Flash point data on this compound is not available, but it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

11.1.4 Hazards Summary

May cause irritation; [Acros Organics MSDS]

11.1.5 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

/Higher alkanes/ may cause eye and skin irritation.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V4 72

11.2 First Aid Measures

11.2.1 First Aid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

11.3 Fire Fighting

A fire in your laboratory involving this chemical should be extinguished with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

11.3.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

11.4 Accidental Release Measures

11.4.1 Cleanup Methods

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

11.4.2 Disposal Methods

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.
Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

11.4.3 Preventive Measures

Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

11.5 Handling and Storage

11.5.1 Nonfire Spill Response

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: You should dampen the solid spill material with acetone, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the adsorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

11.5.2 Storage Conditions

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

11.6 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

11.6.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter.

RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: Permeation data indicate that latex gloves may provide protection from contact with this compound. Latex over latex gloves is recommended. However, if this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, hole or puncture develops, remove them at once. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Skin protection: Handle with gloves.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

11.7 Stability and Reactivity

11.7.1 Air and Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

11.7.2 Reactive Group

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

11.7.3 Reactivity Profile

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as N-TRIACONTANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

11.7.4 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

11.8 Regulatory Information

New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Triacontane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

11.9 Other Safety Information

11.9.1 Toxic Combustion Products

Carbon oxides
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Triacontane. Product Number: 263842, Version 4.3 (Revision Date 07/01/2014). Available from, as of October 28, 2016: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

12 Toxicity

12.1 Toxicological Information

12.1.1 Toxicity Summary

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Triacontane is a higher n-alkane containing 30 carbon atoms (C30). HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples of liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose bovine tissues.

12.1.2 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 241
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 241-2
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 242
Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/
OLSON, K.R. (Ed). Poisoning and Drug Overdose, Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 2012, p. 237
For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for n-Triacontane (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.2 Ecological Information

12.2.1 Environmental Fate / Exposure Summary

Triacosane is a straight-chain alkane with 30 carbon atoms. Alkanes such as triacontane may be components in petroleum products and may be released to the environment through the processing and combustion of petroleum products. If released to air, an extrapolated vapor pressure of 2.73X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates triacontane will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase triacontane will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Triacontane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, triacontane is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2.4X10+8. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1530 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Triacontane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation oxygen consumption values of 8.2 and 7.8 ug/mL for analogous tetracosane (C24) and dotriacontane (C32), respectively, using a soil suspension indicate that biodegradation of triacontane may be a slow environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, triacontane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hours and 8.1 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is more than 2 years if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to triacontane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where petroleum products are used or processed. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to triacontane via inhalation of polluted air, by ingestion of food and dermal contact with water contaminated by combustion effluents. (SRC)

12.2.2 Natural Pollution Sources

Triacontane is detected in various plants used in food and medicinal applications(1).
(1) US Dept Agric; US Dept Agric, Agric Res Service. 1992-2016. Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. n-Triacontane. Available from, as of Nov 17, 2016: https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/phytochem/search

12.2.3 Artificial Pollution Sources

Alkanes such as triacontane may be components in petroleum products(1) and may be released to the environment through the processing and combustion of petroleum products (SRC).
(1) ATSDR Toxicological Profile Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Public Health Service. pp. 105-108. (1999). Available from, as of Nov 10, 2016: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/index.asp

12.2.4 Environmental Fate

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.4X10+8(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that triacontane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of triacontane from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1530 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Triacontane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 2.73X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Biodegradation oxygen consumption values of 8.2 and 7.8 ug/mL for analogous tetracosane (C24) and dotriacontane (C32), respectively, using a soil suspension(4) indicate that biodegradation of triacontane may be a slow environmental fate process in soil(SRC).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Nov 8, 2016: s https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tool
(3) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)
(4) Haines JR, Alexander M; Appl Microb 28: 1084-5 (1974)
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.4X10+8(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that triacontane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1530 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hours and 8.1 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is more than 2 years if adsorption is considered(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 15.07(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation oxygen consumption values of 8.2 and 7.8 ug/mL for analogous tetracosane (C24) and dotriacontane (C32), respectively, using a soil suspension(6) indicate that biodegradation of triacontane may be a slow environmental fate process in water(SRC).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Nov 21, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)
(4) US EPA; EXAMS II Computer Simulation (1987)
(5) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)
(6) Haines JR, Alexander M; Appl Microb 28: 1084-5 (1974)
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), triacontane, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 2.73X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely in both the particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase triacontane will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Triacontane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988)
(2) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)
(3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 8-12 (1990)

12.2.5 Environmental Biodegradation

AEROBIC: Oxygen consumption of 8.2 and 7.8 ug/mL over 10 days was reported for straight chain alkanes tetracosane (C24) and dotriacontane (C32), respectively, using a soil suspension of Hudson-Collamer silt loam soil incubated in the dark at 25 °C(1). By analogy, these test results suggest that biodegradation rates are slow for long chain alkanes such as triacontane (C30) under these conditions(SRC).
(1) Haines JR, Alexander M; Appl Microb 28: 1084-5 (1974)
PURE CULTURE: Using 5 different marine bacterial strains and 4 different nitrogen sources, biodegradation of petroleum oil was examined under aerobic conditions at 26 °C for 10 days. Triacontane, present as a component of the petroleum oil, was degraded by 4 of 5 bacterial strains with certain nitrogen sources, consumption ranged from 5 to 95%(1).
(1) Soli G; pp.141-6 in The Microbial Degradation of Oil Pollutants. Microbial Deg Oil Poll Workshop. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State Univ., Center for Wetland Resources. LSU-SG-73-01. (1973)

12.2.6 Environmental Abiotic Degradation

Triacontane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). Triacontane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5, 8-12 (1990)

12.2.7 Environmental Bioconcentration

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for triacontane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 15.07(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
(1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Nov 21, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(2) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)

12.2.8 Soil Adsorption / Mobility

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of triacontane can be estimated to be 2.4X10+8(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that triacontane is expected to be immobile in soil.
(1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Nov 21, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(2) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)

12.2.9 Volatilization from Water / Soil

The Henry's Law constant for triacontane is estimated as 1530 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that triacontane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 8.1 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years when adsorption is considered(3). Triacontane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Triacontane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 2.73X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(4).
(1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.1. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Nov 21, 2016: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools
(2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)
(3) US EPA; EXAMS II Computer Simulation (1987)
(4) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)

12.2.10 Environmental Water Concentrations

SURFACE WATER: Triacontane concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.6 ug/L in eight stations located in the Guanabara Bay Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sampled from September 2011 to August 2012(1).
(1) Mauad CR; Sci Total Environ 506-507: 656-666 (2015)

12.2.11 Effluent Concentrations

Alkanes (C20-C32) were the most abundant trace organic compounds found in particulate matter from vehicle exhaust with emission factors for triacontane from diesel driven light-duty vehicles of <0.2-0.58 ug/km(1).
(1) Perrone MG et al; Atmos Environ 82: 391-400 (2014)

12.2.12 Sediment / Soil Concentrations

SEDIMENT: Triacontane concentrations were 11-495 ng/g dry weight in sediments samples collected from 14 sites from the Shinano River in Niigata Japan from November 2005 to April 2006(1).
(1) Hori et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 83: 455-461 (2009)

12.2.13 Atmospheric Concentrations

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Triacontane was detected in particulate air samples from Georgia Tech campus, GA at mean concentrations of 0.46 and 1.00 ng/cu m for summer 2005 and winter 2006, respectively(1). A mean triacontane concentration of approximately 10 ng/cu m was reported in the particulate phase of air samples collected in an urban and industrialized area in Prato, Italy during 2002(2). Triacontane concentration was 9.1 and 5.7 ng/cu m in particulate phase in the summer and winter, respectively; the concentration was 0.7 ng/cu m in the vapor phase in both summer and winter; samples were collected in an urban area in Nagoya, Japan in 1991(3).
(1) Yan B et al; Environ Sci Technol 43: 4287-93 (2009)
(2) Cincinelli A et al; Chemosphere 68: 472-8 (2007)
(3) Kadowaki S; Environ Sci Tech 28: 129-35 (1994)
RURAL/REMOTE: Triacontane was detected in particulate air samples from a rural area of Yorkville, GA at mean concentrations of 0.11 and 0.64 ng/cu m for summer and winter, respectively(1).
(1) Yan B et al; Environ Sci Tech 43: 4287-4293 (2009)
SOURCE DOMINATED: Triacontane was detected in particulate air samples from an interstate highway in Georgia at a mean concentration of 0.72 and 1.76 ng/cu m for summer and winter, respectively(1). Triacontane was detected at 31-260 pg/cu m with a mean of 110 pg/cu m in particulate air samples collected near a highway in Raleigh, NC; concentrations in samples collected 275 meters from the highway contained 24-330 pg/cu m with a mean of 100 pg/cu m(2).
(1) Yan B et al; Environ Sci Technol 43: 4287-4293 (2009)
(2) Olson DA, McDow SR; Atmos Environ 43: 2862-2867 (2009)

12.2.14 Plant Concentrations

Triacontane detections in plants used in food and medicinal applications(1). /Triacontane/

Table: 10 of 22 Plants Listed

Genus species
Chamaemelum nobile
Family
Asteraceae
Common name(s)
Roman Camomile; Perennial Camomile; Garden Camomile
Part
Plant
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Aesculus hippocastanum
Family
Hippocastanaceae
Common name(s)
Horse Chestnut
Part
Seed
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Eriodictyon californicum
Family
Hydrophyllaceae
Common name(s)
California Yerba Santa; Gum Bush; Holy Herb; Yerba Santa; Hierba Santa; Consumptive's Weed; Dear's Weed; Tarweed; Mountain Balm
Part
Resin; Exudate. Sap
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Tilia sp.
Family
Tiliaceae
Common name(s)
Basswood, Lime; Linden
Part
Flower
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Matricaria recutita
Family
Asteraceae
Common name(s)
German Camomile; Wild Camomile; Annual Camomile
Part
Plant
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Vinca minor
Family
Apocynaceae
Common name(s)
Periwinkle; Running-Myrtle
Part
Plant
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Digitalis purpurea
Family
Scrophulariaceae
Common name(s)
Purple Foxglove
Part
Leaf
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Medicago sativa
Family
Fabaceae
Common name(s)
Lucerne; Alfalfa
Part
Plant
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Psoralea corylifolia
Family
Fabaceae
Common name(s)
Black Dot; Babchi; Malaya Tea
Part
Seed
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Lycopersicon esculentum
Family
Solanaceae
Common name(s)
Tomato
Part
Fruit
Concn (ppm)
Not reported

(1) US Dept Agric; US Dept Agric, Agric Res Service. 1992-2016. Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Triacontane. Available from, as of Jan 19, 2017: https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/phytochem/search

n-Triacontane detections in plants used in food and medicinal applications(1).

Table: 10 of 21 Plants Listed

Genus species
Oganum marjorama
Family
Lamiaceae
Common name(s)
Sweet Marjoram; Marjoram
Part
Plant
Concn (ppm)
182,000
Genus species
Turnera diffua
Family
Turneraceae
Common name(s)
Damiana
Part
Shoot
Concn (ppm)
130
Genus species
Carica papaya
Family
Cariaceae
Common name(s)
Papaya
Part
Seed Oil
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Citrus paradisi
Family
Rutaceae
Common name(s)
Grapefruit
Part
Fruit
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Clematis vitalba
Family
Ranunculaceae
Common name(s)
Travelor's Joy
Part
Plant
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Cocos nucifera
Family
Arecaceae
Common name(s)
Coconut Palm
Part
Seed Oil
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Coraindrum sativum
Family
Apiaceae
Common name(s)
Cilantro; Coriander, Chinese Parsley
Part
Seed
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Eriodictyon californicum
Family
Hydrophyllaceae
Common name(s)
Bear's Weed; Mountain Balm; California Yerba Santa
Part
Shoot; Bark
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Harpagophytum procumbens
Family
Pedaliaceae
Common name(s)
Devil's Claw; Grapple Plant
Part
Tuber
Concn (ppm)
Not reported
Genus species
Kalanchoe pinnata
Family
Crassulaceae
Common name(s)
Air Plant
Part
Leaf
Concn (ppm)
Not reported

(1) US Dept Agric; US Dept Agric, Agric Res Service. 1992-2016. Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. n-Triacontane. Available from, as of Nov 22, 2016: https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/phytochem/search

12.2.15 Fish / Seafood Concentrations

Catfish samples collected from seven locations in the Arabian Gulf had concentrations of C30 alkanes (possibly triacontane) ranging from not detected to 3.1 ng/g wet weight(1). Mean (range) triacontane concentrations of 274.0 (156-550), 368.2 (not detected-842), and 169.0 (not detected -647) ng/g dry weight were reported in marine winkle (Osilinus attratus) samples collected from three sampling stations off the Coast of Tenerife (Canary Islands) during 1990-1991(2). Mean triacontane concentrations of 216.6, 119.8, and 120.1 ng/g dry weight were reported in intertidal limpet (Patella ulyssiponensis) from 3 sampling stations in the Canary Islands during 1991-1993(3). Mean triacontane concentrations of 246.6, 287, and 329.1 ng/g dry weight were reported in intertidal limpet (Patella crenata) collected during May 1991-December 1993 at 3 sampling stations in the Canary Islands(4).
(1) Al-Hassan JM et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 66: 646-52 (2001)
(2) Pena E et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 57: 803-10 (1996)
(3) Pena E et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 61: 72-79 (1998)
(4) Pena E et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 63: 665-72 (1999)

12.2.16 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

Occupational exposure to triacontane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where petroleum products are used or processed. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to triacontane via inhalation of polluted air, ingestion of food and dermal contact with water contaminated by combustion effluents. (SRC)

13 Literature

13.1 Consolidated References

13.2 Springer Nature References

13.3 Wiley References

13.4 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.6 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

14 Patents

14.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

14.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

14.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

15 Biological Test Results

15.1 BioAssay Results

16 Taxonomy

The LOTUS Initiative for Open Natural Products Research: frozen dataset union wikidata (with metadata) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5794106

17 Classification

17.1 ChEBI Ontology

17.2 LIPID MAPS Classification

17.3 ChemIDplus

17.4 CAMEO Chemicals

17.5 UN GHS Classification

17.6 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

17.7 EPA DSSTox Classification

17.8 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

17.9 LOTUS Tree

17.10 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

17.11 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

18 Information Sources

  1. CAMEO Chemicals
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    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  2. CAS Common Chemistry
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    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
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    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
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  13. LOTUS - the natural products occurrence database
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    https://lotus.nprod.net/
  14. ChEMBL
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    https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law
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    https://www.lipidmaps.org/
  24. Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS)
  25. Metabolomics Workbench
  26. Springer Nature
  27. Wikidata
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  30. GHS Classification (UNECE)
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    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  33. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
CONTENTS