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Maltose

PubChem CID
439186
Structure
Maltose_small.png
Maltose_3D_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • maltose
  • D-(+)-Maltose
  • Malzzucker
  • alpha-Malt sugar
  • Cextromaltose
Molecular Weight
342.30 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-06-24
  • Modify:
    2025-01-18
Description
Maltose is a glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by an alpha-(1->4)-linkage. It has a role as a sweetening agent, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a glycosylglucose and a maltooligosaccharide.
A dextrodisaccharide from malt and starch. It is used as a sweetening agent and fermentable intermediate in brewing (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed).
D-Maltose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Maltose.png

1.2 3D Conformer

2 Biologic Description

SVG Image
SVG Image
IUPAC Condensed
Glc(a1-4)Glc
LINUCS
[][D-Glcp]{[(4+1)][a-D-Glcp]{}}
IUPAC
alpha-D-gluco-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-gluco-hexopyranose

3 Names and Identifiers

3.1 Computed Descriptors

3.1.1 IUPAC Name

(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

3.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,11?,12-/m1/s1
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

3.1.3 InChIKey

GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

3.1.4 SMILES

C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](OC([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

3.2 Molecular Formula

C12H22O11
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

3.3 Other Identifiers

3.3.1 CAS

69-79-4
16984-36-4

3.3.2 Deprecated CAS

1083048-13-8, 47297-42-7, 73824-72-3, 77072-48-1

3.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

3.3.4 ChEBI ID

3.3.5 DrugBank ID

3.3.6 DSSTox Substance ID

3.3.7 KEGG ID

3.3.8 Metabolomics Workbench ID

3.3.9 NCI Thesaurus Code

3.3.10 Nikkaji Number

3.3.11 RXCUI

3.3.12 Wikidata

3.3.13 Wikipedia

3.4 Synonyms

3.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

Maltose

3.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

4 Chemical and Physical Properties

4.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
342.30 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
XLogP3-AA
Property Value
-4.7
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
8
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
11
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
4
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
342.11621151 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
342.11621151 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
190 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
23
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
382
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
9
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

4.2 Experimental Properties

4.2.1 Physical Description

White odorless crystals; [Mallinckrodt Baker MSDS]

4.2.2 Melting Point

102-103 °C
PhysProp

4.2.3 Solubility

780000 mg/L (at 20 °C)
YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)

4.2.4 Collision Cross Section

179.7 Ų [M+Na]+

181.9 Ų [M+K]+

S50 | CCSCOMPEND | The Unified Collision Cross Section (CCS) Compendium | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2658162

4.3 Chemical Classes

Biological Agents -> Disaccharides

4.3.1 Cosmetics

Cosmetic ingredients (Maltose) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)
Skin conditioning; Moisturising; Masking
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

4.3.2 Food Additives

NUTRITIVE SWEETENER -> FDA Substance added to food

4.3.3 Fragrances

Fragrance Ingredient (D-​Glucose, 4-​O-​α-​D-​glucopyranosyl-) -> IFRA transparency List

5 Spectral Information

5.1 Mass Spectrometry

5.1.1 GC-MS

1 of 7
View All
Authors
Ara T, Morishita Y, Shibata D, Kazusa DNA Research Institute
Instrument
Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies
Instrument Type
GC-EI-TOF
MS Level
MS
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Column Name
DB-17MS
Retention Time
1130.01 sec
Top 5 Peaks

204 999

147 993

217 654

361 545

205 417

Thumbnail
Thumbnail
License
CC BY-SA
2 of 7
View All
Authors
Ara T, Morishita Y, Shibata D, Kazusa DNA Research Institute
Instrument
Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies
Instrument Type
GC-EI-TOF
MS Level
MS
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Column Name
DB-17MS
Retention Time
1139.06 sec
Top 5 Peaks

147 999

204 983

361 864

103 799

217 581

Thumbnail
Thumbnail
License
CC BY-SA

5.1.2 LC-MS

1 of 3
View All
MS Category
Experimental
MS Type
LC-MS
MS Level
MS2
Precursor Type
[M+H]+
Precursor m/z
343.1234875
Instrument
Agilent qTOF 6545
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QTOF
Ionization Mode
positive
Collision Energy
10 eV
Top 5 Peaks

145.04844 100

163.05945 71.30

85.02757 37.10

127.03915 28.90

97.02858 18.60

Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 3
View All
MS Category
Experimental
MS Type
LC-MS
MS Level
MS2
Precursor Type
[M+H]+
Precursor m/z
343.1234875
Instrument
Agilent qTOF 6545
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QTOF
Ionization Mode
positive
Collision Energy
40 eV
Top 5 Peaks

84.95734 100

204.80647 69.60

238.86613 50.50

192.85756 47.20

316.73853 44.90

Thumbnail
Thumbnail

5.1.3 Other MS

1 of 3
View All
MoNA ID
MS Category
Experimental
MS Type
Other
MS Level
MS2
Precursor Type
[M+H]+
Precursor m/z
343.35
Instrument
TQD, Waters
Instrument Type
Flow-injection QqQ/MS
Ionization
ESI
Ionization Mode
positive
Collision Energy
60
Top 5 Peaks
244 100
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 3
View All
MS Category
Experimental
MS Type
Other
MS Level
MS2
Precursor Type
[M+H]+
Precursor m/z
343.124
Instrument
qTof
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

343.111450 64

343.124512 59

343.116669 58

343.106201 47

313.067322 29

Thumbnail
Thumbnail

7 Chemical Vendors

8 Drug and Medication Information

8.1 Clinical Trials

8.1.1 ClinicalTrials.gov

9 Food Additives and Ingredients

9.1 FDA Substances Added to Food

Substance
Used for (Technical Effect)
NUTRITIVE SWEETENER

9.2 Associated Foods

10 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

10.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Sweetening Agents
Substances that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc., such as sugar, saccharine or other low-calorie synthetic products. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) (See all compounds classified as Sweetening Agents.)

10.2 Biochemical Reactions

11 Use and Manufacturing

11.1 Uses

Cosmetic Ingredient Review Link
CIR ingredient: Maltose
Sources/Uses
Used as a nutrient, sweetener, stabilizer for polysulfides, and in pharmaceuticals; [Merck Index] Used as a nutritive sweetener; [FDA] Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products; [EPA]
Merck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.

11.1.1 Use Classification

Fragrance Ingredients
Cosmetics -> Skin conditioning; Moisturising; Masking
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

11.1.2 Household Products

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products

Information on 4 consumer products that contain Maltose in the following categories is provided:

• Personal Care

11.2 General Manufacturing Information

EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
D-Glucose, 4-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-: ACTIVE

12 Safety and Hazards

12.1 Hazards Identification

12.1.1 GHS Classification

Note
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 99.5% (188 of 189) of all reports. Pictograms displayed are for 0.5% (1 of 189) of reports that indicate hazard statements.
GHS Hazard Statements

Not Classified

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 188 of 189 companies (only 0.5% companies provided GHS information). For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 189 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 188 of 189 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There is 1 notification provided by 1 of 189 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

12.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Not Classified

12.1.3 Hazards Summary

No evidence of teratogenicity in rabbits, rats, or mice at extremely high intravenous doses (10, 30, and 10 gm/kg, respectively); [Shepard's Catalog of Teratogenic Agents] May cause irritation; [Mallinckrodt Baker MSDS]

12.2 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: D-Glucose, 4-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
D-Glucose, 4-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

12.3 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - D-Glucose, 4-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-: Human health tier I assessment

Evaluation - Chemicals that are unlikely to require further regulation to manage risks to environment

13 Literature

13.1 Consolidated References

13.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

13.3 Springer Nature References

13.4 Thieme References

13.5 Wiley References

13.6 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.7 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.8 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

14 Patents

14.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

14.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

14.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

15 Interactions and Pathways

15.1 Chemical-Target Interactions

15.2 Pathways

16 Taxonomy

The LOTUS Initiative for Open Natural Products Research: frozen dataset union wikidata (with metadata) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5794106
A metabolome atlas of the aging mouse brain. Nat Commun. 2021 Oct 15;12(1):6021. DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26310-y. PMID:34654818; PMCID:PMC8519999.
The Metabolome Atlas of the Aging Mouse Brain: https://mouse.atlas.metabolomics.us

17 Classification

17.1 MeSH Tree

17.2 ChEBI Ontology

17.3 KEGG: Metabolite

17.4 UN GHS Classification

17.5 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

17.6 EPA DSSTox Classification

17.7 Consumer Product Information Database Classification

17.8 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

17.9 LOTUS Tree

17.10 Glycan Naming and Subsumption Ontology (GNOme)

17.11 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

18 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. DrugBank
    LICENSE
    Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)
    https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_use
  3. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    D-Glucose, 4-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-
    https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  4. EPA DSSTox
    4-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID101018093
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  5. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
    LICENSE
    Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
  6. International Fragrance Association (IFRA)
    LICENSE
    (c) The International Fragrance Association, 2007-2021. All rights reserved.
    https://ifrafragrance.org/links/copyright
    D-​Glucose, 4-​O-​α-​D-​glucopyranosyl-
    https://ifrafragrance.org/priorities/ingredients/ifra-transparency-list
  7. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
    LICENSE
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.
    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  8. ChEBI
  9. E. coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB)
    LICENSE
    ECMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource.
    https://ecmdb.ca/citations
  10. LOTUS - the natural products occurrence database
    LICENSE
    The code for LOTUS is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0.
    https://lotus.nprod.net/
  11. Yeast Metabolome Database (YMDB)
    LICENSE
    YMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource.
    http://www.ymdb.ca/downloads
  12. ClinicalTrials.gov
    LICENSE
    The ClinicalTrials.gov data carry an international copyright outside the United States and its Territories or Possessions. Some ClinicalTrials.gov data may be subject to the copyright of third parties; you should consult these entities for any additional terms of use.
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-site/terms-conditions#Use
  13. Consumer Product Information Database (CPID)
    LICENSE
    Copyright (c) 2024 DeLima Associates. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from CPID are copyrighted by DeLima Associates. No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/contents/view/1/6
    Consumer Products Category Classification
    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/
  14. Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
  15. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
    LICENSE
    Copyright (c) 2022 Haz-Map(R). All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from Haz-Map are copyrighted by Haz-Map(R). No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
    https://haz-map.com/About
  16. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
    LICENSE
    Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    D-(+)-Maltose
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  17. Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS)
  18. West Coast Metabolomics Center-UC Davis
    Maltose
  19. FDA Substances Added to Food
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  20. FooDB
    LICENSE
    FooDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (FooDB) and the original publication.
    https://foodb.ca/about
  21. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  22. KEGG
    LICENSE
    Academic users may freely use the KEGG website. Non-academic use of KEGG generally requires a commercial license
    https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/legal.html
  23. MassBank Europe
  24. MassBank of North America (MoNA)
    LICENSE
    The content of the MoNA database is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
    https://mona.fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/documentation/license
  25. Metabolomics Workbench
  26. NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise indicated, all text within NCI products is free of copyright and may be reused without our permission. Credit the National Cancer Institute as the source.
    https://www.cancer.gov/policies/copyright-reuse
  27. NLM RxNorm Terminology
    LICENSE
    The RxNorm Terminology is created by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and is in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from NLM. Credit to the U.S. National Library of Medicine as the source is appreciated but not required. The full RxNorm dataset requires a free license.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/termsofservice.html
  28. Rhea - Annotated Reactions Database
    LICENSE
    Rhea has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that you are free to copy, distribute, display and make commercial use of the database in all legislations, provided you credit (cite) Rhea.
    https://www.rhea-db.org/help/license-disclaimer
  29. Springer Nature
  30. Thieme Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The Thieme Chemistry contribution within PubChem is provided under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  31. Wikidata
  32. Wikipedia
  33. Wiley
  34. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
    LICENSE
    Works produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  35. PubChem
  36. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  37. Glycan Naming and Subsumption Ontology (GNOme)
    GNOme
  38. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  39. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
CONTENTS