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LEAD CHROMATE OXIDE

Hazardous Substances DataBank Number
6185
Related PubChem Records
Related CIDs

1 HSDB Note

This record contains information specific to the title compound. Those with an interest in this record are strongly encouraged also to retrieve the record on CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS which has additional, general information relevant to the toxicity and environmental fate of chromium ions and chromium compounds. For information on the metal itself, refer to the CHROMIUM, ELEMENTAL record.
This record contains information specific to the title compound. Those with an interest in this record are strongly encouraged also to retrieve the record on LEAD COMPOUNDS which has additional, general information relevant to the toxicity and environmental fate of lead ions and lead compounds. For information on the metal itself, refer to the LEAD, ELEMENTAL record.
The title chemical is a hexavalent chromium compound.

2 Human Health Effects

2.1 Toxicity Summary

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lead chromate oxide is a red crystalline powder. It is used as a pigment. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Signs of exposure: Respiratory irritations; nasal septum irritations; leukocytosis, leukopenia, monocytosis, eosinophilia; eye injury, conjunctivitis; and skin ulcers, sensitization dermatitis. Target organs which are affected include blood, lung, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, eyes, and skin. ANIMAL STUDIES: There is no data.

2.2 Evidence for Carcinogenicity (Complete)

WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE CHARACTERIZATION: Under the current guidelines (1986), Cr(VI) is classified as Group A - known human carcinogen by the inhalation route of exposure. Carcinogenicity by the oral route of exposure cannot be determined and is classified as Group D. Under the proposed guidelines (1996), Cr(VI) would be characterized as a known human carcinogen by the inhalation route of exposure on the following basis. Hexavalent chromium is known to be carcinogenic in humans by the inhalation route of exposure. Results of occupational epidemiological studies of chromium-exposed workers are consistent across investigators and study populations. Dose-response relationships have been established for chromium exposure and lung cancer. Chromium-exposed workers are exposed to both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) compounds. Because only Cr(VI) has been found to be carcinogenic in animal studies, however, it was concluded that only Cr(VI) should be classified as a human carcinogen. Animal data are consistent with the human carcinogenicity data on hexavalent chromium. Hexavalent chromium compounds are carcinogenic in animal bioassays, producing the following tumor types: intramuscular injection site tumors in rats and mice, intrapleural implant site tumors for various Cr(VI) compounds in rats, intrabronchial implantation site tumors for various Cr(VI) compounds in rats and subcutaneous injection site sarcomas in rats. In vitro data are suggestive of a potential mode of action for hexavalent chromium carcinogenesis. Hexavalent chromium carcinogenesis may result from the formation of mutagenic oxidatitive DNA lesions following intracellular reduction to the trivalent form. Cr(VI) readily passes through cell membranes and is rapidly reduced intracellularly to generate reactive Cr(V) and Cr(IV) intermediates and reactive oxygen species. A number of potentially mutagenic DNA lesions are formed during the reduction of Cr(VI). Hexavalent chromium is mutagenic in bacterial assays, yeasts and V79 cells, and Cr(VI) compounds decrease the fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro and produce unscheduled DNA synthesis as a consequence of DNA damage. Chromate has been shown to transform both primary cells and cell lines. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Occupational exposure to chromium compounds has been studied in the chromate production, chromeplating and chrome pigment, ferrochromium production, gold mining, leather tanning and chrome alloy production industries. Workers in the chromate industry are exposed to both trivalent and hexavalent compounds of chromium. Epidemiological studies of chromate production plants in Japan, Great Britain, West Germany, and the United States have revealed a correlation between occupational exposure to chromium and lung cancer, but the specific form of chromium responsible for the induction of cancer was not identified ... Studies of chrome pigment workers have consistently demonstrated an association between occupational chromium exposure (primarily Cr(VI)) and lung cancer. Several studies of the chromeplating industry have demonstrated a positive relationship between cancer and exposure to chromium compounds. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Animal data are consistent with the findings of human epidemiological studies of hexavalent chromium ... /Chromium (VI)/
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Summary on Chromium (VI) (18540-29-9). Available from, as of October 29, 2015: https://www.epa.gov/iris/
Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of chromium(VI) compounds. Chromium(VI) compounds cause cancer of the lung. Also positive associations have been observed between exposure to Chromium(IV) compounds and cancer of the nose and nasal sinuses. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of chromium(VI) compounds. Chromium(VI) compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Chromium(VI) compounds/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V100C 164 (2012)
Chromium Hexavalent Compounds: known to be human carcinogens. /Chromium hexavalent compound/
DHHS/National Toxicology Program; Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition: Chromium Hexavalent Compounds (October 2014). Available from, as of October 29, 2015: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/roc13/index.html
A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Water-soluble Cr(VI) inorganic compounds/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 21
A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Insoluble Cr(VI) inorganic compounds/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 21

2.3 Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete)

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Signs of exposure: Respiratory irritations; nasal septum irritations; leukocytosis, leukopenia, monocytosis, eosinophilia; eye injury, conjunctivitis; skin ulcers, sensitization dermatitis.
NIOSH; Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards p.69 (1981) DHEW (NIOSH) Pub No 78-210
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Target organs which are affected include blood, lung, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, eyes, and skin.
NIOSH; Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards p.69 (1981) DHEW (NIOSH) Pub No 78-210
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ SYMPTOMATOLOGY: B. Lead encephalopathy in chronic lead poisoning. 1) Headache and insomnia. 2) Persistent vomiting, which is sometimes projectile. A typical lead colic may or may not be present. 3) Visual disturbances, choked optic disks. 4) Irritability, restlessness, delirium, hallucinations. 5) Convulsions and coma. 6) The intracranial pressure is characteristically high. The cerebrospinal fluid is generally unremarkable except for and elevation of total protein. 7) Death from exhaustion and respiratory failure. The mortality rate is high; Recovery is slow and frequently incomplete. /Lead cmpd/
Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. III-233

2.4 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Irritates the respiratory tract. ... Irritation of nose, throat, or bronchial tubes can also occur, with cough and/or wheezing. Skin contact with concentrated lead chromate can cause burns, deep ulcers, or an allergic skin rash. /Lead Chromate/
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 1587
Chromic acid mist & chromate dusts may cause severe irritation of the nose, throat, bronchial tubes, and lung. /Chromic acid mist & chromate dusts/
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 1

2.5 Medical Surveillance (Complete)

... If environmental sampling and analysis show that environmental levels are at or greater than the recommended levels, ... blood analysis shall be conducted quarterly ... until blood levels have returned to below the acceptable limit ... has been shown. /SRP: OSHA reg 29 CFR 1910.1025 require "medical removal" at a blood lead level of 0.050 mg Pb / 100 g whole blood./ If a blood level of 0.060 mg Pb/100 g or greater is found and confirmed by a second sample to be taken within two weeks, steps to reduce absorption of lead shall be taken as soon as the high levels are confirmed and a medical examination for possible lead poisoning shall be made available to workers with unacceptable blood lead levels. /Inorganic lead/
NIOSH; Criteria Document: Inorganic Lead p.I-2 (1978) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 78-158
Medical records shall include information on all biologic determinations and on all required medical examinations. These records shall be available to the medical representatives of the employer, the Secretary of Labor, the /Secretary of Health & Human Services/ and at the employee's request, to the employee's physician. /SRP: OSHA reg 1910.20 requires that records be kept for duration of employment plus 30 years./ These records shall be kept for at least 30 years after the last occupational exposure to inorganic lead. /Inorganic lead/
NIOSH; Criteria Document: Inorganic Lead p.I-2 (1978) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 78-158
... Comparative advantages of /the biological indicator/ delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in typical (variable) occupational exposure conditions included: the highest sensitivity at low and relatively high lead exposure levels; better reflection of biologically active lead as opposed to blood lead (PbB) (particularly compared to delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALAU) and coproporphyrin (CPU)); higher specificity compared to other indicators of lead effect; and generally higher reliability with regard to biologically and methodologically induced variations. ... /Inorganic lead/
Telisman S et al; Int Arch Occup Environ Health 50 (4): 397-412 (1982)
The employer shall make available biological monitoring in the form of blood sampling and analysis for lead and zinc protoporphyrin levels to each employee who is or may be exposed above the action level for more than 30 days/yr. /Inorganic lead/
29 CFR 1910.1025 (07/01/87)
A thorough physical exam, with particular attention to teeth, gums, hematologic, gastrointestinal, renal, cardiovascular, neurological, ... /and pulmonary systems/. /Inorganic lead/
29 CFR 1910.1025 (07/01/87)
[NIOSH; Criteria Document: Inorganic Lead p.I-2 (1978) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 78-158] /SRP: OSHA reg 1910.20 requires that records be kept for duration of employment plus 30 years./ ... Unacceptable absorption of lead posing a risk of lead poisoning is demonstrated at levels equal to or greater than 0.060 mg Pb/100 g whole blood. All workers subject to exposure to inorganic lead shall be offered biologic monitoring at least every 6 months. ... A medical examination for possible lead poisoning shall be made available to workers with unacceptable blood lead levels. Medical examination: Medical examinations shall be made available prior to employee placement and annually thereafter, unless a different frequency is indicated by professional medical judgement, based on such factors as emergencies, variations in work periods, and the existing health status of the individual worker. These examinations should focus on the blood forming elements, the kidneys, and the nervous and reproductive systems. They should include a physical examination, complete blood counts, blood lead determinations, routine urinalysis (specific gravity, sugar and protein determinations, and microscopic examination), and should record any signs or symptoms of plumbism present. ... Each employee who absorbs unacceptable amounts of lead, as indicated by biologic monitoring, shall be examined as soon as practical after such absorption is demonstrated and confirmed, and at least every three months thereafter until blood levels have returned to below the acceptable limit, ie below 0.060 mg/100 g blood. If clinical evidence of plumbism is obtained from the medical examinations, the worker shall be kept under a physician's care until completely recovered, or maximal improvement has occurred. Medical records shall include information on all biologic determinations and on all required medical examinations. /SRP: OSHA reg 1910.20 requires that records be kept for duration of employment plus 30 years./ ... These records shall be kept for at least 30 years after the last occupational exposure to inorganic lead. /Inorganic lead/
NIOSH; Criteria Document: Inorganic Lead p.I-2 (1978) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 78-158
A complete and detailed work history is important in the initial evaluation. A listing of all previous employment with information on work processes, exposure to fumes or dust, known exposures to lead or other toxic substances, respiratory protection used, and previous medical surveillance should all be included in the worker's record. Where exposure to lead is suspected, information concerning on the job personal hygiene, smoking or eating habits in work areas, laundry procedures, and use of any protective clothing or respiratory protection equipment should be noted. A complete work history is essential in the medical evaluation of a worker with suspected lead toxicity, especially when long term effects such as neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are considered. The medical history is also of fundamental importance and should include a listing of all past and current medical conditions, current medications including proprietary drug intake, previous surgeries and hospitalizations, allergies, smoking history, alcohol consumption and also non-occupational lead exposures such as hobbies (hunting, riflery). Also known childhood exposures should be elicited. Any previous history of hematological, neurological, gastrointestinal, renal, psychological, gynecological, genetic, or reproductive problems should be specifically noted. A careful and complete review of systems must be performed to assess both recognized complaints and subtle or slowly acquired symptoms which the worker might not appreciate as being significant. /Lead and lead cmpd/
29 CFR 1910.1025 (7/01/87)
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 23

3 Emergency Medical Treatment

3.1 Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 160
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 160
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 160-61
EXPTL THERAPY: THERAPEUTIC DOSES OF THIAMINE MAY BE OF VALUE IN PREVENTION & TREATMENT OF LEAD POISONING IN CATTLE & IN OTHER ANIMALS, OR HUMANS EXPOSED TO HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS OF LEAD.
BRATTON GR ET AL; TOXICOL APPL PHARMACOL 59 (1): 164 (1981)
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 172-3
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 173
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 173
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Lead and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 395
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . /Lead and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 395
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Moderate hyperventilation (20 respiration per minute) may be beneficial for increased intracranial pressure. Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. For hypotension ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Lead and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 396

4 Metabolism / Pharmacokinetics

4.1 Metabolism / Metabolites (Complete)

The metabolism of lead follows closely that of calcium, particularly with regard to its deposition in & mobilization from bone. ... When bone marrow activity is increased ... calcium mobilization may take place, causing hypercalcemia & osteolysis. ... Lead may also be liberated. ... /Inorganic lead/
Browning, E. Toxicity of Industrial Metals. 2nd ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1969., p. 173

4.2 Biological Half-Life (Complete)

Body burden of lead, as assessed by lead excretion 24 hr after Ca-EDTA administration, was increased in 37% of the workers with a mean value of 607 + or - 425 ug. Mean blood lead was 32 + or - 14 ug/dL. Creatinine clearance was normal in all workers. Maximal urinary concentrating ability was abnormal in a significant fraction (52%) of the men. /Inorganic lead/
Greenberg A et al; Arch Environ Health 41 (2): 69-76 (1986)

5 Environmental Fate & Exposure

5.1 Probable Routes of Human Exposure (Complete)

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 697 workers (306 of these are female) were potentially exposed to lead chromate oxide in the US(1).
(1) NIOSH; NOES. National Occupational Exposure Survey conducted from 1981-1983. Estimated numbers of employees potentially exposed to specific agents by 2-digit standard industrial classification (SIC). Available from, as of Dec 30, 2015: https://www.cdc.gov/noes/

6 Environmental Standards & Regulations

6.1 RCRA Requirements (Complete)

D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/
40 CFR 261.24 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 4, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov
D007; A solid waste containing chromium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Chromium/
40 CFR 261.24 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of August 18, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov

6.2 Atmospheric Standards (Complete)

... Substances for which a Federal Register notice has been published that included consideration of the serious health effects, including cancer, from ambient air exposure to the substance. Chromium is included on this list. /Chromium/
40 CFR 61.01(b) (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of November 3, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov
Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Chromium compounds is included on this list. /Chromium compounds/
Clean Air Act as amended in 1990, Sect. 112 (b) (1) Public Law 101-549 Nov. 15, 1990

6.3 Federal Drinking Water Standards (Complete)

Maximum contaminant level for inorganic contaminants: Contaminant: Chromium; MCL 0.1 mg/L. /Chromium/
40 CFR 141.62; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of August 18, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov
EPA 15 ug/L (Action Level) /Lead/
USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present

6.4 State Drinking Water Standards (Complete)

(CA) CALIFORNIA 10 ug/L /Hexavalent Chromium/
USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present

6.5 State Drinking Water Guidelines (Complete)

(AZ) ARIZONA 20 ug/L /Lead/
USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present
(ME) MAINE 10 ug/L /Lead/
USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present
(ME) MAINE 35 ug/L /Cr VI)
USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present

7 Chemical / Physical Properties

7.1 Molecular Formula

Cr-O5-Pb2

7.2 Molecular Weight

546.39
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1006

7.3 Color / Form (Complete)

Red crystalline powder
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1006

7.4 Melting Point

920 °C
American Elements; Product Lead Chromate Oxide (18454-12-1). Available from, as of Dec 30, 2015: https://www.americanelements.com/

7.5 Density

6.63
Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 68th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1987-1988., p. B-99
Density: 5.5 g/cu cm
American Elements; Product Lead Chromate Oxide (18454-12-1). Available from, as of Dec 30, 2015: https://www.americanelements.com/

7.6 Solubility (Complete)

Insoluble water
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 4-70
Soluble in acids, alkalis
CDC; Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium. September 2013. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH). Available from, as of Dec 14, 2015: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-128/pdfs/2013_128.pdf

8 Chemical Safety & Handling

8.1 GHS Classification

Pictogram(s)
Health Hazard
Environmental Hazard
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P203, P260, P273, P280, P318, P319, P391, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

8.2 Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)

100 mg/cu m /Lead (as Pb)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
250 mg/cu m (as Cr(II)). /Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
25 mg/cu m (as Cr(III)). /Chromium(III) compounds (as Cr)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
15 mg/cu m (as Cr(VI)). /Chromic acid and chromates/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
NIOSH considers chromic acid and chromates to be potential occupational carcinogens. /Chromic acid and chromates/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

8.3 Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete)

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece, operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Inorganic lead/
NIOSH; Criteria Document: Inorganic Lead p.I-10 (1978) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 78-158
NFPA recommends the use of water on fire. /Lead Chromate/
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 1588
From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers, If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. /Lead Chromate/
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 1588
The only respirators recommended for firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Lead Chromate/
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 1588
/When fire fighting wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus, with a full facepiece, operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Chromic acid & chromates/
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 7

8.4 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete)

Incompatible materials: Organic materials, powdered metals /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Strong oxidizers, hydrogen peroxide, acids. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 184
Combustible, organic, or other readily oxidizable materials (paper, wood, sulfur, aluminum, plastics, etc.); corrosive to metals. /Chromic acid and chromates/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
Hydrazine is decomposed explosively by chromates and chromic anhydride. /Chromates/
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 491-61

8.5 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete)

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Skin protection: Handle with gloves. /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Not in excess of 0.5 mg/cu m: Dust mask, except single use. Not in excess of 1 mg/cu m: Dust and mist respirator, except single-use and quarter mask respirators. Any fume respirator or high efficiency particulate filter respirator. Any supplied-air respirator or any self contained breathing apparatus. Not in excess of 5 mg/cu m: A high efficiency particulate filter respirator with a full facepiece. Any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece. Any self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Not in excess of 100 mg/cu m: Type C supplied air respirator operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure or continuous flow mode. A powered air purifying respirator with high efficiency particulate filter. Not in excess of 200 mg/cu m: Type C supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode, or with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood, operated in continuous flow mode. Greater than 200 mg/cu m, or entry and escape from unknown concn: Self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. A combination respirator, which includes a type C supplied air respirator with a full facepiece, operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure or continuous flow mode and an auxiliary, self contained, breathing apparatus operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. /Inorganic lead/
NIOSH; Criteria Document: Inorganic Lead p.I-7 (1978) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 78-158
Overalls or other full body protective clothing shall be worn in areas where there is occupational exposure to inorganic lead. /Inorganic lead/
NIOSH; Criteria Document: Inorganic lead p.I-9 (1978) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 78-158
Workers who are exposed to lead in any of its forms should wear personal protective equipment, which should be washed or renewed at least once a week. Protective clothing made of certain man made fibers retains much less dust than cotton overalls and should be used where the conditions of work render it possible; turn ups, pleats and pockets in which lead dust may collect should be avoided. /Inorganic lead/
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 1204
Full facepiece is required if the lead aerosols cause eye or skin irritation at the use concn. Full facepiece, self-contained breathing apparatus operated in positive pressure mode should be used when lead is at a concn greater than 100 mg/cu m, at an unknown concn, or when fire fighting. /Inorganic lead cmpd/
29 CFR 1910.1025 (07/01/87)
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Recommendations for respirator selection: Max. concn for use: 0.5 mg/cu m). Any air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any supplied-air respirator. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Recommendations for respirator selection: Max. concn for use: 1.25 mg/cu m). Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Recommendations for respirator selection: Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. Max. concn for use: 2.5 mg/cu m). Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting facepiece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Recommendations for respirator selection: Max. concn for use: 50 mg/cu m). Any supplied-air respirator operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Recommendations for respirator selection: Max. concn for use: 100 mg/cu m). Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Recommendations for respirator selection: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions. Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure-mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Recommendations for respirator selection: Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirators for escape purposes only: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Impervious gloves, aprons, and footwear shall be worn at operations where solutions of chromium (VI) may contact the skin. Protective gloves shall be worn at operations where dry compounds of chromium (VI) are handled and may contact the skin. /Cr(VI)/
NIOSH; Criteria Document: Chromium (VI) p.8 (1976) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 76-129
Protective clothing: Coveralls or other full-body protective clothing shall be worn in areas where there is occupational exposure to chromium (VI). Protective clothing shall be changed at least daily at the end of the shift and more frequently if it should become grossly contaminated. /Cr(VI)/
NIOSH; Criteria Document: Chromium (VI) p.8 (1976) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 76-129
Respirator Recommendations: At concentrations above NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: /Chromic acid and chromates/
Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
APF = 10,000
Respirator Recommendations
Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.
Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
APF = 10,000
Respirator Recommendations
Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. /Chromic acid and chromates/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. (Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.) /Chromic acid and chromates/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
Respirator Recommendations: Escape: /Chromic acid and cromates; Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr); Chromium(III) compounds (as Cr)/
Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
APF = 50
Respirator Recommendations
Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter./Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Chromic acid and cromates; Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr); Chromium(III) compounds (as Cr)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Chromic acid and cromates; Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr); Chromium(III) compounds (as Cr)/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 8

8.6 Preventive Measures (Complete)

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday. /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.
1) The employer shall ensure that all personal protective devices are inspected regularly and maintained in clean and satisfactory working condition. 2) Working clothing and shoes shall not be taken home by employees. The employer shall provide for maintenance and laundering of protective clothing. 3) The employer shall ensure that precautions necessary to protect laundry personnel are taken when soiled protective clothing is laundered. /Inorganic lead/
NIOSH; Criteria Document: Inorganic lead p.I-9 (1978) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 78-158
OSHA has recommended engineering controls over administrative controls and protective equipment to reduce exposures to chemicals in the workplace. The application of employee training and motivation programs (such as job safety analysis) to reduce exposures to chemicals has not been emphasized. To determine the effectiveness of such programs, a pilot project in an alkyl lead production facility was conducted with 35 employees in an effort to reduce exposures to organic and inorganic lead (Pb). Results after 12 mo showed a 40% reduction in Pb in urine and a 24% reduction in Pb in blood, both indicators of total exposure to organic and inorganic Pb. /Inorganic and alkyl lead compounds/
Maples TW et al; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 43 (9): 692-4 (1982)
Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level. However, there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure. Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. If the use of respirators is necessary, the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. In addition to respirator selection, a complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 3
Protective clothing shall be changed at least daily at the end of the shift and more frequently if it should become grossly contaminated. /Inorganic lead/
NIOSH: Criteria Document: Inorganic Lead p.1-9 (1978) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 78-158
The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. /Lead/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 185
Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. /Chromic acid and cromates/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. /Chromic acid and cromates; Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr); Chromium(III) compounds/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. /Chromic acid and chromates; Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr); Chromium(III) compounds/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 8
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 8
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 8
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 9
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Principles that apply to chem or biochem lab also apply to microbiological & cell-culture labs ... Special consideration should be given to route of admin. ... Safest method of administering volatile carcinogen is by injection of a soln. Admin by topical application, gavage, or intratracheal instillation should be performed under hood. If chem will be exhaled, animals should be kept under hood during this period. Inhalation exposure requires special equipment. ... Unless specifically required, routes of admin other than in the diet should be used. Mixing of carcinogen in diet should be carried out in sealed mixers under fume hood, from which the exhaust is fitted with an efficient particulate filter. Techniques for cleaning mixer & hood should be devised before expt begun. When mixing diets, special protective clothing &, possibly, respirators may be required. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 9
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When ... admin in diet or applied to skin, animals should be kept in cages with solid bottoms & sides & fitted with a filter top. When volatile carcinogens are given, filter tops should not be used. Cages which have been used to house animals that received carcinogens should be decontaminated. Cage-cleaning facilities should be installed in area in which carcinogens are being used, to avoid moving of ... contaminated /cages/. It is difficult to ensure that cages are decontaminated, & monitoring methods are necessary. Situations may exist in which the use of disposable cages should be recommended, depending on type & amt of carcinogen & efficiency with which it can be removed. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 10
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": To eliminate risk that ... contamination in lab could build up during conduct of expt, periodic checks should be carried out on lab atmospheres, surfaces, such as walls, floors & benches, & ... interior of fume hoods & airducts. As well as regular monitoring, check must be carried out after cleaning-up of spillage. Sensitive methods are required when testing lab atmospheres. ... Methods ... should ... where possible, be simple & sensitive. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 10
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Rooms in which obvious contamination has occurred, such as spillage, should be decontaminated by lab personnel engaged in expt. Design of expt should ... avoid contamination of permanent equipment. ... Procedures should ensure that maintenance workers are not exposed to carcinogens. ... Particular care should be taken to avoid contamination of drains or ventilation ducts. In cleaning labs, procedures should be used which do not produce aerosols or dispersal of dust, ie, wet mop or vacuum cleaner equipped with high-efficiency particulate filter on exhaust, which are avail commercially, should be used. Sweeping, brushing & use of dry dusters or mops should be prohibited. Grossly contaminated cleaning materials should not be re-used ... If gowns or towels are contaminated, they should not be sent to laundry, but ... decontaminated or burnt, to avoid any hazard to laundry personnel. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 10
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Doors leading into areas where carcinogens are used ... should be marked distinctively with appropriate labels. Access ... limited to persons involved in expt. ... A prominently displayed notice should give the name of the Scientific Investigator or other person who can advise in an emergency & who can inform others (such as firemen) on the handling of carcinogenic substances. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 11

8.7 Stability / Shelf Life (Complete)

Stable under recommended storage conditions. /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

8.8 Shipment Methods and Regulations (Complete)

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 13
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 13

8.9 Storage Conditions (Complete)

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic hazardous materials or hazardous materials causing chronic effects /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Store in a secure poison location. ... Lead chromate must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates) and chemically active metals (such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, zinc and ferric ferrocyanide), since violent reactions occur. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045. /Lead Chromate/
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 1588
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 13

8.10 Cleanup Methods (Complete)

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
... Treatment of wastewater from a tetraethyl lead manufacturing process /was described/. Two major categories of waste were inorganic lead wastewaters and organic lead wastewaters. After sedimentation in a holding basin to recover solid lead and lead oxide, the inorganic lead waste fraction (66.1 mg/L) was effectively treated by coagulation with ferric and ferrous sulfate. /Inorganic lead/
Patterson JW; Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technolgy 2nd Edition p.75 (1985)
Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. /Lead Chromate/
Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 6th Edition Volume 1: A-K,Volume 2: L-Z. William Andrew, Waltham, MA 2012, p. 1588
Cr(VI) cmpd in waste sludge are completely removed by redn by carbon at 600 °C. /Chromium VI/
JAROSINSKI A ET AL; STUDY ON THE POSSIBILITY OF ELIMINATING CHROMIUM(VI) CMPD IN WASTE SLUDGE FROM CHROMATE PRODUCTION; ZESZ NAUK POLITECH KRAKOW, CHEM 8: 55 (1977)
Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothing should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed. If chromic acid or chromates are spilled, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. Liquid containing chromic acid or chromates should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. /Chromic acid and chromates/
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 5
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 15

8.11 Disposal Methods (Complete)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D008, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2000)
Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D007, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Chromium/
40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of November 24, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov
Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. /Lead Chromate/
Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Lead(II) chromate. Product Number: 15327, Version 3.9 (Revision Date 02/27/2015). Available from, as of December 14, 2015: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
Chemical Treatability of Lead; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Respirometer Study; Results of Study: Oxygen uptake inhibited. /Inorganic lead cmpd/
USEPA; Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA Contract No. 68-03-2766 p.E-53 (1982)
SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.
Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome green pigments is a poor candidate for incineration. /Chrome green pigments/
USEPA; Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration p.3-5 (1981) EPA 68-03-3025
The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for chromium: Concentration process: Biological Treatment. /Chromium/
USEPA; Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA Contract No.68-03-2766 p.E-52 (1982)
The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for chromium: Concentration process: Chemical Precipitation. /Chromium/
USEPA; Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA Contract No.68-03-2766 p.E-70 (1982)
The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for chromium: Concentration process: Reverse Osmosis. /Chromium/
USEPA; Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA Contract No.68-03-2766 p.E-87 (1982)
The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for chromium: Concentration process: Activated Carbon. /Chromium/
USEPA; Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA Contract No.68-03-2766 p.E-162 (1982)
The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for chromium: Concentration process: Miscellaneous Sorbents. /Chromium/
USEPA; Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA Contract No.68-03-2766 p.E-202 (1982)
Removal of hexavalent chromium from waste streams has been accomplished by reduction and precipitation, ion exchange, and evaporative recovery /Hexavalent chromium/
Patterson JW; Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technolgy 2nd Edition p.70 (1985)
The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for chromium(+6): Concentration process: Chemical precipitation, activated carbon, and biological treatment. /Chromium(+6)/
USEPA; Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA Contract No.68-03-2766 p.E-3-E-22 (1982)
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 14
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 15
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 15
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Small quantities of ... some carcinogens can be destroyed using chem reactions ... but no general rules can be given. ... As a general technique ... treatment with sodium dichromate in strong sulfuric acid can be used. The time necessary for destruction ... is seldom known ... but 1-2 days is generally considered sufficient when freshly prepd reagent is used. ... Carcinogens that are easily oxidizable can be destroyed with milder oxidative agents, such as saturated soln of potassium permanganate in acetone, which appears to be a suitable agent for destruction of hydrazines or of compounds containing isolated carbon-carbon double bonds. Concn or 50% aqueous sodium hypochlorite can also be used as an oxidizing agent. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 16
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Carcinogens that are alkylating, arylating or acylating agents per se can be destroyed by reaction with appropriate nucleophiles, such as water, hydroxyl ions, ammonia, thiols & thiosulfate. The reactivity of various alkylating agents varies greatly ... & is also influenced by sol of agent in the reaction medium. To facilitate the complete reaction, it is suggested that the agents be dissolved in ethanol or similar solvents. ... No method should be applied ... until it has been thoroughly tested for its effectiveness & safety on material to be inactivated. For example, in case of destruction of alkylating agents, it is possible to detect residual compounds by reaction with 4(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979., p. 17

9 Occupational Exposure Standards

9.1 OSHA Standards (Complete)

Permissible Exposure Limit: (1) The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to lead at concentrations greater than fifty micrograms per cubic meter of air (50 ug/cu m) averaged over an 8-hr period. (2) If an employee is exposed to lead for more than 8 hr in any work day, the permissible exposure limit, as a time weighted average (TWA) for that day, shall be reduced according to the following formula: Maximum permissible limit (in ug/cu m)=400 divided by the number of hours worked in the day. (3) When respirators are used to supplement engineering and work practice controls to comply with the PEL and all the requirements of paragraph (f) have been met, employee exposure, for the purpose of determining whether the employer has complied with the PEL, may be considered to be at the level provided by the protection factor of the respirator for those periods the respirator is worn. Those periods may be averaged with exposure levels during periods when respirators are not worn to determine the employee's daily TWA exposure. /Lead means metallic lead, all inorganic lead compounds, and organic lead soaps. Excluded from this definition are all other organic lead compounds./
29 CFR 1910.1025(c) (USDOL); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 1, 2016: https://www.ecfr.gov
Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m. /Chromium metal and insoluble salts, as Cr/
29 CFR 1910.1000 (USDOL); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of November 3, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov
Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium(II) compounds, as Cr/
29 CFR 1910.1000 (USDOL); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of November 3, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov
Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium(III) compounds, as Cr/
29 CFR 1910.1000 (USDOL); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of November 3, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov
Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-2 Acceptable Ceiling Concentration: 1 mg/10 cu m. /Chromic acid and chromates (as CrO3)/
29 CFR 1910.1000 (USDOL); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of November 3, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov

9.2 Threshold Limit Values (TLV) (Complete)

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.012 mg/cu m. /Lead chromate, as Cr/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 38
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.05 mg/cu m. /Lead chromate, as Pb/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 38
A2; Suspected human carcinogen. /Lead chromate, as Cr; Lead chromate, as Pb/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 38
Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period. /Lead chromate, as Cr; Lead chromate, as Pb/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 5
Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: lead in blood; Sampling Time: not critical; BEI: 30 ug/100 mL. NOTE: Women of child bearing potential, whose blood Pb exceeds 10 ug/dL, are at risk of delivering a child with a blood Pb over the current Centers for Disease Control guideline of 10 ug/dL. If the blood Pb of such children remains elevated, they may be at increased risk of cognitive deficits. The blood Pb of these children should be closely monitored and appropriate steps should be taken to minimize the child's exposure to environmental lead. /Lead/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 115
2016 Notice of Intended Changes (NIC): These substances, with their corresponding indices, comprise those for which (1) a BEI is proposed for the first time, (2) a change in the Adopted index is proposed, (3) retention as an NIC is proposed, or (4) withdrawal of the Documentation and adopted BEI is proposed. In each case, the proposals should be considered trial indices during the period they are on the NIC. These proposals were ratified by the ACGIH Board of Directors and will remain on the NIC for approximately one year following this ratification. If the Committee neither finds nor receives any substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC BEI, the Committee may then approve its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for adoption. If the Committee finds or receives substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC BEI, the Committee may change its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for the matter to be either retained on or withdrawn from the NIC. Chemical: Lead; Determinant: Lead in blood; Sampling Time: Not critical; BEI: 200 ug/L; Notation: None . NOTE: Women of child bearing potential, whose blood Pb exceeds 50 ug/L, are at risk of delivering a child with a blood Pb over the current u.s. Centers for Disease Control guideline of 50 ug/L. (CDC: Guidelines for the identification and management of lead exposure in pregnant and lactating women, November 2010). If the blood Pb of such children remains elevated, they may be at increased risk of cognitive deficits and other health effects. /Lead/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 121
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium and Cr(III) inorganic compounds, as Cr/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 21
A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Chromium and Cr(III) inorganic compounds, as Cr/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 21
Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period. /Chromium and Cr(III) inorganic compounds, as Cr/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 5
8 Hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.05 mg/cu m. /Water-soluble Cr(VI) inorganic compounds, as Cr/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 21
A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Water-soluble Cr(VI) inorganic compounds, as Cr/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 21
Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: total chromium in urine; Sampling Time: increase during shift; BEI: 10 ug/L. /Chromium(VI), water-soluble fume/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 113
Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: total chromium in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift at end of workweek; BEI: 25 ug/L. /Chromium(VI), water-soluble fume/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 113
Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period. /Water-soluble Cr(VI) inorganic compounds, as Cr/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 5
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.01 mg/cu m. /Insoluble Cr(VI) inorganic compounds, as Cr/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 21
A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Insoluble Cr(VI) inorganic compounds, as Cr/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 21
Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period. /Insoluble Cr(VI) inorganic compounds, as Cr/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2016, p. 5

9.3 NIOSH Recommendations (Complete)

Recommended Exposure Limit: 8-hour Time-Weighted Average: 0.5 mg Cr/cu m. /Chromium metal, chromium(II) and chromium(III) compounds/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
Recommended Exposure Limit: 8-hour Time-Weighted Average: 0.0002 mg Cr(VI)/cu m. NIOSH considers all Cr(VI) compounds (including chromic acid, tert-butyl chromate, zinc chromate, and chromyl chloride) to be potential occupational carcinogens. /All hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI) compounds/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. /Chromic acid and chromates/
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

10 Manufacturing / Use Information

10.1 Uses (Complete)

As pigment
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1006

10.2 Manufacturers

American Elements, 1093 Broxton Ave, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90024, (310) 208-0551
American Elements; Product Lead Chromate Oxide (18454-12-1). Available from, as of Dec 30, 2015: https://www.americanelements.com/
BOC Sciences, 45-16 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, (844) 262-0123
BOC Sciences; Dilead chromate oxide - CAS 18454-12-1. Available from, as of Dec 30, 2015: https://www.bocsci.com/
Lead Chromate Oxide Suppliers
Company
BOC Sciences
Address
45-16 Ramsey Rd
City State Country
Shirley NY 11967
Phone
(631) 398-3562
Company
Haihung Industry Co Ltd
Address
2/F East Tower Bldg 12, No 2 Qilihe Rd
City State Country
Jinan, Shandong 250100 China
Phone
86-(531)-88032799
Company
Jinan Haohua Industry Co LTd
Address
No 59 Gongye South Rd
City State Country
Jinan, Shandong 250100 Shina
Phone
86-(531)-59773055
Company
Zhejiang J&C Biological Technolgy Co Ltd
Address
No 10, Xuefuwuqu
City State Country
Jiangshan Zhejiang China
Phone
86-05704698529
Company
Conier Chem & Pharma Ltd
Address
5th Bldg, Asia Pacific Enterprise Valley
City State Country
Chongqing 400060 China
Phone
86-(23)-62922305
Company
Health Chemicals Co Ltd
Address
No 17, South Round Rd
City State Country
ZhangJiaGang City Jiangsu Province 215600 China
Phone
86-(512)-58277800
Company
Neostar United Industrial Co Ltd
Address
Yangtze River North Rd, Binjiang Economic Development Zone
City State Country
Changzhou Jiangsu 213033 China
Phone
86-(519)-85557386
Company
Simagchem Corp
Address
12F Hulong Office Bldg, No 6 Hubin East Rd
City State Country
Xiamen Fujian 361004 China
Phone
86-(592)-2680277
Chemical Register; Online Chemical Buyer's Guide. Lead Chromate Oxide (18454-12-1). Available from, as of May 23, 2016: https://www.chemicalregister.com/

10.3 Methods of Manufacturing (Complete)

Basic lead chromate (chrome orange) is produced by the reaction of lead oxide with sodium dichromate in the presence of acetic acid or by the reaction of lead nitrate with sodium chromate in the presence of sodium carbonate.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V49 76 (1990)

11 Special References

11.1 Special Reports (Complete)

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Lead and Lead Compounds are listed as reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. /Lead and Lead Compounds/[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s101lead.pdf]
National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Chromium Hexavalent Compounds are listed as known to be human carcinogens. /Chromium Hexavalent Compounds/[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s045chro.pdf]

12 Synonyms and Identifiers

Synonyms

18454-12-1

LEAD CHROMATE OXIDE

Arancio cromo (Italian)

Austrian cinnabar

Basic lead chromate

Chinese red

Chrome orange

Chromic acid, lead(2+) salt (1:2)

Chromium lead oxide

C.I. 77601

C.I Pigment orange 21

C.I. Pigment red

C.P. Chrome light 2010

C.P. Chrome orange dark 2030

C.P. Chrome orange medium 2020

Dainichi chrome orange R

Genuine acetate chrome orange

Genuine orange chrome

Indian Red

International orange 2221

Irgachrome orange OS

Lead chromate, basic

Lead chromate, red

Lead chromate(VI) oxide

Light orange chrome

No. 156 orange chrome

Orange chrome

Orange nitrate chrome

Pale orange chrome

Persian red

Pure orange chrome M

Red lead chromate

Vynamon orange CR

12.2 Substance Title

LEAD CHROMATE OXIDE

12.3 EPA Hazardous Waste Number

D008; A waste containing lead may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Lead/
D007; A waste containing chromium may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Chromium/

13 Administrative Information

13.1 Hazardous Substances DataBank Number

6185

13.2 Last Revision Date

20161025

13.3 Last Review Date

Reviewed by SRP on 5/19/2016

13.4 Update History

Complete Update on 2016-10-25, 42 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2009-08-12, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2009-04-16, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2008-08-15, 25 fields added/edited/deleted

Complete Update on 2005-06-23, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2005-01-29, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Complete Update on 02/14/2003, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 11/08/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/16/2002, 47 fields added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 05/13/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 02/13/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 08/08/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/16/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/15/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 04/20/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 02/08/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/30/1999, 7 fields added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 04/02/1999, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 03/19/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 02/11/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 11/24/1998, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 11/20/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 11/17/1998, 10 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 10/28/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/11/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 06/03/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 11/01/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/13/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 07/22/1997, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 05/09/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 02/03/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 10/20/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 06/18/1996, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 06/03/1996, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/14/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/03/1996, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 01/31/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 02/17/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 01/12/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/01/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/17/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/05/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 04/04/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 10/28/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/07/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/25/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 01/20/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field update on 01/12/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 12/10/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 12/02/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 11/23/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 11/04/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/18/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/15/1992, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 01/28/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 12/19/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field update on 11/09/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field update on 05/18/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field update on 12/29/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 12/19/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 06/21/1989, 62 fields added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 02/10/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 03/09/1985

Created 19830401 by GCF

CONTENTS