ERG 2024 Guide Summary

References:

The Emergency Response Guidebook website at PHMSA/DOT.
The 2024 Emergency Response Guidebook English PDF.
The 2024 Emergency Response Guidebook Français PDF.
The 2024 Emergency Response Guidebook Español PDF.

Guide Number Index:

111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174

GUIDE 111 ☝

GUIDE 111

Mixed Load/Unidentified Cargo

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· May explode from heat, shock, friction or contamination.
· May react violently or explosively on contact with air, water or foam.
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

HEALTH

· Inhalation, ingestion or contact with substance may cause severe injury, infection, disease or death.
· High concentration of gas may cause asphyxiation without warning.
· Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
· Fire or contact with water may produce irritating, toxic and/or corrosive gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: Material may react with extinguishing agent.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
Small Spill
· Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

FIRST AID

General First Aid:
· Call 911 or emergency medical service.
· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.
· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.
· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
· If victim is not breathing:
-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingestedor inhaled the substance.
-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).
-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuouscompressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.
· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.
· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
· Keep victim calm and warm.
· Keep victim under observation.
· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.
· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

GUIDE 112 ☝

GUIDE 112

Explosives* - Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· MAY EXPLODE AND THROW FRAGMENTS 1600 METERS (1 MILE) OR MORE IF FIRE REACHES CARGO.

HEALTH

· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Move people out of line of sight of the scene and away from windows.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Fire
· If rail car or trailer is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.
* For information on "Compatibility Group" letters, refer to the Glossary section.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CARGO Fire
· DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches cargo! Cargo may EXPLODE!
· Stop all traffic and clear the area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions and let burn.
· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
TIRE or VEHICLE Fire
· Use plenty of water - FLOOD it! If water is not available, use CO2, dry chemical or dirt.
· If possible, and WITHOUT RISK, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles from maximum distance to prevent fire from spreading to cargo area.
· Pay special attention to tire fires as re-ignition may occur. Stand by, at a safe distance, with extinguisher ready for possible re-ignition.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· DO NOT OPERATE RADIO TRANSMITTERS WITHIN 100 METERS (330 FEET) OF ELECTRIC DETONATORS.
· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 113 ☝

GUIDE 113

Flammable Materials (Wet/Desensitized Explosive)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Flammable/combustible material.
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· DRIED OUT material may explode if exposed to heat, flame, friction or shock; treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).
· Keep material wet with water or treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).
· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH

· Some are toxic and may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Specifically, Dinitrophenol, wetted (UN1320); Dinitrophenolates, wetted (UN1321), Sodium dinitro-o-cresolate, wetted (UN1348); and Barium azide, wetted (UN1571) are known to be toxic.
· Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial evacuation for 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions.
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Small Spill
· Flush area with large amounts of water.
Large Spill
· Wet down with water and dike for later disposal.
· KEEP "WETTED" PRODUCT WET BY SLOWLY ADDING FLOODING QUANTITIES OF WATER.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 114 ☝

GUIDE 114

Explosives* - Division 1.4 or 1.6

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· MAY EXPLODE AND THROW FRAGMENTS 800 METERS (1/2 MILE) OR MORE IF FIRE REACHES CARGO.

HEALTH

· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Move people out of line of sight of the scene and away from windows.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial evacuation for 250 meters (800 feet) in all directions.
Fire
· If rail car or trailer is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
· If fire threatens cargo area containing packages bearing the 1.4S label or packages containing material classified as 1.4S, consider isolating at least 15 meters (50 feet) in all directions.
* For information on "Compatibility Group" letters, refer to the Glossary section.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CARGO Fire
· DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches cargo! Cargo may EXPLODE!
· Stop all traffic and clear the area for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions and let burn.
· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
TIRE or VEHICLE Fire
· Use plenty of water - FLOOD it! If water is not available, use CO2, dry chemical or dirt.
· If possible, and WITHOUT RISK, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles from maximum distance to prevent fire from spreading to cargo area.
· Pay special attention to tire fires as re-ignition may occur. Stand by, at a safe distance, with extinguisher ready for possible re-ignition.
CLASS 1.4S Fire
· Packages bearing the 1.4S label or packages containing material classified as 1.4S are designed or packaged in such a manner that when involved in a fire, they may burn vigorously with localized detonations and projection of fragments.
· Effects are usually confined to immediate vicinity of packages.
· Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· DO NOT OPERATE RADIO TRANSMITTERS WITHIN 100 METERS (330 FEET) OF ELECTRIC DETONATORS.
· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 115 ☝

GUIDE 115

Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.
· Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Will form explosive mixtures with air.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966), Methane (UN1971) and Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compressed (UN2034) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
CAUTION: When LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972) is released on or near water, product may vaporize explosively.

HEALTH

· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations.
· Contact with gas, liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
· Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.
· Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.
· In fires involving Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) (UN1075), Butane (UN1011), Butylene (UN1012), Isobutylene (UN1055), Propylene (UN1077), Isobutane (UN1969), and Propane (UN1978), also refer to the "BLEVE - Safety Precautions" section.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.
CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compressed (UN2034) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)
Small Fire
· Dry chemical or CO2.
Large Fire
· Water spray or fog.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972) pool fires, DO NOT USE water. Use dry chemical or high-expansion foam.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972), DO NOT apply water, regular or alcohol-resistant foam directly on spill. Use a high-expansion foam if available to reduce vapors.
· Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas.
· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.
CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 116 ☝

GUIDE 116

Gases - Flammable (Unstable)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.
· Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Will form explosive mixtures with air. Acetylene (UN1001, UN3374) may react explosively even in the absence of air.
· Disilane (UN3553) and Silane (UN2203) will ignite spontaneously in air and may re-ignite.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

HEALTH

· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Some may be toxic if inhaled at high concentrations.
· Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
· Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical or CO2.
Large Fire
· Water spray or fog.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 117 ☝

GUIDE 117

Gases - Toxic - Flammable (Extreme Hazard)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· TOXIC; Extremely Hazardous.
· May be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
· Initial odor may be irritating or foul and may deaden your sense of smell.
· Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· These materials are extremely flammable.
· May form explosive mixtures with air.
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and flammable gas through pressure relief devices.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Spill
· See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.
· Consider igniting spill or leak to eliminate toxic gas concerns.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 118 ☝

GUIDE 118

Gases - Flammable - Corrosive

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· May form explosive mixtures with air.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Some of these materials may react violently with water.
· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

HEALTH

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled.
· Vapors are extremely irritating.
· Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Spill
· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical or CO2.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 119 ☝

GUIDE 119

Gases - Toxic - Flammable

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Some may cause severe skin burns and eye damage.
· Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Flammable; may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· May form explosive mixtures with air. Ethylene oxide (UN1040) may react explosively even in the absence of air.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Some of these materials may react violently with water.
· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and flammable gas through pressure relief devices.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.
· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 120 ☝

GUIDE 120

Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
· Contact with gas, liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Non-flammable gases.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Allow substance to evaporate.
· Ventilate the area.
CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 121 ☝

GD 121

Intentionally left blank
There are no materials that refer to this guide.

GUIDE 122 ☝

GUIDE 122

Gases - Oxidizing (Including Refrigerated Liquids)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Substance does not burn but will support combustion.
· Some may react explosively with fuels.
· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

HEALTH

· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Contact with gas, liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
· Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.
· Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical or CO2.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Allow substance to evaporate.
· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.
CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 123 ☝

GUIDE 123

Gases - Toxic

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
· Vapors may be irritating and/or corrosive.
· Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some may burn but none ignite readily.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Spill
· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Dry chemical or CO2.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 124 ☝

GUIDE 124

Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Substance does not burn but will support combustion.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
· These are strong oxidizers and will react vigorously or explosively with many materials including fuels.
· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· Some will react violently with air, moist air and/or water.
· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Spill
· See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: These materials do not burn but will support combustion. Some will react violently with water.
Small Fire
· Contain fire and let burn. If fire must be fought, water spray or fog is recommended.
· Water only; no dry chemical, CO2 or Halon®.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.
· Ventilate the area.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 125 ☝

GUIDE 125

Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.
· Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive.
· Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some may burn but none ignite readily.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
· Some of these materials may react violently with water.
· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
· For UN1005: Anhydrous ammonia, at high concentrations in confined spaces, presents a flammability risk if a source of ignition is introduced.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Dry chemical or CO2.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 126 ☝

GUIDE 126

Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some may burn but none ignite readily.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
CAUTION: Aerosols (UN1950) may contain a flammable propellant.

HEALTH

· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
· Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical or CO2.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Allow substance to evaporate.
· Ventilate the area.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 127 ☝

GUIDE 127

Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)
· Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Many liquids will float on water.

HEALTH

· Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.
CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.
CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 128 ☝

GUIDE 128

Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Many liquids will float on water.
· Substance may be transported hot.
· For hybrid vehicles, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.
· If molten aluminum is involved, refer to GUIDE 169.

HEALTH

CAUTION: Petroleum crude oil (UN1267) may contain TOXIC hydrogen sulphide gas.
· Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.
CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.
· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 129 ☝

GUIDE 129

Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible/Noxious)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

HEALTH

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
· Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 130 ☝

GUIDE 130

Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible/Noxious)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

HEALTH

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.
· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 131 ☝

GUIDE 131

Flammable Liquids - Toxic

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.
· Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes.
· Methyl chloroacetate (UN2295) is an eye irritant/lachrymator (causes flow of tears).
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)
· Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Many liquids will float on water.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Spill
· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.
CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
Small Spill
· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.
· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 132 ☝

GUIDE 132

Flammable Liquids - Corrosive

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Flammable/combustible material.
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Many liquids will float on water.

HEALTH

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested.
· Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· Some of these materials may react violently with water.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
· Do not get water inside containers.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.
· For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).
· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 133 ☝

GUIDE 133

Flammable Solids

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Flammable/combustible material.
· May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames.
· Some may burn rapidly with flare-burning effect.
· Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.
· Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point.
· May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

HEALTH

· Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
· Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, sand, earth, water spray or regular foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Metal Pigments or Pastes (e.g. "Aluminum Paste")
· Aluminum Paste fires should be treated as a combustible metal fire. Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride-based extinguishers or class D extinguishers. Also, see GUIDE 170.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Small Dry Spill
· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.
Large Spill
· Wet down with water and dike for later disposal.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 134 ☝

GUIDE 134

Flammable Solids - Toxic and/or Corrosive

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Flammable/combustible material.
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
· Containers may explode when heated.

HEALTH

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 135 ☝

GUIDE 135

Substances - Spontaneously Combustible

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Flammable/combustible material.
· May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture.
· May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect.
· Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.
· Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
· Containers may explode when heated.

HEALTH

· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
· Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.
CAUTION: Pentaborane (UN1380) is highly toxic and may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Spill
· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF.
· Some of these materials may react violently with water.
CAUTION: For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction. Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342.
Large Fire
· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342, or withdraw from area and let fire burn.
CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Small Spill
CAUTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal.
CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors.
· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 136 ☝

GUIDE 136

Substances - Spontaneously Combustible - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Air-Reactive)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Extremely flammable; will ignite itself if exposed to air.
· Burns rapidly, releasing dense, white, irritating fumes.
· Substance may be transported in a molten form.
· May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
· Containers may explode when heated.

HEALTH

· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; ingestion of substance or inhalation of decomposition products will cause severe injury or death.
· Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
· Some effects may be experienced due to skin absorption.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.
· For Phosphorus (UN1381): Special aluminized protective clothing should be worn when direct contact with the substance is possible.

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Water spray, wet sand or wet earth.
Large Fire
· Water spray or fog.
· Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Small Spill
· Cover with water, sand or earth. Shovel into metal container and keep material under water.
Large Spill
· Dike for later disposal and cover with wet sand or earth.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 137 ☝

GUIDE 137

Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.
· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.
· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff.
· Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.).
· Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
· Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
· Substance may be transported in a molten form.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical or CO2.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Large Fire
· Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container.
· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
Small Spill
· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 138 ☝

GUIDE 138

Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Produce flammable gases on contact with water.
· May ignite on contact with water or moist air.
· Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
· Some are transported in highly flammable liquids.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH

· Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
· May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.
Large Fire
· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Metals or Powders (Aluminum, Lithium, Magnesium, etc.)
· Use dry chemical, DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or class D extinguishers; in addition, for Lithium you may use Lith-X® powder or copper powder. Also, see GUIDE 170.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
Small Spill
· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
· Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.
Powder Spill
· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.
· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 139 ☝

GUIDE 139

Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Produce flammable and toxic gases on contact with water.
· May ignite on contact with water or moist air.
· Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
· Some are transported in highly flammable liquids.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH

· Highly toxic: contact with water produces toxic gas, may be fatal if inhaled.
· Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
· May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM. (FOAM MAY BE USED FOR CHLOROSILANES, SEE BELOW)
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.
Large Fire
· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.
· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam; DO NOT USE dry chemicals, soda ash or lime on chlorosilane fires (large or small) as they may release large quantities of hydrogen gas that may explode.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.
Small Spill
· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
· Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.
Powder Spill
· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.
· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 140 ☝

GUIDE 140

Oxidizers

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).
· These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.
· Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· May explode from heat or contamination.
· Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).
· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH

· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Large Spill
· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
· If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.
Large Fire
· Flood fire area with water from a distance.
· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided.
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Do not get water inside containers.
Small Dry Spill
· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.
Small Liquid Spill
· Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 141 ☝

GUIDE 141

Oxidizers - Toxic

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.
· May explode from heat or contamination.
· Some may burn rapidly.
· Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).
· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH

· Toxic by ingestion.
· Inhalation of dust is toxic.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.
Large Fire
· Flood fire area with water from a distance.
· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 142 ☝

GUIDE 142

Oxidizers - Toxic (Liquid)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.
· May explode from heat or contamination.
· Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).
· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH

· TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Toxic/flammable fumes may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, tank cars, etc.).
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.
Large Fire
· Flood fire area with water from a distance.
· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift.
· Do not get water inside containers.
Small Liquid Spill
· Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 143 ☝

GUIDE 143

Oxidizers (Unstable)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· May explode from friction, heat or contamination.
· These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.
· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH

· TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
· Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
· Toxic fumes or dust may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.).
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.
Large Fire
· Flood fire area with water from a distance.
· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Do not get water inside containers: a violent reaction may occur.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
Small Spill
· Flush area with large amounts of water.
Large Spill
· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 144 ☝

GUIDE 144

Oxidizers (Water-Reactive)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· React vigorously and/or explosively with water.
· Produce toxic and/or corrosive substances on contact with water.
· Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in tanks and hopper cars.
· Some may produce flammable hydrogen gas upon contact with metals.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH

· TOXIC; inhalation or contact with vapor, substance, or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, soda ash or lime.
Large Fire
· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.
· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
Small Spill
· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
Large Spill
· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 145 ☝

GUIDE 145

Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· May explode from heat or contamination.
· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH

· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with substance may cause severe injury or burns.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Water spray or fog is preferred; if water not available use dry chemical, CO2 or regular foam.
Large Fire
· Flood fire area with water from a distance.
· Use water spray or fog; avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Keep substance wet using water spray.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Small Spill
· Pick up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean, non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
Large Spill
· Wet down with water and dike for later disposal.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 146 ☝

GUIDE 146

Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· May explode from heat, shock, friction or contamination.
· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

SPILL OR LEAK

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 147 ☝

GUIDE 147

Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Lithium ion and sodium ion batteries contain flammable liquid electrolyte that may vent, ignite and produce sparks when subjected to high temperatures (> 150°C (302°F)), when damaged or abused (e.g., mechanical damage or electrical overcharging).
· May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect.
· May ignite other batteries in close proximity.

HEALTH

· Contact with battery electrolyte may be irritating to skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Burning batteries may produce toxic hydrogen fluoride gas (see GUIDE 125).
· Fumes may cause dizziness or asphyxiation.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.
Spill
· Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
Fire
· If rail car or trailer is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions; also initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· A lithium ion or sodium ion battery fire may reignite at any point after the initial fire is extinguished, up to weeks later.
· Use thermal imaging, if available, to continuously monitor the battery.
· Reignition can be accompanied by off-gassing of white smoke or electrical arcs or sparks that reignite with visible flames or fire.
CAUTION: The use of salt water for firefighting is not recommended since it may increase production of hydrogen and hydrogen fluoride gas.
Vehicle Fire
· If battery is not connected to a vehicle, see "Small Fire or Fire Involving Small Battery" below.
· Check manufacturer's specific emergency response guide before attempting to disable vehicle.
· Turn off the ignition and disconnect the 12-volt battery if it can be done safely.
· Never cut the high voltage (HV) or medium voltage (MV) cabling.
· Never touch damaged or submerged HV or MV cables or components.
· If available, use large amount of water to extinguish or suppress a high-voltage battery fire. Using small amount of water could release toxic gases.
· If possible, spray water directly onto battery.
· DO NOT pierce, cut, pry, or dismantle any of the vehicle's structure to access the battery. Contact with a high voltage component may cause an electric shock.
Small Fire or Fire Involving Small Battery (e.g., personal electronic devices, e-bike, etc.)
· Water spray only (large amounts); do not use dry chemical, CO2 or Halon®.
Large Fire or Fire Involving Large Battery or Multiple Small Batteries
· Allow battery fire to burn itself out and protect surroundings.
· Safely remove undamaged containers from area.
· Apply water spray to neighboring batteries to reduce the spread of the hazard.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.
· Leaking batteries and contaminated absorbent material should be placed in metal containers.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 148 ☝

GUIDE 148

Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive / Temperature Controlled)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· May explode from heat, contamination or loss of temperature control.
· These materials are particularly sensitive to temperature rises. Above a given "Control Temperature" they may decompose violently and catch fire.
· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· May ignite spontaneously if exposed to air.
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· The temperature of the substance must be maintained at or below the "Control Temperature" at all times.
Small Fire
· Water spray or fog is preferred; if water not available use dry chemical, CO2 or regular foam.
Large Fire
· Flood fire area with water from a distance.
· Use water spray or fog; avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· BEWARE OF POSSIBLE CONTAINER EXPLOSION.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· DO NOT allow the substance to warm up. Use a coolant agent such as dry ice or ice (wear thermal protective gloves). If this is not possible or none can be obtained, evacuate the area immediately.
· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Small Spill
· Pick up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean, non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 149 ☝

GUIDE 149

Substances (Self-Reactive)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Self-decomposition, self-polymerization, or self-ignition may be triggered by heat, chemical reaction, friction or impact.
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· May burn violently. Decomposition or polymerization may be self-accelerating and produce large amounts of gases.
· Vapors or dust may form explosive mixtures with air.

HEALTH

· Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
· May produce irritating, toxic and/or corrosive gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
Large Fire
· Flood fire area with water from a distance.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· BEWARE OF POSSIBLE CONTAINER EXPLOSION.
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Small Spill
· Pick up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean, non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 150 ☝

GUIDE 150

Substances (Self-Reactive / Temperature Controlled)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Self-decomposition, self-polymerization, or self-ignition may be triggered by heat, chemical reaction, friction or impact.
· Self-accelerating decomposition may occur if the specific "control temperature" is not maintained.
· These materials are particularly sensitive to temperature rises. Above a given "Control Temperature" they may decompose or polymerize violently and catch fire.
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· May burn violently. Decomposition or polymerization may be self-accelerating and produce large amounts of gases.
· Vapors or dust may form explosive mixtures with air.

HEALTH

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· The temperature of the substance must be maintained at or below the "Control Temperature" at all times.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
Large Fire
· Flood fire area with water from a distance.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· BEWARE OF POSSIBLE CONTAINER EXPLOSION.
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· DO NOT allow the substance to warm up. Use a coolant agent such as dry ice or ice (wear thermal protective gloves). If this is not possible or none can be obtained, evacuate the area immediately.
· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Small Spill
· Pick up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean, non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 151 ☝

GUIDE 151

Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.
· Avoid any skin contact.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Runoff may pollute waterways.

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
· For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 152 ☝

GUIDE 152

Substances - Toxic (Combustible)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.
· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
· Avoid any skin contact.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Runoff may pollute waterways.
· Substance may be transported in a molten form.

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 153 ☝

GUIDE 153

Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
· Methyl bromoacetate (UN2643) is an eye irritant/lachrymator (causes flow of tears).
· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
· Avoid any skin contact.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
· When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Runoff may pollute waterways.
· Substance may be transported in a molten form.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.
Large Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 154 ☝

GUIDE 154

Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
· Avoid any skin contact.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
· Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· For electric vehicles or equipment, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 155 ☝

GUIDE 155

Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff.
· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
· Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

HEALTH

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
· Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators (cause eye irritation and flow of tears).
· Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases.
· Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.
CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.
Small Fire
· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.
· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
Small Spill
· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 156 ☝

GUIDE 156

Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
· Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff.
· When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
· Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

HEALTH

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
· Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases.
· Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.
CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.
Small Fire
· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 157 ☝

GUIDE 157

Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible/Water-Sensitive)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
· Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases.
· Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
· UN1802, UN2032, UN3084, UN3093, UN1796 (above 50%), UN1826 (above 50%), and UN2031 (above 65%) may act as oxidizers. Also consult GUIDE 140.
· Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.).
· Substance may react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff.
· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
· Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· Note: Some foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.
Small Fire
· CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
Small Spill
· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 158 ☝

GUIDE 158

Infectious Substances

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Inhalation or contact with substance may cause infection, disease or death.
· Category A Infectious Substances (UN2814, UN2900 or UN3549) are more hazardous, or are in a more hazardous form, than infectious substances shipped as Category B Biological Substances (UN3373) or clinical waste/medical waste (UN3291).
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.
· Damaged packages containing solid CO2 as a refrigerant may produce water or frost from condensation of air. Do not touch this liquid as it could be contaminated by the contents of the parcel.
· Contact with solid CO2 may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.
· Some may be transported in flammable liquids.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Consult the shipping paper to identify the substance involved.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Use judgement based on the amount of material present and the possible routes of exposure to select protective clothing.
· Wear appropriate respiratory protection, such as fit-tested N95 respirator (at minimum), powered air purifying respirator (PAPR), or positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Wear full coverage body protection (e.g., Tyvek suit), faceshield, and disposable fluid-resistant gloves (e.g., latex or nitrile).
· Wear appropriate footwear; disposable shoe covers can be worn to protect against contamination.
· Puncture- and cut-resistant gloves should be worn over fluid-resistant gloves if sharp objects (e.g., broken glass, needles) are present.
· Wear insulated gloves (e.g. cryo gloves) over fluid-resistant gloves when handling dry ice (UN1845).
· Decontaminate protective clothing and personal protective equipment after use and before cleaning or disposal with a compatible chemical disinfectant (e.g., 10% solution of bleach, equivalent to 0.5% sodium hypochlorite) or through a validated decontamination technology (e.g., autoclave) or process.
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.
Large Fire
· Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.
· Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.
· Cover damaged package or spilled material with absorbent material such as paper towel, towel or rag to absorb any liquids, and, beginning from outside edge, pour liquid bleach or other chemical disinfectant to saturate. Keep wet with liquid bleach or other disinfectant.
· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 159 ☝

GUIDE 159

Substances (Irritating)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Inhalation of vapors or dust is extremely irritating.
· May cause burning of eyes and lachrymation (flow of tears).
· May cause coughing, difficult breathing and nausea.
· Brief exposure effects last only a few minutes.
· Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.
· Containers may explode when heated.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Small Spill
· Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 160 ☝

GUIDE 160

Halogenated Solvents

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Toxic by ingestion.
· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful.
· Contact may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
· Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.
· Most vapors are heavier than air.
· Air/vapor mixtures may explode when ignited.
· Container may explode in heat of fire.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.
Large Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Small Liquid Spill
· Pick up with sand, earth or other non-combustible absorbent material.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 161 ☝

GUIDE 161

Radioactive Materials (Low Level Radiation)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Radiation presents minimal risk to transport workers, emergency response personnel and the public during transportation accidents. Packaging durability increases as potential hazard of radioactive content increases.
· Very low levels of contained radioactive materials and low radiation levels outside packages result in low risks to people. Damaged packages may release measurable amounts of radioactive material, but the resulting risks are expected to be low.
· Some radioactive materials cannot be detected by commonly available instruments.
· Packages do not have RADIOACTIVE I, II, or III labels. Some may have EMPTY labels or may have the word "Radioactive" in the package marking.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some of these materials may burn, but most do not ignite readily.
· Many have cardboard outer packaging; content (physically large or small) can be of many different physical forms.
· Radioactivity does not change flammability or other properties of materials.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Priorities for rescue, life-saving, first aid, fire control and other hazards are higher than the priority for measuring radiation levels.
· Radiation Authority must be notified of accident conditions. Radiation Authority is usually responsible for decisions about radiological consequences and closure of emergencies.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Detain or isolate uninjured persons or equipment suspected to be contaminated; delay decontamination and cleanup until instructions are received from Radiation Authority.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and structural firefighters' protective clothing will provide adequate protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).
Fire
· When a large quantity of this material is involved in a major fire, consider an initial evacuation distance of 300 meters (1000 feet) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· Presence of radioactive material will not influence the fire control processes and should not influence selection of techniques.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Do not move damaged packages; move undamaged packages out of fire zone.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog (flooding amounts).

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch damaged packages or spilled material.
· Cover liquid spill with sand, earth or other non-combustible absorbent material.
· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 162 ☝

GUIDE 162

Radioactive Materials (Low to Moderate Level Radiation)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Radiation presents minimal risk to transport workers, emergency response personnel and the public during transportation accidents. Packaging durability increases as potential hazard of radioactive content increases.
· Undamaged packages are safe. Contents of damaged packages may cause higher external radiation exposure, or both external and internal radiation exposure if contents are released.
· Low radiation hazard when material is inside container. If material is released from package or bulk container, hazard will vary from low to moderate. Level of hazard will depend on the type and amount of radioactivity, the kind of material it is in, and/or the surfaces it is on.
· Some material may be released from packages during accidents of moderate severity but risks to people are not great.
· Released radioactive materials or contaminated objects usually will be visible if packaging fails.
· Some exclusive use shipments of bulk and packaged materials will not have RADIOACTIVE labels. Placards, markings and shipping papers provide identification.
· Some packages may have a RADIOACTIVE label and a second hazard label. The second hazard is usually greater than the radiation hazard; so follow this GUIDE as well as the response GUIDE for the second hazard class label.
· Some radioactive materials cannot be detected by commonly available instruments.
· Runoff from control of cargo fire may cause low-level pollution.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some of these materials may burn, but most do not ignite readily.
· Uranium and Thorium metal cuttings may ignite spontaneously if exposed to air (see GUIDE 136).
· Nitrates are oxidizers and may ignite other combustibles (see GUIDE 141).

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Priorities for rescue, life-saving, first aid, fire control and other hazards are higher than the priority for measuring radiation levels.
· Radiation Authority must be notified of accident conditions. Radiation Authority is usually responsible for decisions about radiological consequences and closure of emergencies.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Detain or isolate uninjured persons or equipment suspected to be contaminated; delay decontamination and cleanup until instructions are received from Radiation Authority.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and structural firefighters' protective clothing will provide adequate protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).
Fire
· When a large quantity of this material is involved in a major fire, consider an initial evacuation distance of 300 meters (1000 feet) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch damaged packages or spilled material.
· Cover liquid spill with sand, earth or other non-combustible absorbent material.
· Dike to collect large liquid spills.
· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 163 ☝

GUIDE 163

Radioactive Materials (Low to High Level Radiation)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Radiation presents minimal risk to transport workers, emergency response personnel and the public during transportation accidents. Packaging durability increases as potential hazard of radioactive content increases.
· Undamaged packages are safe. Contents of damaged packages may cause higher external radiation exposure, or both external and internal radiation exposure if contents are released.
· Type A packages (cartons, boxes, drums, articles, etc.) identified as Type A by marking on packages or by shipping papers contain non-life-endangering amounts. Partial releases might be expected if Type A packages are damaged in moderately severe accidents.
· Type B packages, and the rarely occurring Type C packages (large and small, usually metal), contain the most hazardous amounts. They can be identified by package markings or by shipping papers. Life-threatening conditions may exist only if contents are released or package shielding fails. Because of design, evaluation and testing of packages, these conditions would be expected only for accidents of utmost severity.
· The rarely occurring "Special Arrangement" shipments may be of Type A, Type B or Type C packages. Package type will be marked on packages, and shipment details will be on shipping papers.
· Radioactive White-I labels indicate radiation levels outside single, isolated, undamaged packages are very low (less than 0.005 mSv/h (0.5 mrem/h)).
· Radioactive Yellow-II and Yellow-III labeled packages have higher radiation levels. The transport index (TI) on the label identifies the maximum radiation level in mrem/h one meter from a single, isolated, undamaged package.
· Some radioactive materials cannot be detected by commonly available instruments.
· Water from cargo fire control may cause pollution.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some of these materials may burn, but most do not ignite readily.
· Radioactivity does not change flammability or other properties of materials.
· Type B packages are designed and evaluated to withstand total engulfment in flames at temperatures of 800°C (1475°F) for a period of 30 minutes.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Priorities for rescue, life-saving, first aid, fire control and other hazards are higher than the priority for measuring radiation levels.
· Radiation Authority must be notified of accident conditions. Radiation Authority is usually responsible for decisions about radiological consequences and closure of emergencies.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Detain or isolate uninjured persons or equipment suspected to be contaminated; delay decontamination and cleanup until instructions are received from Radiation Authority.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and structural firefighters' protective clothing will provide adequate protection against internal radiation exposure, but not external radiation exposure.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).
Fire
· When a large quantity of this material is involved in a major fire, consider an initial evacuation distance of 300 meters (1000 feet) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch damaged packages or spilled material.
· Damp surfaces on undamaged or slightly damaged packages are seldom an indication of packaging failure. Most packaging for liquid content have inner containers and/or inner absorbent materials.
· Cover liquid spill with sand, earth or other non-combustible absorbent material.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 164 ☝

GUIDE 164

Radioactive Materials (Special Form/Low to High Level External Radiation)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Radiation presents minimal risk to transport workers, emergency response personnel and the public during transportation accidents. Packaging durability increases as potential hazard of radioactive content increases.
· Undamaged packages are safe; contents of damaged packages may cause external radiation exposure, and much higher external exposure if contents (source capsules) are released.
· Contamination and internal radiation hazards are not expected, but not impossible.
· Type A packages (cartons, boxes, drums, articles, etc.) identified as Type A by marking on packages or by shipping papers contain non-life-endangering amounts. Radioactive sources may be released if Type A packages are damaged in moderately severe accidents.
· Type B packages, and the rarely occurring Type C packages, (large and small, usually metal) contain the most hazardous amounts. They can be identified by package markings or by shipping papers. Life-threatening conditions may exist only if contents are released or package shielding fails. Because of design, evaluation and testing of packages, these conditions would be expected only for accidents of utmost severity.
· Radioactive White-I labels indicate radiation levels outside single, isolated, undamaged packages are very low (less than 0.005 mSv/h (0.5 mrem/h)).
· Radioactive Yellow-II and Yellow-III labeled packages have higher radiation levels. The transport index (TI) on the label identifies the maximum radiation level in mrem/h one meter from a single, isolated, undamaged package.
· Radiation from the package contents, usually in durable metal capsules, can be detected by most radiation instruments.
· Water from cargo fire control is not expected to cause pollution.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Packagings can burn completely without risk of content loss from sealed source capsule.
· Radioactivity does not change flammability or other properties of materials.
· Radioactive source capsules and Type B packages are designed and evaluated to withstand total engulfment in flames at temperatures of 800°C (1475°F) for a period of 30 minutes.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Priorities for rescue, life-saving, first aid, fire control and other hazards are higher than the priority for measuring radiation levels.
· Radiation Authority must be notified of accident conditions. Radiation Authority is usually responsible for decisions about radiological consequences and closure of emergencies.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Delay final cleanup until instructions or advice is received from Radiation Authority.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).
Fire
· When a large quantity of this material is involved in a major fire, consider an initial evacuation distance of 300 meters (1000 feet) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch damaged packages or spilled material.
· Damp surfaces on undamaged or slightly damaged packages are seldom an indication of packaging failure. Contents are seldom liquid. Content is usually a metal capsule, easily seen if released from package.
· If source capsule is identified as being out of package, DO NOT TOUCH. Stay away and await advice from Radiation Authority.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 165 ☝

GUIDE 165

Radioactive Materials (Fissile/Low to High Level Radiation)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Radiation presents minimal risk to transport workers, emergency response personnel and the public during transportation accidents. Packaging durability increases as potential hazard of radioactive content increases.
· Undamaged packages are safe. Contents of damaged packages may cause higher external radiation exposure, or both external and internal radiation exposure if contents are released.
· Type AF or IF packages, identified by package markings, do not contain life-threatening amounts of material. External radiation levels are low and packages are designed, evaluated and tested to control releases and to prevent a fission chain reaction under severe transport conditions.
· Type B(U)F, B(M)F and CF packages (identified by markings on packages or shipping papers) contain potentially life-endangering amounts. Because of design, evaluation and testing of packages, fission chain reactions are prevented and releases are not expected to be life-endangering for all accidents except those of utmost severity.
· The rarely occurring "Special Arrangement" shipments may be of Type AF, BF or CF packages. Package type will be marked on packages, and shipment details will be on shipping papers.
· The transport index (TI) shown on labels or a shipping paper might not indicate the radiation level at one meter from a single, isolated, undamaged package; instead, it might relate to controls needed during transport because of the fissile properties of the materials. Alternatively, the fissile nature of the contents is indicated by a criticality safety index (CSI) on a special FISSILE label or on the shipping paper.
· Some radioactive materials cannot be detected by commonly available instruments.
· Water from cargo fire control is not expected to cause pollution.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· These materials are seldom flammable. Packages are designed to withstand fires without damage to contents.
· Radioactivity does not change flammability or other properties of materials.
· Type AF, IF, B(U)F, B(M)F and CF packages are designed and evaluated to withstand total engulfment in flames at temperatures of 800°C (1475°F) for a period of 30 minutes.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Priorities for rescue, life-saving, first aid, fire control and other hazards are higher than the priority for measuring radiation levels.
· Radiation Authority must be notified of accident conditions. Radiation Authority is usually responsible for decisions about radiological consequences and closure of emergencies.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Detain or isolate uninjured persons or equipment suspected to be contaminated; delay decontamination and cleanup until instructions are received from Radiation Authority.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).
Fire
· When a large quantity of this material is involved in a major fire, consider an initial evacuation distance of 300 meters (1000 feet) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch damaged packages or spilled material.
· Damp surfaces on undamaged or slightly damaged packages are seldom an indication of packaging failure. Most packaging for liquid content have inner containers and/or inner absorbent materials.
Liquid Spill
· Package contents are seldom liquid. If any radioactive contamination resulting from a liquid release is present, it probably will be low-level.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 166 ☝

GUIDE 166

Radioactive Materials - Corrosive (Uranium Hexafluoride/Water-Reactive)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Radiation presents minimal risk to transport workers, emergency response personnel and the public during transportation accidents. Packaging durability increases as potential hazard of radioactive content increases.
· Low radiation hazard to people. Chemical hazard greatly exceeds radiation hazard.
· Substance reacts with water and water vapor in air to form toxic and corrosive hydrogen fluoride gas, hydrofluoric acid, and an extremely irritating and corrosive, white-colored, water-soluble residue.
· Toxic; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through skin.
· Direct contact with substance and gas may cause burns to skin, eyes, or respiratory tract.
· Runoff from control of cargo fire may cause low-level pollution.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Substance does not burn.
· The material may react violently with fuels.
· Product will decompose to produce toxic and/or corrosive fumes.
· Containers in protective overpacks (horizontal cylindrical shape with short legs for tie-downs), are identified with AF, B(U)F or H(U) on shipping papers or by markings on the overpacks. They are designed and evaluated to withstand severe conditions including total engulfment in flames at temperatures of 800°C (1475°F) for a period of 30 minutes.
· Bare filled cylinders, identified with UN2978 as part of the marking (may also be marked H(U) or H(M)), may rupture in heat of engulfing fire; bare empty (except for residue) cylinders will not rupture in fires.
· Radioactivity does not change flammability or other properties of materials.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Priorities for rescue, life-saving, first aid, fire control and other hazards are higher than the priority for measuring radiation levels.
· Radiation Authority must be notified of accident conditions. Radiation Authority is usually responsible for decisions about radiological consequences and closure of emergencies.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Detain or isolate uninjured persons or equipment suspected to be contaminated; delay decontamination and cleanup until instructions are received from Radiation Authority.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.
Spill
· See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
Fire
· When a large quantity of this material is involved in a major fire, consider an initial evacuation distance of 300 meters (1000 feet) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical or CO2.
Large Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, or withdraw from area and let fire burn.
· Only use water if the package is intact.
· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch damaged packages or spilled material.
· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
· Without fire or smoke, leak will be evident by visible and irritating vapors and residue forming at the point of release.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Residue buildup may self-seal small leaks.
· Dike far ahead of spill to collect runoff water.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 167 ☝

GD 167

Intentionally left blank
There are no materials that refer to this guide.

GUIDE 168 ☝

GUIDE 168

Carbon Monoxide (Refrigerated Liquid)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· TOXIC; Extremely Hazardous.
· Inhalation extremely dangerous; may be fatal.
· Contact with gas, liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
· Odorless, will not be detected by sense of smell.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.
CAUTION: Flame can be invisible. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)
· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Spill
· See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
Fire
· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: Flame can be invisible. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)
· DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 169 ☝

GUIDE 169

Aluminum (Molten)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Substance is transported in molten form at a temperature above 705°C (1300°F).
· Violent reaction with water; contact may cause an explosion or may produce a flammable gas.
· Will ignite combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, debris, etc.).
· Contact with nitrates or other oxidizers may cause an explosion.
· Contact with containers or other materials, including cold, wet or dirty tools, may cause an explosion.
· Contact with concrete will cause spalling and small pops.

HEALTH

· Contact causes severe burns to skin and eyes.
· Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Wear flame-retardant structural firefighters' protective clothing, including faceshield, helmet and gloves, as this will provide limited thermal protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· Do not use water, except in life-threatening situations and then only in a fine spray.
· Do not use halogenated extinguishing agents or foam.
· Move combustibles out of path of advancing pool if you can do so without risk.
· Extinguish fires started by molten material by using appropriate method for the burning material; keep water, halogenated extinguishing agents and foam away from the molten material.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Do not attempt to stop leak, due to danger of explosion.
· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
· Substance is very fluid, spreads quickly, and may splash. Do not try to stop it with shovels or other objects.
· Dike far ahead of spill; use dry sand to contain the flow of material.
· Where possible allow molten material to solidify naturally.
· Avoid contact even after material solidifies. Molten, heated and cold aluminum look alike; do not touch unless you know it is cold.
· Clean up under the supervision of an expert after material has solidified.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 170 ☝

GUIDE 170

Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· May react violently or explosively on contact with water.
· Some are transported in flammable liquids.
· May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames.
· Some of these materials will burn with intense heat.
· Dusts or fumes may form explosive mixtures in air.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

HEALTH

· Oxides from metallic fires are a severe health hazard.
· Inhalation or contact with substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM OR CO2.
· Dousing metallic fires with water will generate hydrogen gas, an extremely dangerous explosion hazard, particularly if fire is in a confined environment (i.e., building, cargo hold, etc.).
· Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride-based extinguishers, or class D extinguishers.
· Confining and smothering metal fires is preferable rather than applying water.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks
· If impossible to extinguish, protect surroundings and allow fire to burn itself out.

SPILL OR LEAK

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 171 ☝

GUIDE 171

Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some may burn but none ignite readily.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Some may be transported hot.
· For UN3508, Capacitor, asymmetric, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state.
· Polymeric beads, expandable (UN2211) may evolve flammable vapours.

HEALTH

· Inhalation of material may be harmful.
· Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
· Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs.
· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or asphyxiation.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: Fire involving Safety devices (UN3268) and Fire suppressant dispersing devices (UN3559) may have a delayed activation and a risk of hazardous projectiles. Extinguish the fire at a safe distance.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or regular foam.
· Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
Fire Involving Tanks
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent dust cloud.
· For Asbestos, avoid inhalation of dust. Cover spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Do not clean up or dispose of, except under supervision of a specialist.
Small Dry Spill
· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.
Small Spill
· Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.
Large Spill
· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 172 ☝

GUIDE 172

Gallium and Mercury

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· Inhalation of vapors or contact with substance will result in contamination and potential harmful effects.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may react upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
· Runoff may pollute waterways.

PUBLIC SAFETY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Large Spill
· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).
Fire
· When any large container is involved in a fire, consider initial evacuation for 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.
· Do not direct water at the heated metal.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Do not use steel or aluminum tools or equipment.
· Cover with earth, sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
· For mercury, use a mercury spill kit.
· Mercury spill areas may be subsequently treated with calcium sulphide/calcium sulfide or with sodium thiosulphate/sodium thiosulfate wash to neutralize any residual mercury.

FIRST AID

GUIDE 173 ☝

GUIDE 173

Adsorbed Gases - Toxic*

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

HEALTH

· TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
· Vapors may be irritating.
· Contact with gas may cause burns and injury.
· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some gases may burn or be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· May form explosive mixtures with air.
· Oxidizers may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.) but NOT readily due to low transportation pressures.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Some of these materials may react violently with water.
· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and flammable gas through pressure relief devices.
· Runoff may create fire hazard.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure
· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Spill
· See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
Fire
· If several small packages (inside a railcar or trailer) are involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.
* Some substances may also be flammable, corrosive and/or oxidizing

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
· For UN3515, UN3518, UN3520, use water only; no dry chemical, CO2 or Halon®.
Large Fire
· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
· Do not get water inside containers.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
Fire Involving Several Small Packages (inside a railcar or trailer)
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

SPILL OR LEAK

· Some gases may be flammable. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· For flammable gases, all equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· For oxidizing substances, keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

GUIDE 174 ☝

GUIDE 174

Adsorbed Gases - Flammable or Oxidizing

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION

· Some gases will be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Substance does not burn but will support combustion.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices.
· Containers may explode when exposed to prolonged direct flame impingement.

HEALTH

· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.
· Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations.
· Contact with gas may cause burns and injury.
· Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep unauthorized personnel away.
· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.
· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).
· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

· DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.
· Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.
Small Fire
· Dry chemical or CO2.
Large Fire
· Water spray or fog.
· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
Fire Involving Several Small Packages (inside a railcar or trailer)
· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices.
· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.
· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

· For flammable gases, ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· For oxidizing substances, keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
· Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas.
· Ventilate the area.
· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

FIRST AID

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.