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Propargyl alcohol

PubChem CID
7859
Structure
Propargyl alcohol_small.png
Propargyl alcohol_3D_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • PROPARGYL ALCOHOL
  • Prop-2-yn-1-ol
  • 107-19-7
  • 2-Propyn-1-ol
  • Ethynyl carbinol
Molecular Weight
56.06 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-03-26
  • Modify:
    2024-12-27
Description
Propargyl alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a geranium-like odor. Flash point 97 °F. Vapors are heavier than air. Used to make other chemicals, as a corrosion inhibitor and a soil fumigant.
Prop-2-yn-1-ol is a terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and an antifungal agent. It is a terminal acetylenic compound, a volatile organic compound and a propynol.
2-Propyn-1-ol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Propargyl alcohol.png

1.2 3D Conformer

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

prop-2-yn-1-ol
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C3H4O/c1-2-3-4/h1,4H,3H2
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

C#CCO
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.2 Molecular Formula

C3H4O
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

C3H4O

CHCCH2OH

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

107-19-7
201740-99-0

2.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.4 UNII

2.3.5 UN Number

2.3.6 ChEBI ID

2.3.7 ChEMBL ID

2.3.8 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.9 ICSC Number

2.3.10 KEGG ID

2.3.11 Metabolomics Workbench ID

2.3.12 Nikkaji Number

2.3.13 NSC Number

2.3.14 RTECS Number

2.3.15 Wikidata

2.3.16 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • 1-propyn-3-ol
  • 2-propyn-1-ol
  • propargyl alcohol
  • propargyl alcohol, lithium salt
  • propargyl alcohol, sodium salt

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
56.06 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
XLogP3
Property Value
-0.4
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
56.026214747 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
56.026214747 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
20.2Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
4
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
38.5
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Propargyl alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a geranium-like odor. Flash point 97 °F. Vapors are heavier than air. Used to make other chemicals, as a corrosion inhibitor and a soil fumigant.
Liquid
Colorless to straw-colored liquid with a mild, geranium odor; [NIOSH]
COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.
Colorless to straw-colored liquid with a mild, geranium odor.

3.2.2 Color / Form

Colorless liquid
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 927
Colorless to straw-colored liquid
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)

3.2.3 Odor

Mild, geranium odor
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1398

3.2.4 Boiling Point

236.5 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
114-115 °C at 760 mm Hg; 100 °C at 490.3 mm Hg; 70 °C at 147.6 mm Hg; 20 °C at 11.6 mm Hg
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1398
114 °C
236.5 °F
237 °F

3.2.5 Melting Point

-54 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
-48 to -52 °C
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1398
-48 - -52 °C
-62 °F

3.2.6 Flash Point

91 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
97 °F
97 °F (36 °C) (Open cup)
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-100
33 °C c.c.
97 °F (open cup)
(oc) 97 °F

3.2.7 Solubility

Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1398
IMMISCIBLE WITH ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 5th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1986., p. 476
Miscible with water
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1398
Solubility in water: miscible
Miscible

3.2.8 Density

0.9485 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
0.9715 at 20 °C/4 °C
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1398
Relative density (water = 1): 0.97
0.9485
0.97

3.2.9 Vapor Density

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.93

3.2.10 Vapor Pressure

12 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)
15.6 [mmHg]
15.6 mm Hg at 25 °C
Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.
Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 1.54
12 mmHg

3.2.11 LogP

log Kow = -0.38
Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., 1995., p. 5

3.2.12 Viscosity

1.68 centipoise at 20 °C
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1398

3.2.13 Ionization Potential

10.51 eV

3.2.14 Polymerization

May polymerize explosively. Polymerization may be caused by elevated temperature, oxidizers, peroxides, caustic solutions, or sunlight. Uninhibited monomer vapor may form polymer in vents and other confined spaces.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-126

3.2.15 Odor Threshold

Odor Threshold Low: 0.15 [mmHg]

Odor threshold from CHEMINFO

0.35 mg/cu m
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001, p. 1839

3.2.16 Refractive Index

Index of refraction: 1.43064 at 20 °C/D
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1398

3.2.17 Dissociation Constants

3.2.18 Kovats Retention Index

Standard non-polar
559, 546, 552, 559, 576, 552, 559, 569, 576, 566, 552.5, 565.8, 549.6, 546
Standard polar
1320, 1334, 1343, 1352, 1395, 1334, 1343, 1352, 1364.5, 1357

3.2.19 Other Experimental Properties

Specific heat: 0.616 cal/g; with water it forms an azeotrope, bp 97.5 °C (39.5 parts by wt propargyl alc and 60.5 parts of water); polymerized by heat or caustic; acidified aq soln resistant to polymerization
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1398

3.3 SpringerMaterials Properties

3.4 Chemical Classes

Other Classes -> Other Toxic Gases & Vapors

4 Spectral Information

4.1 1D NMR Spectra

1 of 2
1D NMR Spectra
NMR: 21 (Varian Associates NMR Spectra Catalogue)
2 of 2
1D NMR Spectra

4.1.1 1H NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Copyright
Database Compilation Copyright © 2021-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker WM-300
Copyright
Copyright © 2002-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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4.1.2 13C NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Source of Sample
Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Copyright
Database Compilation Copyright © 2021-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.1.3 17O NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 W. Robien, Inst. of Org. Chem., Univ. of Vienna. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 W. Robien, Inst. of Org. Chem., Univ. of Vienna. All Rights Reserved.
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4.2 Mass Spectrometry

4.2.1 GC-MS

1 of 5
View All
MoNA ID
MS Category
Experimental
MS Type
GC-MS
MS Level
MS1
Instrument
HITACHI RMU-6M
Instrument Type
EI-B
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

55 99.99

39 24.45

28 18.43

27 16.61

29 14.78

Thumbnail
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License
CC BY-NC-SA
2 of 5
View All
NIST Number
227532
Library
Main library
Total Peaks
27
m/z Top Peak
55
m/z 2nd Highest
39
m/z 3rd Highest
28
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4.2.2 Other MS

1 of 2
Other MS
MASS: 219 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
2 of 2
Authors
YAMAMOTO M, DEP. CHEMISTRY, FAC. SCIENCE, NARA WOMEN'S UNIV.
Instrument
HITACHI RMU-6M
Instrument Type
EI-B
MS Level
MS
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Ionization
ENERGY 70 eV
Top 5 Peaks

55 999

39 245

28 184

27 166

29 148

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License
CC BY-NC-SA

4.3 IR Spectra

IR Spectra
IR: 988 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)

4.3.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
BETWEEN SALTS
Source of Sample
Gaf Corporation, Dyestuff & Chemical Division
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker IFS 85
Technique
Film
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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4.3.2 ATR-IR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
ATR-Neat
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
P50803
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.3.3 Near IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
BRUKER IFS 88
Technique
NIR Spectrometer= INSTRUMENT PARAMETERS=INST=BRUKER,RSN=5066,REO=2,CNM=HEI,ZFF=2
Source of Spectrum
Prof. Buback, University of Goettingen, Germany
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
BRUKER IFS 88
Technique
NIR Spectrometer= INSTRUMENT PARAMETERS=INST=BRUKER,RSN=5066,REO=2,CNM=HEI,ZFF=2
Source of Spectrum
Prof. Buback, University of Goettingen, Germany
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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4.3.4 Vapor Phase IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
DIGILAB FTS-14
Technique
Vapor Phase
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker IFS 85
Technique
Gas-GC
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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4.4 Raman Spectra

Raman Spectra
Raman: 603 (Sadtler Index Research Laboratory Spectral Collection)

4.5 Other Spectra

SADTLER REF NUMBER: 5333 (IR, PRISM)
Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C-467

6 Chemical Vendors

7 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

7.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Propargyl alcohol is quickly distributed and excreted following an iv dose. The majority of the radioactivity ((14)C-labeled test material) was excreted in the urine and as carbon dioxide in the breath of both rats and mice. Oral dosing resulted in a similar rapid (but slower than after iv dosing) excretion pattern, with the bulk of radioactivity being excreted in the urine and exhaled carbon dioxide. Dermal absorption was low due to the volatility of propargyl alcohol. Inhalation exposure resulted in 55 to 63% absorption of inhaled propargyl alcohol at 1 or 10 ppm and only 23 to 33% absorption at 100 ppm. Both species eliminated the majority of the inhaled dose in urine.
EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program's Robust Summaries and Test Plans for Propargyl alcohol (December 2002). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://cfpub.epa.gov/hpv-s/
... /Propargyl alcohol/ can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapor, through the skin and by ingestion.
IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Propargyl alcohol. (Date of review: April 1997). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0673.htm
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally with 40 mg/kg mixture of (1,2,3-(13)C)propargyl alcohol and (1,2-(14)C)propargyl alcohol. Approximately 60% of the dose was excreted in the urine by 96 hr ...
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 6:522

7.2 Metabolism / Metabolites

... While oxidative metabolism of low molecular weight primary alcohols is generally ... catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase, propargyl alcohol is a relatively poor substrate for this enzyme ... The catalase alternative pathway /was studied/. Bovine liver catalase was used, to measure the rate of oxidative bioactivation of propargyl alcohol to 2-propyn-l-al ... /It was/ found the rate to be higher than predicted ... and hypothesized that the oxidative biotransformation of propargyl alcohol to the more reactive alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehyde by liver catalase might be the initial step in propargyl alcohol induced liver injury.
EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program's Robust Summaries and Test Plans for Propargyl alcohol (December 2002). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://cfpub.epa.gov/hpv-s/
Chromatographic analysis indicated that propargyl alcohol is extensively metabolized and one metabolite was identified as a glutathione conjugate. It was assumed that there are multiple glutathione conjugates across the triple bond ...
EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program's Robust Summaries and Test Plans for Propargyl alcohol (December 2002). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://cfpub.epa.gov/hpv-s/
... Inactivation of catalase in isolated hepatocytes only partially inhibited the toxicity of propargyl alcohol /was shown/ ... Propargyl alcohol-induced cytotoxicity, rapid GSH depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation involves metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 rather than catalase or alcohol dehydrogenase /was demonstrated/. Using specific induction and depletion ... /it was shown/ that CYP 2E1 was the enzyme responsible for activation of propargyl alcohol to its aldehyde, 2-propyn-I-al ... /A model was proposed that/ propargyl alcohol is oxidized primarily by CYP 2E1, with a minor contribution by alcohol dehydrogenase, to 2-propyn-l-al. The aldehyde is a chemically active species that can attack vital cellular macromolecules but reacts preferentially with glutathione to form conjugates that undergo urinary excretion. An alternative pathway for the aldehyde is further enzymatic oxidation via aldehyde dehydrogenase to propiolic acid, which could be further, oxidized, conjugated and excreted, or be converted back into the aldehyde ... Depletion of glutathione and formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species), which lends support to the proposed mechanism, /was demonstrated/ ...
EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program's Robust Summaries and Test Plans for Propargyl alcohol (December 2002). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://cfpub.epa.gov/hpv-s/
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally with 40 mg/kg mixture of (1,2,3-(13)C)propargyl alcohol and (1,2-(14)C)propargyl alcohol. Approximately 60% of the dose was excreted in the urine by 96 hr. Major metabolites were identified in the urine by 1- and 2-D NMR and confirmed by isolation and purification of the individual metabolites followed by (13)C FT-NMR and mass spectometry. The proposed pathway involves oxidation of propargyl alcohol to 2-propynoic acid and glutathione conjugation, the first example of multiple glutathione additions to a triple bond. The following final products were identified: 3-((2-(acetylamino)-2-carboxyethyl)thio)-2-propenoic acid, S-S-(3-hydroxypropylidene)-bis(N-acetylcysteine), and 3-((2-(acetylamino)-2-carboxyethyl)-sulfinyl)-3-((2-(acetylamino)-2-carboxyethyl)thio)1-propanol.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 6:522
For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

7.3 Biochemical Reactions

8 Use and Manufacturing

8.1 Uses

EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Used in steel and chemical production; Also used as a solvent stabilizer, fumigant, and corrosion inhibitor; [ACGIH]
ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure

Steel Producing [Category: Industry]

Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Has been used to prevent hydrogen embrittlement of steel; as corrosion inhibitor; solvent stabilizer; soil fumigant /former/; chemical intermediate; lab reagent
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 927
PHARMCEUTICALS
CHEMCYCLOPEDIA 1985 p.110
Chemical synthesis; alloys
O'Donoghue, J.L. (ed.). Neurotoxicity of Industrial and Commercial Chemicals. Volume I. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 1985., p. 126
/Propargyl alcohol/ is used as an inhibitor for the corrosion of steel by hydrochloric acid, as a stabilizer in certain chlorinated hydrocarbon formulations, as a soil fumigant ...
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 6:521
The alcohol is an excellent rust inhibitor, superior in this respect to allyl alcohol. It retains its rust-inhibiting properties at high temperatures and therefore is used for oil drilling.
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 6th ed.Vol 1: Federal Republic of Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 2003 to Present, p. V2 40 (2003)

8.1.1 Use Classification

Hazard Classes and Categories -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree

8.1.2 Industry Uses

  • Intermediates
  • Other

8.1.3 Household Products

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products

Information on 7 consumer products that contain Propargyl alcohol in the following categories is provided:

• Auto Products

• Commercial / Institutional

• Inside the Home

8.2 Methods of Manufacturing

Prepared by heating beta-bromoallyl alcohol with concentrated KOH; ... from formaldehyde and sodium acetylide ... from epichlorohydrin + sodium ... from acetylene and formaldehyde.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1398
Derived from acetylene by high-pressure synthesis.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 927
... Formed as a byproduct (~5%) in the butynediol synthesis from acetylene and formaldehyde ... Copper acetylide serves as catalyst. The reaction can be controlled in such a way that either propargyl alcohol (high acetylene pressure, low formaldehyde concentration) or 2-butyne-1,4-diol (excess formaldehyde) is formed preferentially.
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 6th ed.Vol 1: Federal Republic of Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 2003 to Present, p. V2 40 (2003)

8.3 Formulations / Preparations

Grade: Technical; 75% solution.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 927
97% MIN. ACTIVITY GRADE
CHEMCYCLOPEDIA 1985 p.110

8.4 U.S. Production

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: 1,000,000 lb - <20,000,000 lb

2018: 1,000,000 lb - <20,000,000 lb

2017: 1,000,000 lb - <20,000,000 lb

2016: 1,000,000 lb - <20,000,000 lb

This chemical is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).
EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program. Available from, as of September 28, 2006: https://www.epa.gov/hpv/pubs/general/opptsrch.htm
Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.
Year
1986
Production Range (pounds)
>1 million-10 million
Year
1990
Production Range (pounds)
>1 million-10 million
Year
1994
Production Range (pounds)
>1 million-10 million
Year
1998
Production Range (pounds)
>1 million-10 million
Year
2002
Production Range (pounds)
>1 million-10 million
US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update Rule (IUR). 2-Propyn-1-ol (107-19-7). Available from, as of November 7, 2006: https://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002-vol.html

8.5 U.S. Imports

(1984) 1.85X10+8 g
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION AND GENERAL IMPORTS 1984 p.1-360

8.6 General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
  • Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
  • All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
2-Propyn-1-ol: ACTIVE
In the usual high-pressure butynediol process, about 5% of the product is propargyl alcohol. Some processes give higher proportions of propargyl alcohol.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 6:521
By-product of butynediol manufacture
Hoyt EV, Taylor P; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (2005). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Acetylene - Derived Chemicals. Online Posting Date: May 16, 2003.

9 Identification

9.1 Analytic Laboratory Methods

EPA Method 8090. Gas Chromatographic Method for the detection of ppb levels of nitroaromatic and cyclic ketone compounds. Detection is achieved by an electron capture detector (ECD) for dinitrotoluenes or a flame ionization detector (FID) for the other compounds amenable to this method. For 2-propyn-1-ol, the method detection limit is not given. Precision and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the analyte and essentially independent of the sample matrix.
USEPA; Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste SW-846 (1986)
EPA Method 8250. Packed Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Technique for the determination of semivolatile organic compounds in extracts prepared from all types of solid waste matrices, soil, and groundwater. This method is applicable to quantify most neutral, acidic, and basic organic compounds that are soluble in methylene chloride and capable of being eluted with derivatization as sharp peaks from a gas chromatographic packed column. Under the prescribed conditions, 2-propyn-1-ol has no given detection limit. Precision and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the analyte and essentially independent of the sample matrix.
USEPA; Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste SW-846 (1986)
The analyte can be extracted from water and can be gas chromatographed as determined by Athens-ERL or S-Cubed; it can also be liquid chromatographed.
USEPA/OST; List of Lists: A Catalog of Analytes and Methods p.438 (1991) OST Pub 21W-4005
Method: OSHA 97; Procedure: gas chromatography using electron capture detector; Analyte: propargyl alcohol; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.73 ppb (1.68 ug/cu m).
U.S. Department of Labor/Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Index of Sampling and Analytical Methods. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.html on Propargyl Alcohol (107-19-7) as of October 4, 2006

10 Safety and Hazards

10.1 Hazards Identification

10.1.1 GHS Classification

1 of 5
View All
Pictogram(s)
Flammable
Corrosive
Acute Toxic
Health Hazard
Environmental Hazard
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301 (94.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (45.8%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (54.2%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (45.4%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (40.2%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H331 (59.8%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 (33.1%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (95.4%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 522 reports by companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

10.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Flam. Liq. 3 (100%)

Acute Tox. 3 (94.6%)

Acute Tox. 2 (45.8%)

Acute Tox. 3 (54.2%)

Skin Corr. 1B (100%)

Eye Dam. 1 (45.4%)

Acute Tox. 2 (40.2%)

Acute Tox. 3 (59.8%)

STOT RE 2 (33.1%)

Aquatic Chronic 2 (95.4%)

Flammable liquid - category 3

Acute toxicity - category 3

Acute toxicity - category 3

Acute toxicity - category 3

Hazardous to the aquatic environment (chronic) - category 2

Skin corrosion - category 1B

10.1.3 NFPA Hazard Classification

1 of 2
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NFPA 704 Diamond
4-3-3
NFPA Health Rating
4 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can be lethal.
NFPA Fire Rating
3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.
NFPA Instability Rating
3 - Materials that in themselves are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but that require a strong initiating source or must be heated under confinement before initiation.

10.1.4 Health Hazards

Severe health hazard. Central nervous system depressant. May be fatal is absorbed through skin or inhaled. Causes severe irritation. High concentrations are extremely destructive to mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, eyes and skin. Symptoms of exposure may include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, and vomiting. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

10.1.5 Fire Hazards

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Acrid smoke, fumes (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Flammable. Above 33 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

10.1.6 Hazards Summary

Liquid causes second degree burns after contact for a few minutes. [CHRIS] Toxic to liver and kidneys in rats after repeated exposure to concentrations of 80 ppm; TLV Basis: Eye irritation and liver & kidney damage; A TLV–TWA of 1 ppm (2.3 mg/m3) is recommended for occupational exposure to propargyl alcohol, based on the structural and apparent toxicological similarity to allyl alcohol . . . [ACGIH] A lachrymator; [CHEMINFO] See Allyl alcohol.
ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.

10.1.7 Fire Potential

... Moderate fire risk.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 927
Flammable liquid.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-126

10.1.8 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Severe health hazard. May be fatal if absorbed through skin or inhaled. Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-126
/Propargyl alcohol/ is irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 6:521
ACUTE ... SYMPTOMS: Inhalation--cough, sore throat; Skin--MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness; Eyes--pain, severe deep burns.
IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Propargyl alcohol. (Date of review: April 1997). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0673.htm

10.1.9 EPA Hazardous Waste Number

P102; An acute hazardous waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.

10.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

10.2.1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)

10.2.1.1 AEGLs Table
AEGLs
AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)
10 min
2.5
30 min
2.5
60 min
2.5
4 hr
2.5
8 hr
2.5
AEGLs
AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)
10 min
20
30 min
20
60 min
16
4 hr
10
8 hr
6.6
AEGLs
AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)
10 min
130
30 min
91
60 min
72
4 hr
29
8 hr
14
10.2.1.2 AEGLs Notes
AEGLs Status: Final

10.2.2 Flammable Limits

Flammability
Class IC Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 73 °F and below 100 °F.

10.2.3 Physical Dangers

The vapour is heavier than air.

10.2.4 Explosive Limits and Potential

Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-126
May polymerize explosively. Polymerization may be caused by elevated temperature, oxidizers, peroxides, caustic solutions, or sunlight. Uninhibited monomer vapor may form polymer in vents and other confined spaces.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-126
May polymerize or decompose explosively.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-126
Above 33 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.
IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Propargyl alcohol. (Date of review: April 1997). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0673.htm
Explosive limits , vol% in air: 3.4-70

10.2.5 OSHA Standards

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 1 ppm (2 mg/cu m), skin designation, is still enforced in some states.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 370

10.2.6 NIOSH Recommendations

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 1 ppm (2 mg/cu m). Skin designation.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)

10.3 First Aid Measures

Inhalation First Aid
Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.
Skin First Aid
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.
Eye First Aid
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Ingestion First Aid
Rinse mouth. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

10.3.1 First Aid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's lungs. However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

(See general first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

10.4 Fire Fighting

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

10.4.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-126
If material or fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 755

10.4.2 Firefighting Hazards

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.
IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Propargyl alcohol. (Date of review: April 1997). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0673.htm
Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-126
The odour warning when the exposure limit value is exceeded is insufficient. Vapours are uninhibited and may polymerize, blocking valves and vents.
IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Propargyl alcohol. (Date of review: April 1997). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0673.htm

10.5 Accidental Release Measures

10.5.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

10.5.2 Spillage Disposal

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

10.5.3 Cleanup Methods

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place.
IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Propargyl alcohol. (Date of review: April 1997). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0673.htm
Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-126

10.5.4 Disposal Methods

[40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2006)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P102, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.
USEPA; Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration p.3-10 (1981) EPA 68-03-3025

10.5.5 Preventive Measures

If material not on fire not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 755
Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 755
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.6 Handling and Storage

10.6.1 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

10.6.2 Safe Storage

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Keep in the dark. Well closed.

10.6.3 Storage Conditions

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, food and feedstuffs. Keep in the dark. Well closed.
IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Propargyl alcohol. (Date of review: April 1997). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0673.htm
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Store away from heat, oxidizing materials, acids, alkalies, and sunlight.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-126

10.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAK)
2.0 [ppm]

10.7.2 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

PEL-TWA (8-Hour Time Weighted Average)
1 ppm

10.7.3 Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)

N.D.

See: IDLH INDEX

10.7.4 Threshold Limit Values (TLV)

1.0 [ppm]
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 ppm, skin.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 49
Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 5
1 ppm as TWA; (skin).
TLV-TWA (Time Weighted Average)
1 ppm [1992]

10.7.5 Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)

MAK (Maximale Arbeitsplatz Konzentration)
4.7 mg/m

10.7.6 Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines

/USSR/ limit: 0.5 ppm.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 5th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1986., p. 496

10.7.7 Inhalation Risk

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

10.7.8 Effects of Short Term Exposure

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The vapour is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the liver and kidneys. This may result in impaired functions. Exposure above the OEL could cause death. Medical observation is indicated.

10.7.9 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Propargyl alcohol:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-126
The MSA type GMA chin style common organic vapor canister was tested against nine hazardous vapors in a controlled access laboratory under conditions similar to the most severe expected operating conditions in the field. The vapors tested included chloroform, benzene, epichlorohydrin, acrylonitrile, propargyl alcohol, 1,2-dibromoethane, acrolein, chloromethyl-methyl-ether, and N-nitrosodimethylamine. The challenge concentration was 50 times the assigned TLV or 50 times the lowest practical concentration where no TLV was assigned. A flow rate through the canisters corresponding to 49 standard l/min was used. Tests were conducted at relative humidities of 80% and less than 15%, and all tests continued for 16 hr or until 1% penetration or half the TLV was detected downstream of the canisters. A moderate breathing rate was assumed. The canister, under the experimental conditions, afforded adequate worker protection against chloroform, benzene, and acrylonitrile for a minimum of 4 hr and epichlorohydrin for at least 8 hr. The canister provided adequate worker protection for propargyl alcohol, 1,2-dibromoethane, and acrolein for a minimum of 16 hr. Sixteen hour protection was also adequate for N-nitrosodimethylamine at the 1 ppm challenge level. It is recommended that the canister not be used in a chloromethyl-methyl-ether environment.
Stampfer JF; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 43 (5): 319-328 (1982)
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(See personal protection and sanitation codes)

Skin: Prevent skin contact - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: Prevent eye contact - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: When contaminated

Remove: When wet or contaminated

Change: No recommendation

Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench

10.7.10 Respirator Recommendations

10.7.11 Preventions

Fire Prevention
NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 33 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.
Exposure Prevention
STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!
Inhalation Prevention
Use local exhaust or breathing protection.
Skin Prevention
Protective gloves. Protective clothing.
Eye Prevention
Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
Ingestion Prevention
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

10.8 Stability and Reactivity

10.8.1 Air and Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Less dense than water and soluble in water.

10.8.2 Reactive Group

Alcohols and Polyols

Alkynes, with Acetylenic Hydrogen

Polymerizable Compounds

10.8.3 Reactivity Alerts

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

10.8.3.1 CSL Reaction Information
CSL No
Reactants/Reagents
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE + PROPARGYL ALCOHOL
Warning Message
Propargyl alcohol can polymerize explosively. Strong bases such as KOH appear to lower the onset temperature of this event.
Functional Group
acetylene
Additional Information
ARC experiment of a reaction mixture in neat propargyl alcohol with KOH catalyst ruptured a hastelloy ARC bomb. Onset temperature was 75 degrees C.
Reference Source
User-Reported
Modified Date
9/26/18
Create Date
8/21/18

10.8.4 Reactivity Profile

When phosphorus pentaoxide is added to PROPARGYL ALCOHOL, caused ignition. Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73 1967]; [J. Org. Chem. 28:1893 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].

10.8.5 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Addition of phosphorus pentoxide to propargyl alcohol caused the alcohol to burst into flame.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 491-150
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
If propargyl alcohol and similar acetylene compounds are dried with alkali before distillation, the residue may explode (probably owing to salt formation). Sodium sulfate is recommended as a suitable desiccant.
Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 359
... Hydroxyacetone was being prepared on half the scale by treating propargyl alcohol as a 30% aq soln with mercury sulfate and sulfuric acid (6 g and 0.6 g/mol of alcohol, respectively). On stirring and warming the mixture to 70 °C a violent exothermic eruption occurred. Quartering the scale of operations to 1 g/mol and reducing the amount of acid to 0.37 g/mol gave a controllable reaction at 70 °C. Adding the alcohol to the other reactants at 70 °C is an alternative possibility to avoid the suspected protonation and polymerization of the propargyl alcohol.
Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 359
... Reacts violently with oxidants. Attacks many plastics.
IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Propargyl alcohol. (Date of review: April 1997). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0673.htm

10.9 Transport Information

10.9.1 DOT Emergency Guidelines

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012
For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.9.2 DOT ID and Guide

10.9.3 Shipping Name / Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO

NA 1986; Propargyl alcohol
UN 1986; Alcohols, flammable, toxic, NOS
IMO 3.0; Alcohols, flammable, toxic, NOS

10.9.4 Shipment Methods and Regulations

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/96)
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
International Air Transport Association. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 47th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2006., p. 135
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.
International Maritime Organization. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. London, UK. 2004., p. 96

10.9.5 DOT Label

Flammable Liquid Poison

10.9.6 Packaging and Labelling

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

10.9.7 EC Classification

Symbol: T, N; R: 10-23/24/25-34-51/53; S: (1/2)-26-28-36-45-61

10.9.8 UN Classification

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: II

10.10 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: 2-Propyn-1-ol
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
2-Propyn-1-ol: HSNO Approval: HSR003069 Approved with controls

10.10.1 CERCLA Reportable Quantities

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
40 CFR 302.4; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of August 30, 2006: https://www.ecfr.gov

10.10.2 TSCA Requirements

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 2-Propyn-1-ol is included on this list.
40 CFR 716.120; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of August 30, 2006: https://www.ecfr.gov

10.10.3 RCRA Requirements

P102; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when propargyl alcohol, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).
40 CFR 261.33; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of August 30, 2006: https://www.ecfr.gov

10.11 Other Safety Information

10.11.1 Special Reports

EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program's Robust Summaries and Test Plans for Propargyl alcohol (December 2002). Provides information on usage patterns, toxicity, and environmental effects supplied by industry to the U.S. EPA's HPV CHallenge Program. Available from: http://cfpub.epa.gov/hpv-s/ as of September 07, 2006.

11 Toxicity

11.1 Toxicological Information

11.1.1 EPA IRIS Information

Toxicity Summary
EPA IRIS Summary PDF (Update: Nov-01-1990 )
Critical Effect Systems

Hepatic

Urinary

Reference Dose (RfD), chronic
2 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

11.1.2 RAIS Toxicity Values

Oral Chronic Reference Dose (RfDoc) (mg/kg-day)
0.002
Oral Chronic Reference Dose Reference
IRIS Current

11.1.3 NIOSH Toxicity Data

11.1.4 Exposure Routes

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.
inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

11.1.5 Symptoms

Inhalation Exposure
Cough. Sore throat.
Skin Exposure
MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness.
Eye Exposure
Pain. Severe deep burns.
irritation skin, mucous membrane; central nervous system depression; In Animals: liver, kidney damage

11.1.6 Target Organs

Hepatic

Urinary

Skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver, kidneys

11.1.7 Adverse Effects

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

11.1.8 Acute Effects

11.1.9 Toxicity Data

LC50 (rat) = 1040 ppm/1 hr;

11.1.10 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 232-3
Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 233
FIRST AID: Inhalation--fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention; Skin--Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid; Eyes--First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor; Ingestion--Rinse mouth. Rest. Refer for medical attention.
IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Propargyl alcohol. (Date of review: April 1997). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0673.htm

11.1.11 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Irritating to skin, mucous membranes.
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 1241
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ACUTE ... SYMPTOMS: Inhalation--cough, sore throat; Skin--MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness; Eyes--pain, severe deep burns.
IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Propargyl alcohol. (Date of review: April 1997). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0673.htm
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE: ... /Propargyl alcohol/ is irritating to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. The vapor irritates the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the liver and kidneys, resulting in impaired functions. Exposure above the occupational exposure limit (OEL) may result in death.
IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Propargyl alcohol. (Date of review: April 1997). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0673.htm

11.1.12 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... /Propargyl alcohol/ was administered as a 1.58% solution in Dowanol 50B (dipropyleneglycol monomethyl ether) and remained on the skin of rabbits for 24 hr. There were two rabbits per test group and three test groups at 7.95, 15.8 and 31.6 mg/kg-bw. Mortality in the test groups was O/2, 1/2 and 1/2, respectively. Observation time not reported. Clinical signs were reported at the two higher doses and consisted of slight diarrhea, hyperemia and moderate edema ... The LDlo for this material as a Dowanol-50 solution in the rabbit is 15 mg/kg-bw.[EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program's Robust Summaries and Test Plans for Propargyl alcohol (December 2002). Available from, as of September 07, 2006: http://cfpub.epa.gov/hpv-s/]
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The undiluted material caused hyperemia, edema, and superficial necrosis after topical application to rabbits. Propargyl alcohol was not a skin sensitizer.[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLV's and BEI's with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2005., p. 1]
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Undiluted propargyl alcohol caused marked pain, irritation, and permanent corneal injury when instilled into the conjunctival sac of the rabbit eye. A 10% solution caused slight pain and irritation that cleared; a 1% solution was not irritating.[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLV's and BEI's with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2005., p. 1]
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A concentration of 874 ppm was lethal to mice exposed for 2 hr. Two out of three rats died after a 6-min exposure to a saturated vapor of propargyl alcohol, and exposures of 12 min or longer were fatal to all exposed animals.[Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 6:521]
For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (24 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.1.13 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Rat oral, male: 110 (100-120) mg/kg, female: 55 (50-60) mg/kg
Archer TE; J Environ Sci Health B 20 (5): 593-6 (1985)
LD50 Guinea pig oral 60 mg/kg
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLV's and BEI's with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2005., p. 1
LC50 Rat (female) inhalation 1040 ppm/1 hr
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLV's and BEI's with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2005., p. 1
LC50 Rat (male) inhalation 1200 ppm/ 1 hr
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLV's and BEI's with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2005., p. 1
For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.1.14 Ongoing Test Status

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=107-19-7]

11.2 Ecological Information

11.2.1 Ecotoxicity Values

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 1.44 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 1.25-1.67 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 24.7 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.9 mg/l, hardness 42.8 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 40.6 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.7.
Geiger D.L., Call D.J., Brooke L.T. (eds). Acute Toxicities of Organic Chemicals to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas). Vol. IV. Superior Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin-Superior, 1988., p. 43
EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 1.44 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 1.25-1.67 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 24.7 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.9 mg/l, hardness 42.8 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 40.6 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.7. Effect: loss of equilibrium.
Geiger D.L., Call D.J., Brooke L.T. (eds). Acute Toxicities of Organic Chemicals to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas). Vol. IV. Superior Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin-Superior, 1988., p. 43
LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 1.53 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 1.49-1.56 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.7 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.8 mg/l, hardness 43.4 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 40.8 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.72.
Geiger D.L., Poirier S.H., Brooke L.T., Call D.J., eds. Acute Toxicities of Organic Chemicals to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas). Vol. III. Superior, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin-Superior, 1986., p. 43
EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 1.53 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 1.49-1.56 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.7 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.8 mg/l, hardness 43.4 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 40.8 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.72. Effect: loss of equilibrium.
Geiger D.L., Poirier S.H., Brooke L.T., Call D.J., eds. Acute Toxicities of Organic Chemicals to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas). Vol. III. Superior, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin-Superior, 1986., p. 43
For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.2.2 US EPA Regional Screening Levels for Chemical Contaminants

1 of 2
Resident Soil (mg/kg)
2.00e+00
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
8.60e+00
Resident Air (ug/m3)
8.30e-02
Industrial Air (ug/m3)
3.60e-01
Tapwater (ug/L)
1.20e-01
MCL (ug/L)
2.00e-01
Risk-based SSL (mg/kg)
3.80e-04
Oral Slope Factor (mg/kg-day)-1
1.20e-01
Inhalation Unit Risk (ug/m3)-1
3.4e-05
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
2.00e-02
Chronic Inhalation Reference Concentration (mg/m3)
3.00e-03
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed Dermally from Soil
0.13
2 of 2
Resident Soil (mg/kg)
1.60e+02
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
2.30e+03
Tapwater (ug/L)
4.00e+01
MCL (ug/L)
2.00e-01
Risk-based SSL (mg/kg)
8.10e-03
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
2.00e-03
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1
Soil Saturation Concentration (mg/kg)
1.11e+05

11.2.3 US EPA Regional Removal Management Levels for Chemical Contaminants

1 of 2
Resident Soil (mg/kg)
9.50e+02
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
1.20e+04
Tapwater (ug/L)
2.50e+02
MCL (ug/L)
2.00e-01
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
5.00e-03
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed Dermally from Soil
0.1
2 of 2
Resident Soil (mg/kg)
4.70e+02
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
7.00e+03
Tapwater (ug/L)
1.20e+02
MCL (ug/L)
2.00e-01
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
2.00e-03
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1
Soil Saturation Concentration (mg/kg)
1.11e+05

11.2.4 ICSC Environmental Data

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

11.2.5 Environmental Fate / Exposure Summary

Propargyl alcohol's production and use as a corrosion inhibitor, solvent stabilizer, and laboratory reagent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its former use as a soil fumigant would have resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, an extrapolated vapor pressure of 15.6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates propargyl alcohol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase propargyl alcohol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 hours. Propargyl alcohol can also be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone; however, the rate of this reaction is too slow to be environmentally relevant. Propargyl alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, propargyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 14. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. Propargyl alcohol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its extrapolated vapor pressure. The biodegradation half-life of propargyl alcohol was 12.6 and 13 days in an alkaline sandy silt loam from Texas and an acidic sandy loam from Mississippi, respectively. If released into water, propargyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 16 and 176 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to propargyl alcohol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propargyl alcohol is produced or used. (SRC)

11.2.6 Artificial Pollution Sources

Propargyl alcohol's production and use as a corrosion inhibitor, solvent stabilizer, and laboratory reagent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its former use as a soil fumigant(1) would have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).
(1) Lewis RJ; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 14th ed. NY, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., p. 927 (2001)

11.2.7 Environmental Fate

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 14(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.38(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that propargyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of propargyl alcohol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its extrapolated vapor pressure, 15.6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(5). Volatilization from dry soils is expected(SRC), given the extrapolated vapor pressure(4). The half-life of propargyl alcohol in an alkaline sandy silt loam (61.5% sand, 31.1% silt, 7.4% clay, pH 7.8, 3.25% organic carbon) from Texas was 12.6 days and 13 days from an acidic sandy loam (68% sand, 23.4% silt, 8.6% clay, pH 4.8, 0.94% organic carbon) from Mississippi(6).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 5 (1995)
(3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990)
(4) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)
(5) Yalkowsky SH, Dannenfelser RM; Aquasol Database of Aqueous Solubility. Version 5. College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona - Tucson, AZ (1992)
(6) Loehr RC; Treatability Potential For EPA Listed Hazardous Wastes In Soil. USEPA Robert S Kerr Environ Res Lab, ADA, OK EPA/600/2-89/011 (1989)
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 14(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.38(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that propargyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its extrapolated vapor pressure, 15.6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible) (5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 16 and 176 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation in aerobic water may occur for propargyl alcohol based on biodegradation half-lives of 12.6 and 13 days in two soils(8). In addition, propargyl alcohol achieved 95% of its theoretical BOD in a screening study using an activated sludge inoculum(9), suggesting this compound will degrade under aerobic condictions.
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 5 (1995)
(3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)
(4) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)
(5) Yalkowsky SH, Dannenfelser RM; Aquasol Database of Aqueous Solubility. Version 5. College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona - Tucson, AZ (1992)
(6) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)
(7) Meylan WM et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 664-72 (1999)
(8) Loehr RC; Treatability Potential For EPA Listed Hazardous Wastes In Soil. USEPA Robert S Kerr Environ Res Lab, ADA, OK EPA/600/2-89/011 (1989)
(9) Chemicals Inspection and Testing Institute. Japan Chemical Industry Ecology - Toxicology and Information Center. Available at https://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/kizon/KIZON_start_hazkizon.html as of Aug 15, 2006.
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propargyl alcohol, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 15.6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propargyl alcohol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Propargyl alcohol is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone; however, the half-life of this reaction is long compared to the reaction with hydroxyl radicals and is not environmentally relevant(SRC). The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated as 380 days from its theoretical rate constant of 3X10-20 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC), that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Propargyl alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to/may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).
(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988)
(2) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)
(3) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993)
(4) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 8-12 (1990)

11.2.8 Environmental Biodegradation

AEROBIC: Propargyl alcohol , present at 100 mg/L, reached 95% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1). The half-life of propargyl alcohol in an alkaline sandy silt loam ( 61.5% sand, 31.1% silt, 7.4% clay, pH 7.8, 3.25% organic carbon) from Texas was 12.6 days and 13 days from an acidic sandy loam (68% sand, 23.4% silt, 8.6% clay, pH 4.8, 0.94% organic carbon) from Mississippi(2).
(1) Chemicals Inspection and Testing Institute. Japan Chemical Industry Ecology - Toxicology and Information Center. Available at https://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/kizon/KIZON_start_hazkizon.html as of Aug 15, 2006.
(2) Loehr RC; Treatability Potential For EPA Listed Hazardous Wastes In Soil. USEPA Robert S Kerr Environ Res Lab, ADA, OK EPA/600/2-89/011 (1989)

11.2.9 Environmental Abiotic Degradation

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of propargyl alcohol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 37 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of propargyl alcohol with ozone has been estimated as 3X10-20 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 380 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). Propargyl alcohol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Propargyl alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(3).
(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993)
(2) Atkinson R, Carter WPL; Chem Rev 84: 437-70 (1984)
(3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5, 8-12 (1990)

11.2.10 Environmental Bioconcentration

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for propargyl alcohol(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.38(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
(1) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 5 (1995)
(2) Meylan WM et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 664-72 (1999)
(3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)

11.2.11 Soil Adsorption / Mobility

The Koc of propargyl alcohol is estimated as 14(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.38(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that propargyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).
(1) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 5 (1995)
(2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990)
(3) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)

11.2.12 Volatilization from Water / Soil

The Henry's Law constant for propargyl alcohol is estimated as 1.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its extrapolated vapor pressure, 15.6 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that propargyl alcohol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 16 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 176 days(SRC). Propargyl alcohol's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of propargyl alcohol from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its extrapolated vapor pressure(1).
(1) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)
(2) Yalkowsky SH, Dannenfelser RM; Aquasol Database of Aqueous Solubility. Version 5. College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona - Tucson, AZ (1992)
(3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)

11.2.13 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 54,359 workers (19,934 of these are female) are potentially exposed to propargyl alcohol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to propargyl alcohol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propargyl alcohol is produced or used(SRC).
(1) NIOSH; National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) Available at https://www.cdc.gov/noes/noes1/62000sic.html as of Aug 15, 2006.

12 Associated Disorders and Diseases

Associated Occupational Diseases with Exposure to the Compound
Fumigants, acute toxic effect [Category: Acute Poisoning]

13 Literature

13.1 Consolidated References

13.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

13.3 Springer Nature References

13.4 Thieme References

13.5 Wiley References

13.6 Synthesis References

13.7 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.8 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.9 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

14 Patents

14.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

14.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

14.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

15 Interactions and Pathways

15.1 Chemical-Target Interactions

16 Biological Test Results

16.1 BioAssay Results

17 Taxonomy

18 Classification

18.1 MeSH Tree

18.2 ChEBI Ontology

18.3 ChemIDplus

18.4 CAMEO Chemicals

18.5 UN GHS Classification

18.6 EPA CPDat Classification

18.7 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

18.8 EPA DSSTox Classification

18.9 Consumer Product Information Database Classification

18.10 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

18.11 LOTUS Tree

18.12 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

18.13 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

19 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
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    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
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  10. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  11. EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
  12. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
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  14. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
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  16. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
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  18. Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS)
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  21. ChEBI
  22. Yeast Metabolome Database (YMDB)
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    http://www.ymdb.ca/downloads
  23. ChEMBL
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    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/contents/view/1/6
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    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/
  26. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
  27. EPA Regional Screening Levels for Chemical Contaminants at Superfund Sites
  28. Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS), Safe Work Australia
  29. NITE-CMC
    2-Propyn-1-ol - FY2006 (New/original classication)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/06-imcg-0235e.html
    2-Propyn-1-ol - FY2018 (Revised classification)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/18-mhlw-2005e.html
  30. Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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    prop-2-yn-1-ol; propargyl alcohol
    https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/1272/oj
  31. NMRShiftDB
  32. MassBank Europe
  33. IUPAC Digitized pKa Dataset
  34. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  35. KEGG
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  39. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
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    https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law
  40. SpectraBase
    2-PROPIN-1-OL;PROPARGYLALCOHOL;ETHINYLCARBINOL
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/IX5kXpWjmww
  41. Metabolomics Workbench
  42. Pistoia Alliance Chemical Safety Library
    POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE + PROPARGYL ALCOHOL
    https://safescience.cas.org/
  43. Rhea - Annotated Reactions Database
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  53. GHS Classification (UNECE)
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  55. LOTUS - the natural products occurrence database
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  56. EPA Substance Registry Services
  57. MolGenie
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  58. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
  59. NCBI
CONTENTS