[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxidanyl-oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,5Z,7S,10Z,12S,13S,15Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-azanyl-2-oxidanylidene-ethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-azanyl-3-oxidanylidene-propyl)-3,5,8,8,3,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate
- vitamin B12
- [(2R,3S,4R)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxidanyl-oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,5Z,7S,10Z,12S,13S,15Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-azanyl-2-oxidanylidene-ethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-azanyl-3-oxidanylidene-propyl)-3,5,8,8,3,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate
- Create:2016-02-25
- Modify:2025-01-18
- B 12, Vitamin
- B12, Vitamin
- Cobalamin
- Cobalamins
- Cyanocobalamin
- Eritron
- Vitamin B 12
- Vitamin B12
- vitamin B12
- [(2R,3S,4R)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxidanyl-oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,5Z,7S,10Z,12S,13S,15Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-azanyl-2-oxidanylidene-ethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-azanyl-3-oxidanylidene-propyl)-3,5,8,8,3,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
Vitamin B12 is a normal component of human milk. The recommended daily intake in lactating women is 2.8 mcg and for infants aged 6 months or less is 0.4 mcg. Some authorities recommend 5.5 mcg per day during lactation. Supplementation may be necessary to achieve these recommended daily intakes or to correct a known deficiency. Low doses (1 to 10 mcg) of vitamin B12 found in B complex or prenatal vitamins increase milk levels only slightly. Higher daily doses of 50 to 250 mcg are needed in cases of maternal deficiency. The breastfed infant is not exposed to excessive vitamin B12 in such cases, and their vitamin B12 status should improve if it was previously inadequate.
Poor health outcomes in infants with vitamin B12 deficiency include anemia, abnormal skin and hair development, convulsions, weak muscle tone, failure to thrive, mental developmental delay, and potentially abnormal movements. Well-recognized at risk groups are exclusively breastfed infants of mothers with B12 deficiency due to minimal or no dietary intake of animal products or pernicious anemia caused by a maternal malabsorption of B12. Infant vitamin B12 status can be improved through maternal B12 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. Deficient mothers who miss the opportunity to supplement during pregnancy should still be encouraged to supplement during early lactation since infant vitamin B12 status correlates with milk vitamin B12 levels in breastfed infants up to 6 months of age. Although there are cases reported of exclusively breastfed infants with vitamin B12 deficiency having biochemical and clinical improvement through adequate maternal supplementation alone, direct supplementation of the infant is recommended when such treatments are available.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Twelve exclusively breastfed infants between 4 and 11 months of age had biochemical, hematological and clinical findings consistent with vitamin B12 deficiency. Their mothers received a 50 mcg single dose of intramuscular vitamin B12. Within 5 to 8 days after the dose, the infants experienced significantly increased hemoglobin and reticulocyte counts, normoblastic erythropoiesis, improved mental status, regression of abnormal skin pigmentation, and reduction in tremors.
Three hundred sixty-six pregnant women in India received 50 mcg of oral vitamin B12 or placebo capsules once daily beginning during their first trimester of pregnancy and continuing until 6 weeks postpartum. Among 218 infants that underwent neurodevelopment testing at 30 months of age, those born to mothers randomized to vitamin B12 had higher expressive language scores than the placebo group when adjusted for baseline maternal vitamin B12 deficiency. Cognitive, receptive language and motor scores were not different between the two groups. Neurophysiological assessments were then conducted at 6 years of age and there were no differences in the measured brain activity between the two groups.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
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