CDC42 - cell division cycle 42 (human)
Gene
Symbol
Taxonomy
Dates
- Create:2016-09-14
- Modify:2025-01-29
Description
The protein encoded by the CDC42 gene is a small GTPase of the Rho-subfamily, which regulates signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions including cell morphology, migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression. This protein is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc 42, and is able to complement the yeast cdc42-1 mutant. The product of oncogene Dbl was reported to specifically catalyze the dissociation of GDP from this protein. This protein could regulate actin polymerization through its direct binding to Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), which subsequently activates Arp2/3 complex. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 20. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013]
Enables several functions, including GBD domain binding activity; GTP binding activity; and enzyme binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cell surface receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis; and regulation of cell cycle process. Located in several cellular components, including filopodium; microtubule cytoskeleton; and midbody. Part of Golgi transport complex. Implicated in fibrosarcoma. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease; bipolar disorder; pancreatic cancer; and rhinitis.
- CDC42Hs
- G25K
- TKS
- cell division control protein 42 homolog
- G25K GTP-binding protein
- GTP binding protein, 25kDa
- dJ224A6.1.1 (cell division cycle 42 (GTP-binding protein, 25kD))
- dJ224A6.1.2 (cell division cycle 42 (GTP-binding protein, 25kD))
- growth-regulating protein
- small GTP binding protein CDC42
- Cell Division Control Protein 42 Homolog
- Cell Division Cycle 42 Protein
- G25K GTP-Binding Protein
- G25K GTP-Binding Protein, Placental Isoform
- G25K Protein
- cdc42 Protein
- p21 cdc42
Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase (PMID: 15642749). Regulates cell migration (PMID: 17038317, PMID: 22843693). In neurons, plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of filopodia, thin and actin-rich surface projections (PMID: 14978216). Required for DOCK10-mediated spine formation in Purkinje cells and hippocampal neurons. In podocytes, facilitates filopodia and podosomes formation upon DOCK11-activation (PMID: 33523862). Upon activation by CaMKII, modulates dendritic spine structural plasticity by relaying CaMKII transient activation to synapse-specific, long-term signaling (By similarity). Also plays a role in phagocytosis through organization of the F-actin cytoskeleton associated with forming phagocytic cups (PMID: 26465210). Upon activation by PLEKHG4B, involved in actin cytoskeletal remodeling during epithelial cell-cell junction formation (PMID: 33310911).
Isoform
UniProt ID
RefSeq Accession
Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nature. 2021 Aug;596(7873):583-589. DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2. PMID:34265844; PMCID:PMC8371605
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