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TETRAMETHYLOLPHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE

Hazardous Substances DataBank Number
2923
Related PubChem Records
Related CIDs

1 Human Health Effects

1.1 Evidence for Carcinogenicity (Complete)

Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium salts were available. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium salts. Overall evaluation: Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium salts are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). /Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium salts/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. 71 1532 (1999)
A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 56

2 Emergency Medical Treatment

2.1 Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete)

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/
Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994., p. 139
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/
Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994., p. 139

3 Animal Toxicity Studies

3.1 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete)

TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL) PHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE WAS TESTED FOR CARCINOGENICITY BY SKIN APPLICATION 3 TIMES/WK IN RANDOM BRED FEMALE SWISS ICR/HA MICE FOR 420-496 DAYS (2 MG/APPLICATION, 60 MICE). IT WAS FOUND TO BE INACTIVE.
VAN DUUREN BL ET AL; CANCER RES 38 (10): 3236 (1978)
APPLICATION OF TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE (THPC) TO MOUSE SKIN (2 MG IN 0.1 ML DMSO) 3 TIMES/WK FOR 400 DAYS WITH 20 FEMALE ICR/HA SWISS MICE/GROUP, GAVE ONE SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA. THPC WAS INACTIVE AS AN INITIATING AGENT IN TWO-STAGE MOUSE SKIN CARCINOGENESIS WITH PHORBOL MYRISTATE ACETATE AS PROMOTER. THPC WAS ACTIVE AS TUMOR PROMOTER, USING A SINGLE APPLICATION OF 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE (20 MICRO NG IN 0.1 ML ACETONE) AS INITIATOR. WITH THPC AS PROMOTER (2 MG IN 0.1 ML DMSO, THRICE WEEKLY) 3 OF 20 MICE BORE PAPILLOMAS WHICH PROGRESSED TO SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA.
LOEWENGART G, VAN DUUREN BL; J TOXICOL ENVIRON HEALTH 2 (3): 539 (1977)
SPOT TESTS SHOWED TETRAMETHYLOLPHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE TO BE NONMUTAGENIC IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM STRAINS TA100, TA98, TA1535 & TA1537 WITH & WITHOUT S-9 MIX USING 1,000, 300, 100 & 10 UG/PLATE.
MACGREGOR JT ET AL; ENVRION MUTAGEN 2 (3): 405 (1980)
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (TPC) was tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay using a protocol approved by the National Toxicology Program. TPC was tested over a wide range of doses (0, 0.33, 1.0, 3.3, & 33 ug/plate) in 4 Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535, & TA1537) in the presence & absence of Aroclor-induced rat or hamster liver S9. TPC was negative in these tests & the highest ineffective dose level tested in any Salmonella tester strain was 33 ug/plate.
Zeiger E et al; Environ Mutagen 9:1-110 (1987)
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride was tested for carcinogenicity by oral administration in one strain of mice and one strain of rats. No dose-related increase in the incidence of any tumor was observed; however, in male rats receiving the low dose, there was an increased incidence of mononuclear-cell leukemia. Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-phosphonium chloride did not show significant promoting activity in a two-stage skin carcinogenicity test in mice.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 1530 (1999)
Toxicology & carcinogenesis studies of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) & tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) were conducted because of the widespread use of these chemicals as flame retardants in cotton fabrics. THPS was available as a 72% aqueous soln & THPC as a 75% aqueous soln. Two yr studies were conducted in F344/N rats by admin 0, 5, 10 mg/kg THPS or 0, 3.75 or 7.5 mg/kg THPC in deionized water by gavage to groups of 49 or 50 animals of each sex, 5 days/wk for 103 or 104 wk. Groups of 49 or 50 B6C3F1 mice were admin 0, 5 or 10 mg/kg THPS (each sex), 0, 7.5 or 15 mg/kg (males) or 0, 15 or 30 mg/kg THPC (females). ... Under the conditions of these 2 yr gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity of THPS in either sex of F344/N rats or B6C3F1 mice given 5 or 10 mg/kg. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity of THPC in either sex of F344/N rats given 3.75 or 7.5 mg/kg, in male B6C3F1 mice given 7.5 or 15 mg/kg, or in female B6C3F1 mice given 15 or 30 mg/kg.
Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice. Technical Report Series No. 296 (1987) NIH Publication No. 87-2552 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
During 90 day gavage studies, hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration was seen in rats and mice receiving tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate or chloride. Neurotoxicity was also caused by the latter salt.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 1531 (1999)
In two-year studies, ... when treated with the chloride salt, mice and rats showed hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolization. Moreover, male rats showed liver cystic degeneration, female mice displayed thyroid follicular-cell hyperplasia and female rats spleen hematopoeisis.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 1531 (1999)
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride was not mutagenic to bacteria in either the presence or absence of an exogenous metabolic system. It induced sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro and, in a single study, it induced mutations in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells in vitro at the tk locus.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 1531 (1999)
... Erythema & edema of the integumentary system were observed /after a 24 hr dermal exposure to >4084 mg THPC/kg bw of albino rabbits/.
WHO; Environ Health Criteria 218: Flame Retardants: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Phosphate, Tris(2-ethylhexyl)Phosphate and Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)Phosphonium Salts p.78 (2000)
Groups of five 6-wk old, F-344/N rats of each sex were admin 0, 9.4, 18.8, 37.5, 75, or 150 mg THPC (as a 75% aqueous soln)/kg bw in deionized water by gavage for 14 days. At the 2 highest dose levels an increased mortality was observed. At 75 mg/kg the mortality for males was 20%, & at 150 mg/kg all males & females died. The body weight gain of the male animals admin 18.8 & 37.5 mg/kg was decreased respectively, by 7 & 11%. This effect was also found in the females admin 75 mg/kg (27%). Rats with 150 mg/kg had yellow to tan or mottled red livers.
WHO; Environ Health Criteria 218: Flame Retardants: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Phosphate, Tris(2-ethylhexyl)Phosphate and Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)Phosphonium Salts p.78 (2000)
Groups of ten 4-wk old F-344/N rats of each sex were gavaged 5 days/wk for 13 wk with 0, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, or 60 mg THPC (as a 75% aqueous soln)/kg. All males & 5/10 females that received 60 mg/kg died. The final mean body weight of males that received 30 mg/kg was 89% of vehicle controls. The final mean body weight of females that received 60 mg/kg was 80% of vehicle controls. At the highest dose level, clinical signs of toxicity included rough coat, hunched back, diarrhea, lethargy, paresis & hyperextension of back legs. Periportal hepatocellular necrosis was observed in 9/10 males & 7/10 females that received 15 mg/kg, all males & females that received 30 mg/kg, & 7/10 males & 8/10 females that received 60 mg/kg. Periportal cytoplasmic vacuolization was observed in 8/10 males that received 7.5 mg/kg, 9/10 males & 8/10 females that received 15 mg/kg, & all rats that received 30 or 60 mg/kg. Degeneration of the axons was found in 2/10 females that received 60 mg/kg. The NOAEL for this study is 2.7 mg/kg bw/day; the LOAEL was 5.4 mg/kg bw/day.
WHO; Environ Health Criteria 218: Flame Retardants: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Phosphate, Tris(2-ethylhexyl)Phosphate and Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)Phosphonium Salts p.79-80 (2000)

3.2 National Toxicology Program Studies (Complete)

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) were conducted because of the widespread use of these chemicals as flame retardants in cotton fabrics. THPS was available as a 72% aqueous solution and THPC as a 75% aqueous solution. Two yr studies were conducted in F344/N rats by admin 0, 5, 10 mg/kg THPS or 0, 3.75 or 7.5 mg/kg THPC in deionized water by gavage to groups of 49 or 50 animals of each sex, 5 days/wk for 103 or 104 wk. Groups of 49 or 50 B6C3F1 mice were admin 0, 5 or 10 mg/kg THPS (each sex), 0, 7.5 or 15 mg/kg (males) or 0, 15 or 30 mg/kg THPC (females). ... Under the conditions of these 2 year gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity of THPS in either sex of F344/N rats or B6C3F1 mice given 5 or 10 mg/kg. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity of THPC in either sex of F344/N rats given 3.75 or 7.5 mg/kg, in male B6C3F1 mice given 7.5 or 15 mg/kg, or in female B6C3F1 mice given 15 or 30 mg/kg.
Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice. Technical Report Series No. 296 (1987) NIH Publication No. 87-2552 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709

3.3 Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete)

LD50 Rat oral 161 mg/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 3117
LD50 Mouse (female) oral 280 mg/kg bw (75% soln in water) /From table/
WHO; Environ Health Criteria 218: Flame Retardants: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Phosphate, Tris(2-ethylhexyl)Phosphate and Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)Phosphonium Salts p.78 (2000)
LD50 Rat (male) oral 185 mg/kg bw (75% soln in water) /From table/
WHO; Environ Health Criteria 218: Flame Retardants: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Phosphate, Tris(2-ethylhexyl)Phosphate and Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)Phosphonium Salts p.78 (2000)
LD50 Rabbit (albino) dermal >4084 mg THPC/kg bw (24 hr exposure)
WHO; Environ Health Criteria 218: Flame Retardants: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Phosphate, Tris(2-ethylhexyl)Phosphate and Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)Phosphonium Salts p.78 (2000)

3.4 Ongoing Test Status

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=124-64-1]

4 Metabolism / Pharmacokinetics

4.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete)

Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride can be absorbed through the skin.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 1531 (1999)

5 Chemical / Physical Properties

5.1 Molecular Formula

C4-H12-O4-P.CL

5.2 Molecular Weight

190.56
Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V4 4154

5.3 Color / Form (Complete)

Crystalline
Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 13th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1997., p. 1089

5.4 Melting Point

154 °C
Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V4 4154

5.5 Density

1.341
Aldrich; Handbook of Fine Chemicals and Laboratory Equipment. 2000-2001. Wilwaukee, WI: Alrich Chem Co p. 1576 (2000)

5.6 Solubility (Complete)

In water, 40,000 mg/l, temp not specified.
Brown SL et al; Research program on hazard priority ranking of manufactured chemicals. Chemicals 1-120. Menlo Park, CA: Stanford Res Inst. NTIS PB-263 161. pp. 191 (1975)

5.7 Refractive Index

Index of refraction: 1.5120 @ 20 °C/D
Aldrich; Handbook of Fine Chemicals and Laboratory Equipment. 2000-2001. Wilwaukee, WI: Alrich Chem Co p. 1576 (2000)

6 Spectral Information

6.1 1D NMR Spectra

1D NMR Spectra
H1 NMR: SAD 11664 (Sadtler Research Laboratories spetral collection)

6.2 IR Spectra

IR Spectra
IR: u SADP 13510 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Prism collection)

7 Chemical Safety & Handling

7.1 Disposal Methods (Complete)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

8 Occupational Exposure Standards

8.1 Threshold Limit Values (TLV) (Complete)

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 2 mg/cu m.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 56
Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 5
A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 56

9 Manufacturing / Use Information

9.1 Uses (Complete)

FLAME RETARDANT FOR TEXTILES- EG, COTTON & RAYON; FLAME RETARDANT CONDENSATE WITH UREA USED IN FABRICS; CHEM INT FOR THE HYDROXIDE SALT
SRI
BROAD SPECTRUM DISINFECTANT WITH HIGH BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI & STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, & FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS OF CATTLE
RAVILOV AZ ET AL; BROAD-SPECTRUM DISINFECTANTS; VETERINARIYA (MOSCOW) (59 26 81979)
Flame-retarding agent for cotton fabrics. /Former use/
Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 13th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1997., p. 1089

9.2 Manufacturers

NO LONGER PRODUCED IN THE US
SRI

9.3 Methods of Manufacturing (Complete)

SRI
Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 13th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1997., p. 1089

9.4 Formulations / Preparations (Complete)

May be used in combination with triethylolamine and urea (Roxel process) or with triethanolamine and tris(1-aziridinyl) phosphate oxide.
Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 13th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1997., p. 1089

9.5 U.S. Production (Complete)

(1973) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS
SRI
(1975) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS
SRI

10 Special References

10.1 Special Reports (Complete)

DHHS/NTP; Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) Technical Report Series No. 296 (1987) NIH Publication No. 87-2522

11 Synonyms and Identifiers

11.2 Substance Title

12 Administrative Information

12.1 Hazardous Substances DataBank Number

2923

12.2 Last Revision Date

20050623

12.3 Last Review Date

Reviewed by SRP on 9/15/2001

12.4 Update History

Field Update on 2012-03-26, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2009-04-16, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2008-08-23, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2008-08-22, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2008-08-21, 1 fields added/edited/deleted

Complete Update on 2005-06-23, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Field Update on 2005-01-29, 2 fields added/edited/deleted

Complete Update on 02/14/2003, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 11/08/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/06/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/15/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/13/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 04/19/2002, 26 fields added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 08/08/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 05/16/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 01/31/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 02/08/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 11/26/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 10/26/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 07/11/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 05/11/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 01/26/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/21/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 04/20/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 04/20/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 12/30/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/13/1994, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/15/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 02/28/1993, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Field update on 12/27/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Field Update on 09/03/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 10/02/1990, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 09/30/1988, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 12/16/1987, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Created 19830401 by GCF

CONTENTS