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Phosphoric Acid

PubChem CID
1004
Structure
Phosphoric Acid_small.png
Phosphoric Acid_3D_Structure.png
Phosphoric Acid__Crystal_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • Phosphoric acid
  • 7664-38-2
  • ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID
  • o-Phosphoric acid
  • Wc-reiniger
Molecular Weight
97.995 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2004-09-16
  • Modify:
    2025-01-25
Description
Phosphoric acid appears as a clear colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid. The pure solid melts at 42.35 °C and has a density of 1.834 g / cm3. Liquid is usually an 85% aqueous solution. Shipped as both a solid and liquid. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used in making fertilizers and detergents and in food processing.
Phosphoric acid is a phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. It has a role as a solvent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a fertilizer and a NMR chemical shift reference compound. It is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenphosphate and a phosphate ion.
Phosphoric Acid is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing inorganic acid. Phosphoric acid is a sequestering agent which binds many divalent cations, including Fe++, Cu++, Ca++, and Mg++.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Phosphoric Acid.png

1.2 3D Conformer

1.3 Crystal Structures

1 of 5
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COD Number
Associated Article
Furberg, S.. The crystal structure of phosphoric acid. Acta Chemica Scandinavica (1-27,1973-42,1988) 1955;9:1557-1566.
Crystal Structure Depiction
Crystal Structure Depiction
Hermann-Mauguin space group symbol
P 1 21/c 1
Hall space group symbol
-P 2ybc
Space group number
14
a
5.78 Å
b
4.84 Å
c
11.65 Å
α
90 °
β
95.5 °
γ
90 °
Z
4
Z'
1

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

phosphoric acid
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

OP(=O)(O)O
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

H3O4P
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
H3PO4

H3O4P

H3PO4

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

7664-38-2
14265-44-2

2.3.2 Deprecated CAS

1021417-41-3, 1053657-23-0, 1196963-54-8, 1643589-98-3, 178560-73-1, 2055242-58-3, 28602-75-7, 959699-83-3
1021417-41-3, 1053657-23-0, 1196963-54-8, 178560-73-1, 28602-75-7, 959699-83-3

2.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

231-633-2

2.3.4 UNII

2.3.5 UN Number

2.3.6 ChEBI ID

2.3.7 ChEMBL ID

2.3.8 DrugBank ID

2.3.9 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.10 FEMA Number

2.3.11 HMDB ID

2.3.12 ICSC Number

2.3.13 KEGG ID

2.3.14 Metabolomics Workbench ID

2.3.15 NCI Thesaurus Code

2.3.16 Nikkaji Number

2.3.17 NSC Number

2.3.18 RTECS Number

2.3.19 RXCUI

2.3.20 Wikidata

2.3.21 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • Concise etchant
  • Condact
  • K-etchant
  • orthophosphoric acid
  • phosphoric acid
  • Uni-Etch

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
97.995 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
XLogP3-AA
Property Value
-2.1
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
3
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
4
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
97.97689557 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
97.97689557 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
77.8 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
5
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
49.8
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Phosphoric acid appears as a clear colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid. The pure solid melts at 42.35 °C and has a density of 1.834 g / cm3. Liquid is usually an 85% aqueous solution. Shipped as both a solid and liquid. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used in making fertilizers and detergents and in food processing.
Dry Powder, Liquid; Pellets or Large Crystals; Liquid; Dry Powder; Liquid, Other Solid; Other Solid; Dry Powder, Other Solid
Clear, colourless, viscous liquid
Thick, colorless, odorless, crystalline solid. [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution.]; [NIOSH]
Solid
HYGROSCOPIC COLOURLESS CRYSTALS.
CLEAR COLOURLESS ODOURLESS LIQUID.
Thick, colorless, odorless, crystalline solid.
Thick, colorless, odorless, crystalline solid. [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution.]

3.2.2 Color / Form

Unstable orthorhombic crystals or clear syrupy liquid
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266
Colorless, sparkling liquid or transparent, crystalline solid, depending on concentration and temperature. At 20 °C the 50% and 75% strengths are mobile liquids, the 85% is of syrupy consistency; the 100% acid is in the form of crystals.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 984
Colorless viscous liquid
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-80
Thick, colorless crystalline solid [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution]
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from, as of Jul 14, 2011: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/

3.2.3 Odor

Odorless
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 984

3.2.4 Taste

Acid taste
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266

3.2.5 Boiling Point

greater than 266 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
407 °C
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-80
3.4 (Air = 1 at the boiling point of phosphoric acid)
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 2
158.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
The Good Scents Company Information System
158 °C
415 °F

3.2.6 Melting Point

108 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
42.4 °C
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-80
Melting point: 75% -17.5 °C; 80% 4.6 °C; 85% 21 °C.
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.1 (1982)
Hygroscopic; Latent heat of fusion = 10.5 kJ/mol at the melting point; Heat capacity at constant pressure = 106.2 J/mole (25 °C).
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.4 (1982)
White, monoclinic crystalline solid; MP; melts at 42.35 °C; the hemihydrate has a melting point of 29.25 °C /Pure, 100% phosphoric acid/
Gard DR; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (1999-2011). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Phosphoric Acids and Phosphates. Online Posting Date: 15 Jul 2005
41.00 to 44.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
The Good Scents Company Information System
42 °C
21.1 °C
108 °F

3.2.7 Solubility

Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)
Soluble in water, alcohol; soluble in 8 volumes of 3:1 ether:alcohol mixture
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266
Soluble in ethanol
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-80
548 g/100 g water at 20 °C
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-80
1000 mg/mL
MERCK INDEX (1996)
Solubility in water: miscible
Solubility in water: very soluble
Miscible

3.2.8 Density

1.892 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1.8741 (100% solution); 1.6850 (85% solution); 1.334 (50% solution), all at 25 °C /Phosphoric acid solutions/
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266
Density at 25 °C: 75% 1.574; 80% 1.628; 85% 1.685
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.1 (1982)
/Bulk density =/ 15.6 lb/gal. /Phosphoric acid, liquid or solution/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 548
1.9 g/cm³
Density (at 25 °C): 1.7 g/cm³
1.87 (pure) 1.33 (50% solution)
(77 °F): 1.87 (pure) 1.33 (50% solution)

3.2.9 Vapor Density

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.4

3.2.10 Vapor Pressure

0.03 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)
0.02 [mmHg]
VP: Concentration in wt%, kPa (all at 20 °C): 0, 2.35; 5, 2.33; 10, 2.31; 20, 2.27; 30, 2.17; 50, 1.73; 75, 0.75; 85, 0.29; 100, 0.004
Gard DR; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (1999-2011). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Phosphoric Acids and Phosphates. Online Posting Date: 15 Jul 2005
0.0285 torr at 20 °C
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I, II, III. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1991., p. 1250
Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C:
Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.29
0.03 mmHg

3.2.11 LogP

-2.150
The Good Scents Company Information System
-0.77 (estimated)

3.2.12 Autoignition Temperature

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

3.2.13 Decomposition

Combustion by-products include oxides of phosphorus.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-118
Decomposition products: converted to pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7) when heated to 213 °C.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLV's and BEI's with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-4148 2010.
213 °C

3.2.14 Viscosity

3.86 mPa.s (40% solution at 20 °C).
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.4 (1982)
40 mm²/s at 20 °C

3.2.15 Corrosivity

Corrosive to ferrous metals and alloys
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 984

3.2.16 pH

pH = 1.5 (0.1 N aqueous solution)
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266

3.2.17 Polymerization

Violent polymerization with: Azo compounds; Epoxides; And polymerizable compounds.
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.70 (1981)

3.2.18 Refractive Index

Index of refraction: 1.34203 at 17.5 °C/D, 10% solution; 1.35032 at 17.5 °C/D, 20% solution; 1.35846 at 17.5 °C/D, 30% solution /Phosphoric acid solutions/
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266

3.2.19 Dissociation Constants

pK1: 2.15; pK2: 7.09; pK3: 12.32
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266

3.2.20 Other Experimental Properties

PH: 2.0-2.2 /DETERMINED IN 1% SOLN AND IN 10-50% SLURRIES OF INSOL COMPOUNDS/
Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1972., p. 620
IT FORMS 3 SERIES OF SALTS: PRIMARY PHOSPHATES; DIBASIC PHOSPHATES; AND TRIBASIC PHOSPHATES.
Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980., p. 1263
Easily supercooled into a glass; Heat of formation (crystalline): -306.2 Kcal/mol; Heat of solution: +2.79 Kcal/mol.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266
Acid containing about 88% orthophosphoric acid will frequently crystallize on prolonged cooling, forms hemihydrate; becomes anhydrous at 150 °C, gradually changes to pyrophosphoric acid at about 200 °C; above 300 °C, metaphosphoric acid; hot concentrated acid attacks porcelain and granite ware.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266
For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.3 Chemical Classes

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Acids, Inorganic

3.3.1 Drugs

3.3.1.1 Human Drugs
Human drug -> Active ingredient (PHOSPHORIC ACID)
3.3.1.2 Animal Drugs
Pharmaceuticals -> UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate List
S104 | UKVETMED | UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate's List | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7802119

3.3.2 Cosmetics

Cosmetics ingredient -> Buffering/pH Adjusting; Other (Specify)
Cosmetic ingredients (Phosphoric Acid) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)
Buffering; Surfactant
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

3.3.3 Endocrine Disruptors

Potential endocrine disrupting compound
S109 | PARCEDC | List of 7074 potential endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) by PARC T4.2 | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10944198

3.3.4 Food Additives

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, FUMIGANT, MALTING OR FERMENTING AID, NON-NUTRITIVE SWEETENER, PH CONTROL AGENT, SEQUESTRANT -> FDA Substance added to food

3.3.5 Pesticides

Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substances
Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

4 Spectral Information

4.1 1D NMR Spectra

4.1.1 17O NMR Spectra

Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 W. Robien, Inst. of Org. Chem., Univ. of Vienna. All Rights Reserved.
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4.1.2 31P NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 W. Robien, Inst. of Org. Chem., Univ. of Vienna. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 W. Robien, Inst. of Org. Chem., Univ. of Vienna. All Rights Reserved.
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4.2 Mass Spectrometry

4.2.1 GC-MS

1 of 7
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Spectra ID
Instrument Type
GC-MS
Top 5 Peaks

299.0 1

300.0 0.28

133.0 0.25

314.0 0.18

211.0 0.16

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Spectra ID
Instrument Type
EI-B
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

299.0 100

300.0 25.35

314.0 17.84

301.0 12.25

133.0 7.88

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Notes
instrument=GCMS-2010 Plus, Shimadzu

4.2.2 MS-MS

1 of 7
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Spectra ID
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QTOF
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

98.9838 95.53

80.9736 4.47

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Notes
adduct_type [M+H]+ original_collision_energy 10 CannabisDB spectra from MoNa 2020 June maXis plus UHR-ToF-MS, Bruker Daltonics MassBank
2 of 7
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Spectra ID
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QTOF
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

98.984 81.47

80.9731 13.87

62.9629 4.65

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Notes
adduct_type [M+H]+ original_collision_energy 20 CannabisDB spectra from MoNa 2020 June maXis plus UHR-ToF-MS, Bruker Daltonics MassBank

4.2.3 LC-MS

1 of 9
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Authors
BGC, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen
Instrument
maXis plus UHR-ToF-MS, Bruker Daltonics
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QTOF
MS Level
MS2
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Ionization
ESI
Collision Energy
10
Fragmentation Mode
CID
Column Name
BEH C18 1.7um, 2.1x100mm, Waters
Retention Time
0.658 min
Precursor m/z
98.9842
Precursor Adduct
[M+H]+
Top 5 Peaks

98.9838 999

80.9736 46

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License
CC BY
2 of 9
View All
Authors
BGC, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen
Instrument
maXis plus UHR-ToF-MS, Bruker Daltonics
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QTOF
MS Level
MS2
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Ionization
ESI
Collision Energy
20
Fragmentation Mode
CID
Column Name
BEH C18 1.7um, 2.1x100mm, Waters
Retention Time
0.658 min
Precursor m/z
98.9842
Precursor Adduct
[M+H]+
Top 5 Peaks

98.984 999

80.9731 170

62.9629 57

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License
CC BY

4.2.4 Other MS

Authors
Miyagawa H, Akimoto S, Yamasaki K, GL Sciences Inc.
Instrument
GCMS-2010 Plus, Shimadzu
Instrument Type
EI-B
MS Level
MS
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Column Name
InertCap 5MS/NP 0.25 mmI.D. x 30 m, df=0.25 um
Retention Time
452.7
Top 5 Peaks

299 999

300 253

314 178

301 122

133 79

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License
CC BY-SA

4.3 IR Spectra

4.3.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
NEAT
Source of Sample
Occidental Chemical Corporation, Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker Tensor 27 FT-IR
Technique
Neat
Source of Spectrum
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Source of Sample
TCI Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd.
Catalog Number
P1745
Lot Number
PSFDO-KO
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.3.2 ATR-IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker Tensor 27 FT-IR
Technique
ATR-Neat (DuraSamplIR II)
Source of Spectrum
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Source of Sample
TCI Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd.
Catalog Number
P1745
Lot Number
PSFDO-KO
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog Number
215104
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.4 Raman Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS 175C with Raman accessory
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Sample
Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland
Catalog Number
79622
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker MultiRAM Stand Alone FT-Raman Spectrometer
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Spectrum
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Source of Sample
TCI Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd.
Catalog Number
P1745
Lot Number
PSFDO-KO
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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6 Chemical Vendors

7 Drug and Medication Information

7.1 Drug Indication

Phosphoric acid is used in dentistry and orthodontics as an etching solution, to clean and roughen the surfaces of teeth where dental appliances or fillings will be placed.

7.2 FDA Approved Drugs

7.3 FDA Orange Book

7.4 FDA National Drug Code Directory

7.5 Drug Labels

Drug and label
Active ingredient and drug
Homeopathic product and label

7.6 Therapeutic Uses

Diluted phosphoric acid national formulary: it has ... been employed in lead poisoning and in other conditions in which it is desired to administer large amount of phosphate and at /the/ same time produce mild acidosis. It has been given in dose of 60 mL daily (5 mL/hr) under carefully controlled conditions.
Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980., p. 1263
Phosphoric acid is used ... to control the pH of the urinary tract in many animals, particularly in mink and cats, to prevent stone formation.
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. 17:108
Medication (Vet): Has been used to treat lead poisoning.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266

7.7 Drug Warnings

Acid cleaning: acids such as sulfuric ... phosphoric, sometimes with chromic or hydrofluoric, are used in water solutions and their splash hazard and corrosive action on skin, clothing, and machinery are well recognized. Bubbles of hydrogen rising from bath carry invisible acid mist. ...
Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963., p. 2280
Splash contact of concentrated strong acids, such as ... phosphoric/acid/, ... can prove as, severely and devastatingly injurious to the eye as splashes of strong alkalies.
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 46

7.8 Biomarker Information

8 Food Additives and Ingredients

8.1 Food Additive Classes

JECFA Functional Classes
Food Additives -> ACID; ANTIOXIDANT_SYNERGIST; SEQUESTRANT; SYNERGIST;

8.2 FDA Substances Added to Food

Used for (Technical Effect)
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, FUMIGANT, MALTING OR FERMENTING AID, NON-NUTRITIVE SWEETENER, PH CONTROL AGENT, SEQUESTRANT
FEMA Number
2900
GRAS Number
3

8.3 Evaluations of the Joint FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives - JECFA

Chemical Name
ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID
Evaluation Year
1982
Comments
Group MTDI for phosphorus from all sources, expressed as P
Tox Monograph

9 Agrochemical Information

9.1 Agrochemical Category

Fungicide
Pesticide active substances

9.2 EU Pesticides Data

Active Substance
phosphoric acid
Status
Not approved [Reg. (EC) No 1107/2009]
Legislation
2004/129/EC

10 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

10.1 Pharmacodynamics

Transport of phosphate from the gut lumen is an active, energy-dependent process that is modified by several factors. ... Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption, an effect reported to precede its action on calcium ion transport.

10.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Dental Materials
Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc. (See all compounds classified as Dental Materials.)

10.3 Bionecessity

Inorganic nutrient requirements for Candida utilis grown on ethanol: 2-4 g of phosphorus is the nutrient input per 100 g of cells produced. Orthophosphoric acid is the typical source.
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. 24:796

10.4 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption
Ortho phosphate is absorbed from, and to a limited extent secreted into, the gastrointestinal tract.
Route of Elimination
In adults, about two thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed, and that which is absorbed is almost entirely excreted into the urine.
Volume of Distribution
Absorbed phosphoric acid is distributed widely in the body as phosphate. Increased serum phosphate concentrations have been reported rarely after phosphoric acid ingestion
Clearance
Absorbed phosphate is filtered at the glomerulus and partially reabsorbed, with phosphate clearance 80 per cent of creatinine clearance.
The hygroscopic growth of phosphoric acid aerosol (diameter change > 0.5 micrometers) within the human tracheobronchial tree is modeled to investigate changes in deposition characteristics when compared to nonhygroscopic aerosols of identical preinspired size. Phosphoric acid particles are assumed to grow in a stepwise fashion to 99% relative humidity within conducting airways of the lung, having initially reached equilibrium at 90% relative humidity (T= 37 degrees) in the trachea. Deposition efficiencies for growth and no growth are calculated from theoretical equations for inertial impaction, sedimentation, and diffusion. The results show that neglecting the growth of an inhaled phosphoric acid aerosol may result in underestimation of the total deliverable dose by a factor of as much as 600-700%. Significant differences in regional deposition sites for hygroscopic or nonhygroscopic aerosols are predicted. Increased deposition efficiencies imply that measured physical properties (respirable fraction, aerodynamic diameter) of aerosols alone are not sufficient to assess deposition characteristics within the lung; hygroscopic growth must also be considered.
Martonen TB, Clark ML; Fundam Appl Toxicol 3 (1): 10-5 (1983)
/Ortho/ phosphate is absorbed from, and to a limited extent secreted into, the gastrointestinal tract. Transport of phosphate from the gut lumen is an active, energy-dependent process that is modified by several factors. ... Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption, an effect reported to precede its action on calcium ion transport. In adults, about two thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed, and that which is absorbed is almost entirely excreted into the urine. In growing children, phosphate balance is positive. Concentrations of phosphate in plasma are higher in children than in adults. This "hyperphosphatemia" decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and is hypothesized to explain the physiological "anemia" of childhood. /Phosphates/
Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B. Molinoff, R.W. Ruddon, A.G. Goodman (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996., p. 1524
The level of inorganic phosphate in the blood is stabilized by exchange with the mineral deposit in the skeleton through the action of parathyroid hormone. This hormone inhibits tubular reabsorption of phosphates by the kidney and brings about demineralization of bone tissue through the action of osteoclasts. The amount of parathyroid hormone that enters the circulation is probably regulated by the calcium level of the blood.
WHO/FAO; Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA): Phosphoric acid and phosphate salts (WHO Food Additives Series 17). Available from, as of July 28, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html

10.5 Biological Half-Life

In infants with normal renal function the serum half-life of phosphate following single oral or rectal overdose is 5-11 hours

10.6 Mechanism of Action

Phosphate supplementation of the diet of rodents has been shown to lead to reduction in the incidence of dental caries and different phosphates have different powers in reducing the cariogenic potential of the carbohydrates in a diet. Phosphate supplements seem to exert their cariostatic effect on the tooth surface either directly during eating or by excretion in the saliva.
WHO/FAO; Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA): Phosphoric acid and phosphate salts (WHO Food Additives Series 17). Available from, as of July 28, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html

10.7 Human Metabolite Information

10.7.1 Tissue Locations

  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Placenta
  • Prostate

10.7.2 Cellular Locations

  • Cytoplasm
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Extracellular
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Lysosome
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Peroxisome

10.7.3 Metabolite Pathways

10.8 Biochemical Reactions

10.9 Transformations

11 Use and Manufacturing

11.1 Uses

Cosmetic Ingredient Review Link
CIR ingredient: Phosphoric Acid
EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
. . . used in fertilizers, detergents, foods and beverages, water treatment, pickling and rust proofing metals, and for many other purposes. [ACGIH] Used in photography (platinum printing); [www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/medium.html] Used as a wet etchant in semiconductor manufacturing at a standard concentration of 85%; [CSH, p. 46]
ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.
CSH - Baldwin DG, Williams ME, Norman SD. Chemical Safety Handbook: For the Semiconductor, Electronics, and Photovoltaic Industries, 4th Ed. Beverly Farms, MA: OEM Press, 2015., p. 46
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure

Acid and Alkali Cleaning of Metals [Category: Clean]

Molding and Core Making [Category: Foundry]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]

Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]

Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Sewer and Wastewater Treatment [Category: Industry]

Photographic Processing [Category: Other]

Activities with risk of exposure
Lithography printing [Category: Hobbies]
For phosphoric acid (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 076001) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System's USEPA/OPP Chemical Ingredients Database on Phosphoric Acid (7664-38-2). Available from, as of July 19, 2011: https://npirspublic.ceris.purdue.edu/ppis/
Polymer gasoline catalyst; etchant (semiconductor manufacture); acidulant (soft drinks; prepared foods); aluminum brightening/anodizing agent; aluminum/steel/magnesium/zinc anticorrosion treatment reagent; microbial fermentation nutrient; refractories raw material.
Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994., p. 694
In the manufacture of superphosphates for fertilizers, other phosphate salts, polyphosphates, detergents. Acid catalyst in making ethylene, purifying hydrogen peroxide. As acidulant and flavor, synergistic antioxidant and sequestrant in food. Pharmaceutic aid (solvent). In dental cements; process engraving; rustproofing of metals before painting; coagulating rubber latex; as analytical reagent.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266
In gelatin manufacture; in lakes in cotton dyeing; soil stabilizer; waxes and polishes; binder for ceramics; activated carbon.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 984
For more Uses (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.1.1 Use Classification

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Oxidants and Oxidant Stabilizers
Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues
Food additives
Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients
Food Additives -> ACID; ANTIOXIDANT_SYNERGIST; SEQUESTRANT; SYNERGIST; -> JECFA Functional Classes
Hazard Classes and Categories -> Corrosives
Cosmetics -> Buffering; Surfactant
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

11.1.2 Industry Uses

  • Other
  • Pigments
  • Soil amendments (fertilizers)
  • Binder
  • Semiconductor and photovoltaic agent
  • Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
  • Finishing agents
  • Processing aids not otherwise specified
  • Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
  • Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
  • Catalyst
  • Surfactant (surface active agent)
  • Flavoring and nutrient
  • Lubricating agent
  • Brightener
  • Plating agents and surface treating agents
  • Processing aids, not otherwise listed
  • Surface active agents
  • Anti-adhesive agents
  • pH regulating agent
  • Cleaning agent
  • Etching agent
  • Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing)
  • Other (specify)
  • Surface modifier
  • Defoamer
  • Laboratory chemicals
  • Intermediates
  • Bleaching agents
  • Chelating agent
  • Dispersing agent
  • Anti-scaling agent
  • Intermediate
  • Functional fluids (closed systems)
  • Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
  • Solvent
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

11.1.3 Consumer Uses

  • Etching agent
  • Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing)
  • Other (specify)
  • Bleaching agents
  • Intermediates
  • Dispersing agent
  • Intermediate
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Pigments
  • Other
  • Soil amendments (fertilizers)
  • Finishing agents
  • Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
  • Surfactant (surface active agent)
  • Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
  • Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
  • Chemical reaction regulator
  • Processing aids, not otherwise listed
  • Flavoring and nutrient
  • Plating agents and surface treating agents
  • Cleaning agent
  • pH regulating agent

11.1.4 Household Products

California Safe Cosmetics Program (CSCP)

Cosmetics product ingredient: Phosphoric acid

Product count: 3

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products

Information on 334 consumer products that contain Phosphoric acid in the following categories is provided:

• Auto Products

• Commercial / Institutional

• Hobby/Craft

• Home Maintenance

• Inside the Home

• Landscaping/Yard

• Personal Care

• Pesticides

• Pet Care

11.2 Methods of Manufacturing

Phosphorus is converted to phosphorus pentoxide P2O5 by exposing it to a current of warm air, then the P2O5 is treated with water to form phosphoric acid. The conversion of the phosphorus to the pentoxide takes place while the phosphorus, distilling from the phosphorus manufacturing operation, is in the vapor phase.
Troy, D.B. (Ed); Remmington The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 21 st Edition. Lippincott Williams & Williams, Philadelphia, PA 2005, p. 1088
Wet-process acid is manufactured by the digestion of phosphate rock (calcium phosphate) with sulfuric acid. Other acids such as hydrochloric acid may be used, but the sulfuric acid-based processes are by far the most prevalent. Phosphoric acid is separated from the resultant calcium sulfate slurry by filtration.
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present., p. V18: 678 (1996)
Wet phosphoric acid produced by wet digestion contains variable amounts of inorganic impurities, depending on the origin of the phosphate rock. Depending on the further application, these impurities must be partially or completely removed from crude phosphoric acid. Precipitation and extraction processes are used.
Schrodter K et al; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (2010). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates. Online Posting Date: January 15, 2008
Thermal (furnace) process: White (yellow) phosphorus is burned in excess air and the resulting phosphorus pentoxide is hydrated, heats of combustion and hydration are removed, and the phosphoric acid mist collected.
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present., p. V18: 678 (1996)

11.3 Impurities

THE FOLLOWING CHEMICALS APPEAR AS IMPURITIES IN WET-PROCESS ACID-MERCHANT GRADE, PURIFIED WET-PROCESS ACID TECHNICAL GRADE, AND THERMAL ACID-TECHNICAL GRADE, RESPECTIVELY: CALCIUM MONOXIDE-0.06%, 0.005%, 0.01%; FLUORIDE-0.8%, 0.08%, <0.0001%; ALUMINUM OXIDE-1.7%, 0.01%, 0.0003%; IRON OXIDE-1.23%, 0.007%, 0.004%; MAGNESIUM OXIDE-0.58%, 0.003%, 0.0002%; POTASSIUM OXIDE-0.01%, 0%, 0.0007%; SODIUM OXIDE-0.12%, 0.0025%; SILICON DIOXIDE-0.07%, 0.1%, 0.0015%; AND SULFATE-2.2%, 0.2%, >0.002%
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. V17: 435 (1982)

11.4 Formulations / Preparations

Agricultural, technical (50, 75, 85, 90, 100%), food (50, 75, 85%), NF (85-88%), FCC (75-85%). (Polyphosphoric acid is sometimes called 115% phosphoric acid.)
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 984
WET-PROCESS ACID, MERCHANT GRADE, HAS MIN ASSAY OF 53.1%; PURIFIED WET-PROCESS ACID, TECH GRADE, HAS MIN ASSAY OF 54%; THERMAL ACID, TECH GRADE, HAS MIN ASSAY OF 54.32%
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. V17: 435 (1982)
Reagent grade concentrated phosphoric acid is 85-87% (wt/wt) phosphoric acid (equivalent to about 17 M).
Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. II-101
Formulation: liquid
Mester, R.T.,Sine, C. (eds.) Crop Protection Handbook Volume 97. Meisterpro. Willoughby,OH. 2011, p. 563
For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (45 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.5 Consumption Patterns

75% IN MANUFACTURE OF FERTILIZERS; 8% FOR MANUFACTURE OF AGRICULTURAL FEEDS; 11% FOR BUILDERS AND WATER TREATMENT (USED IN DETERGENTS, PRE-SOAKS AND CLEANSERS); 2.5% IN PRODUCTION OF FOODS, BEVERAGES, PET FOODS, AND DENTIFRICES; 1% IN DIRECT ACID TREATMENT OF METAL SURFACES; 2.5% FOR MANUFACTURE OF FIRE CONTROL AGENTS, ANTIFREEZE, CATALYSTS, DRILLING MUDS, AND PHOSPHORS, AND FOR REFRACTORIES, TEXTILES AND OTHER MISC USES (1973)
SRI
END USE PATTERN-DERIVATIVE: FERTILIZERS, 89%; ANIMAL FEEDS, 4%; DETERGENTS & WATER TREATMENT, 3%; FOOD & BEVERAGES, 2%; METAL TREATMENTS, 1%; MISC, 1% (1983)
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SYNOPSIS: PHOSPHORIC ACID, 1983
Phosphoric acid. Diammonium phosphate, 20%; merchant shipments (for feed, industrial and blending applications), 10%; superphosphoric acid (SPA), 7%; monoammonium phosphate (MAP), 5.5%; triple-superphosphate (TSP), 4%; dry fertilizer exports, 41% (including 75% diammonium phosphate, 20% TSP, 5% MAP); SPA exports, 7.5%; phosphoric acid exports, 4%; miscellaneous, 1%.
Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter 230 (10): 54 (1986)
Phosphoric acid. Diammonium phosphate 49%; superphosphoric acid, 15%; monoammonium phosphate, 10%; triple superphosphate, 8%; merchant shipments (including industrial and blending applications), 6%; phosphoric acid export, 5%; animal feed, 4%; miscellaneous, 3%.
Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter 236 (9): 50 (1989)
Builders and water treatment, 15%; foods, 13%; metals, 17%; others, 55%. /Industrial-grade phosphoric acid/
SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International 1997., p. 808

11.6 U.S. Production

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: 10,000,000,000 - <20,000,000,000 lb

2018: 20,000,000,000 - <30,000,000,000 lb

2017: 20,000,000,000 - <30,000,000,000 lb

2016: 10,000,000,000 - <20,000,000,000 lb

(1972) 5.99X10+12 GRAMS
SRI
(1975) 6.97X10+12 GRAMS
SRI
(1984) 1.03X10+13 g
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS: INORGANIC CHEMICALS 1984 p.13
Production by wet process was 10.947 tons and by the furnace process 0.611 million short tons in 1989.
Farm Chemicals Handbook 1991. Willoughby, OH: Meister, 1991., p. B-46
For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.7 U.S. Imports

(1972) 5.44X10+10 GRAMS
SRI
(1974) 3.63X10+10 GRAMS
SRI

11.8 U.S. Exports

(1972) 2.0X10+10 GRAMS
SRI
(1974) 8.63X10+10 GRAMS
SRI
(1984) 1.35X10+10 G/OTHER THAN FERTILIZER GRADE/
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. U.S. EXPORTS, SCHEDULE E, 1984 p.2-89

11.9 General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
  • Miscellaneous Manufacturing
  • Wholesale and Retail Trade
  • Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
  • Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Coating Materials Manufacturing
  • Petroleum Refineries
  • Adhesive Manufacturing
  • Other (requires additional information)
  • Paint and Coating Manufacturing
  • All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
  • Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
  • All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
  • Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
  • All other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing
  • Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing
  • Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing
  • Utilities
  • Paper Manufacturing
  • Wood Product Manufacturing
  • Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
  • Printing Ink Manufacturing
  • Rubber Product Manufacturing
  • Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
  • Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)
  • Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
  • All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
  • Construction
  • Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
  • Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing
  • Printing and Related Support Activities
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Phosphoric acid: ACTIVE
Phosphoric acid is the most economical acidulant for carbonated beverages available.
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present., p. V5: 24 (1993)
Reagent grade concentrated phosphoric acid is 85-87% (wt/wt) phosphoric acid (equivalent to about 17 M). It appears to be as corrosive as sulfuric and hydrochloric acids.
Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. II-101
Wet-process phosphoric acid (53-54% P2O5), commonly referred to as merchant grade, is the type most widely used as an intermediate in the production of phosphate fertilizers.
Farm Chemicals Handbook 1998. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1998., p. B34
Second largest volume mineral acid produced, after sulfuric acid.
Gard DR; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (1999-2011). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Phosphoric Acids and Phosphates. Online Posting Date: 15 Jul 2005
For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.10 Sampling Procedures

Determination in air: Collection on a cellulose membrane filter for colorimetric determination.
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic And Hazardous Chemicals. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corporation, 1981., p. 543
NIOSH Method 7903. Analyte: Orthophosphoric acid. Matrix: Air. Sampler: Solid sorbent tube (washed silica gel, 400 mg/200 mg with glass fiber filter plug). Flow Rate: 0.2 to 0.5 L/min: Sample Size: 50 liters. Shipment: Routine. Sample Stability: Stable.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd ed. Volumes 1 and 2 with 1985 supplement, and revisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1984., p. 7903-1
NIOSH Method S333. Analyte: Phosphoric acid. Matrix: Air. Procedure: Filter collection, water leach, complex formation. Flow Rate: 1.5 L/min. Sample Size: 90 liters.
U.S. Department of Health, Education Welfare, Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 2nd ed. Volumes 1-7. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977-present., p. S333-1
NIOSH Method 216. Analyte: Phosphoric acid. Matrix: Air. Procedure: Collection on a membrane filter. Flow Rate: 1.5 L/min. Sample Size: 50 liter.
U.S. Department of Health, Education Welfare, Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 2nd ed. Volumes 1-7. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977-present., p. 216-1
NIOSH Method 7300. Analyte: Phosphorus. Matrix: Air. Sampler: Filter (0.8 um, cellulose ester membrane). Flow Rate: 1 to 4 L/min. Sample Size: 500 liters. Shipment: Routine. Sample Stability: Stable. /Phosphorus/
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd ed. Volumes 1 and 2 with 1985 supplement, and revisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1984., p. 7300-1

12 Identification

12.1 Analytic Laboratory Methods

Method: NIOSH 7903, Issue 2; Procedure: ion chromatography; Analyte: phosphoric acid; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 2 ug/sample.
CDC; NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed. Phosphoric Acid (7664-38-2). Available from, as of July 25, 2011: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/
Method: OSHA ID-165SG; Procedure: ion chromatography (silica gel); Analyte: phosphoric acid; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.25 ug/sample.
U.S. Department of Labor/Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Index of Sampling and Analytical Methods. Phosphoric Acid (7664-38-2). Available from, as of July 25, 2011: https://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.html
Method: OSHA ID-111; Procedure: ion chromatography (mixed cellulose ester membrane filter); Analyte: phosphoric acid; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.5 ug/mL.
U.S. Department of Labor/Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Index of Sampling and Analytical Methods. Phosphoric Acid (7664-38-2). Available from, as of July 25, 2011: https://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.html
Colorimetric methods may be used to detect 1-20 mg/L in water.
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.83 (1981)
For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.2 Clinical Laboratory Methods

NIOSH Method 215. Analyte: Inorganic phosphate. Specimen: Urine. Procedure: Spectrophotometry. For inorganic phosphate this method has an estimated detection limit of 0.06 mg/ml/sample. the presision/RSD is 0.07 and the recovery is not given. The working range is 0.6 to 6 mg/mL for a 25 uL sample. Interferences: Arsenate and silicate will interfere at higher concentrations. Barium, lead, mercury, and silver can interfere by forming a precipitate. /Inorganic phosphate/
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd ed. Volumes 1 and 2 with 1985 supplement, and revisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1984., p. 215-1

12.3 NIOSH Analytical Methods

13 Safety and Hazards

13.1 Hazards Identification

13.1.1 GHS Classification

1 of 5
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Note
Pictograms displayed are for > 99.9% (4242 of 4246) of reports that indicate hazard statements. This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (4 of 4246) of reports.
Pictogram(s)
Corrosive
Irritant
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H290 (17.5%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H302 (13.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (99.9%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (16.5%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P234, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P390, P405, P406, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 4246 reports by companies from 78 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 4 of 4246 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 77 notifications provided by 4242 of 4246 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

13.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Met. Corr. 1 (17.5%)

Acute Tox. 4 (13.8%)

Skin Corr. 1B (99.9%)

Eye Dam. 1 (16.5%)

Skin corrosion - category 1B

Acute toxicity - category 4

13.1.3 NFPA Hazard Classification

1 of 2
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NFPA 704 Diamond
3-0-0
NFPA Health Rating
3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.
NFPA Fire Rating
0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.
NFPA Instability Rating
0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

13.1.4 EPA Safer Chemical

Chemical: Phosphoric acid

Yellow triangle Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues. Specifically, a chemical with this code is not associated with a low level of hazard concern for all human health and environmental endpoints. (See Safer Choice Criteria). While it is a best-in-class chemical and among the safest available for a particular function, the function fulfilled by the chemical should be considered an area for safer chemistry innovation.

13.1.5 Health Hazards

Burns on mouth and lips, sour acrid taste, severe gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, difficult swallowing, severe abdominal pains, thirst, acidemia, difficult breathing, convulsions, collapse, shock, death. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.

· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.

· Avoid any skin contact.

· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

13.1.6 Fire Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2024)

ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution)

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

· Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).

· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.

· Containers may explode when heated.

· For electric vehicles or equipment, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with incompatible substances. See Chemical Dangers.

13.1.7 Hazards Summary

Liquid or solid form causes second degree burns after contact for a few minutes; [CHRIS] Usually shipped as a solid or 85% solution. [CAMEO] Phosphoric acid > 70% is corrosive to skin. [Quick CPC] Phosphoric acid is an eye, skin, and upper respiratory tract irritant. [ACGIH] The risk of pulmonary edema is very small. [Desai H. Phosphorus and Phosphorus Compounds. In: Sullivan JB, Krieger GR (eds). Hazardous Materials Toxicology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1992; p. 938.] Corrosive to the skin, eye, and respiratory tract; [ICSC] If phosphoric acid is used as a catalyst, phosphine can be formed in the strongly reducing atmosphere of the hot emissions. In air, phosphine rapidly oxidizes to phosphorus oxide. [IARC 2012: Iron and steel founding]
Quick CPC - Forsberg K, Mansdorf SZ. Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing, 5th Ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2007.
ACGIH - Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs, 7th Ed. Cincinnati: ACGIH Worldwide, 2020.

13.1.8 Fire Potential

Not combustible.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-118

13.1.9 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Causes severe eye and skin irritation.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-118
Phosphoric acid mist is an irritant to the eyes, upper respiratory tract, and skin. The solid is especially irritating to the skin in the presence of moisture ... A dilute solution buffered to pH 2.5 caused a moderate, brief stinging sensation but no injury when dropped in the human eye. A 75% solution will cause severe skin burns.
Zenz, C., O.B. Dickerson, E.P. Horvath. Occupational Medicine. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO., 1994, p. 690

13.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

13.2.1 Flammable Limits

Flammability
Noncombustible Solid

13.2.2 OSHA Standards

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m.
29 CFR 1910.1000 (USDOL); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov
Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 1 mg/cu m; STEL 3 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p. 370

13.2.3 NIOSH Recommendations

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted avg: 1 mg/cu m.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 3 mg/cu m.
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)

13.3 First Aid Measures

Inhalation First Aid
Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.
Skin First Aid
Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention .
Eye First Aid
Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.
Ingestion First Aid
Rinse mouth. Give nothing to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.
Skin First Aid
Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

13.3.1 First Aid

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Phosphoric acid:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingestedor inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuouscompressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(See general first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

13.4 Fire Fighting

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact of the substance with water.

13.4.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-118
If material /is/ involved in /a/ fire, extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 715
If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire, extinguish fire using agent suitible for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray or fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Phosphoric acid, corrosive liquids N.O.S./
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 716

13.4.2 Firefighting Hazards

Flammable /hydrogen/ gas is formed on contact with metals.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

13.5 Accidental Release Measures

Public Safety: ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

Spill or Leak: ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution)

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

13.5.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuation: ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Spill

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

Fire

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

13.5.2 Spillage Disposal

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

13.5.3 Cleanup Methods

Ventilate area of spill or leak. If in the solid form, collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. If in the liquid form, collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.
Cellosized absorbent material may be used for vapor suppression and containment of spills.
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.75 (1981)
Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 716
Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (slaked lime), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate. Adjust pH to neutral (pH-7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 716
Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime, crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 716

13.5.4 Disposal Methods

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
Technology appropriate for incineration: Rotary kiln.
USEPA; Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration p.2-57 (1981) EPA 68-03-3025
Technology appropriate for incineration: Venturi scrubber.
USEPA; Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration p.2-58 (1981) EPA 68-03-3025
Neutralization & landfill: Neutralize with soda ash or soda ash-slaked lime mixture (1:1) and bury in an approved landfill.
United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File). Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental Programme, Dec. 1985., p. 234

13.5.5 Preventive Measures

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
Ventilation control: acid cleaning: nature and extent of ventilation control required depends on rate of acid mist escape; where exposure ... mild ... addition of inhibitor may make process or slot ventilation unnecessary. Inhibitors should never be added to automatically timed conveyorized job without adjustment ... .
Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963., p. 2280
Phosphoric acid solution in water is used alone or with a mixture of alcohols and ethers, including butyl cellosolve, to remove light rust on steel ... If mists, fogs, or elevated temperatures are involved, ventilation control is necessary.
Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963., p. 2281
In presence of impurities in metals, nascent hydrogen may be generated which could lead to formation of phosphine gas. It is necessary to avoid inhalation of vapors coming from phosphoric acid metal cleaning tanks. Slotted local exhaust ventilation and upper edges of ... tanks ... recommended.
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 1683
For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.6 Handling and Storage

13.6.1 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

13.6.2 Safe Storage

Dry. Well closed. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Store only in original container. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

13.6.3 Storage Conditions

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from alkalies and most metals.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-118
The hot concentrated acid attacks porcelain and granite ware. Phosphoric acid may be stored in suitable stainless steel containers.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1266

13.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

Protective Clothing: ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAK)
2.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

13.7.2 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

1.0 [mg/m3]
PEL-TWA (8-Hour Time Weighted Average)
1 mg/m³
TWA 1 mg/m3 See Appendix G

13.7.3 Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)

1000 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

1000.0 [mg/m3]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: According to MCA [1958], phosphoric acid does not cause any systemic effect, and the chance of pulmonary edema from mist or spray inhalation is very remote. The rat oral LD50 of 1,530 mg/kg [Biofax 1970] cited by NIOSH provides a calculated IDLH of about 10,000 mg/m3. . . . Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for phosphoric acid is 1,000 mg/m3 based on acute oral toxicity data in animals [Biofax 1970]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data for workers.

1000 mg/cu m
NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)
1000 mg/m³

1000 mg/m3

See: 7664382

13.7.4 Threshold Limit Values (TLV)

1.0 [mg/m3]
TLV-STEL
3.0 [mg/m3]
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 mg/cu m; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 3 mg/cu m.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; 2011 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices . Cincinnati, OH 2011, p. 49
1 mg/m
TLV-TWA (Time Weighted Average)
1 mg/m³ [1992]
TLV-STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit)
3 mg/m³ [1992]

13.7.5 Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)

EU-OEL
1 mg/m

13.7.6 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines

Emergency Response: ERG 2024, Guide 154 (Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

ERPG-1: 3 mg/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 30 mg/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 150 mg/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

13.7.7 Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines

Australia: 1 mg/cu m, STEL 3 mg/cu m (1990); Sweden: 1 mg/cu m (mist), short-term value 3 mg/cu m, 15 min (1990); United Kingdom: 1 mg/cu m, 10 min STEL 3 mg/cu m (1991)
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I, II, III. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1991., p. 1250

13.7.8 Inhalation Risk

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

13.7.9 Effects of Short Term Exposure

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause asthma-like reactions (RADS). Exposure could cause asphyxiation due to swelling in the throat. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on the eyes and the upper respiratory tract have become manifest. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause pneumonitis.

13.7.10 Effects of Long Term Exposure

The substance may have effects on the upper respiratory tract and lungs. This may result in chronic inflammation and reduced lung function . Mists of this strong inorganic acid are carcinogenic to humans.

13.7.11 Acceptable Daily Intakes

FAO/WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE ON FOOD ADDITIVES...RECOMMENDED.../LEVELS/ FOR TOTAL DIETARY PHOSPHORUS...UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE LEVEL /OF LESS THAN 30 MG/KG BODY WT/ IS CONSIDERED SAFE IN ANY TYPE OF DIET...CONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE LEVEL /OF 30-70 MG/KG BODY WT/ IS ACCEPTABLE ONLY WHEN DIETARY CALCIUM LEVEL IS HIGH /PHOSPHATES/
Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1972., p. 641

13.7.12 Allowable Tolerances

Residues of phosphoric acid are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: buffer. Limit: none.
40 CFR 180.910 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov
Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (b) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Dairy processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid is included on this list.
40 CFR 180.940(b) (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov
Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid is included on this list.
40 CFR 180.940(c) (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov

13.7.13 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Phosphoric acid:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide:

• EYEWASH (>1.6%) - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. (>1.6%)

• QUICK DRENCH (>1.6%) - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (>1.6%) (NIOSH, 2024)

Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. If contact with the material /is/ anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 715
Goggles or face shield
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
Wear rubber gloves, and overalls prepared with a total seal.
ITII. Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual. Tokyo, Japan: The International Technical Information Institute, 1988., p. 414
Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-118
For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(See personal protection and sanitation codes)

Skin: Prevent skin contact - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: Prevent eye contact - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: When contaminated

Remove: When wet or contaminated

Change: Daily - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide: Eyewash (>1.6%), Quick drench (>1.6%)

13.7.14 Respirator Recommendations

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 25 mg/m3 :

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode*

Up to 50 mg/m3 :

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.

(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece

(APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece

Up to 1000 mg/m3 :

(APF = 2000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions:

(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus

Escape:

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.

Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus

Important additional information about respirator selection

13.7.15 Preventions

Fire Prevention
NO contact with incompatible materials: See Chemical Dangers
Exposure Prevention
AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!
Inhalation Prevention
Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.
Skin Prevention
Protective gloves. Protective clothing.
Eye Prevention
Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
Ingestion Prevention
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
Inhalation Prevention
Use ventilation, local exhaust and breathing protection.

13.8 Stability and Reactivity

13.8.1 Air and Water Reactions

Soluble in water with small release of heat.

13.8.2 Reactive Group

Acids, Weak

13.8.3 Reactivity Profile

PHOSPHORIC ACID reacts exothermically with bases. May react with active metals, including such structural metals as aluminum and iron, to release hydrogen, a flammable gas. Can initiate the polymerization of certain classes of organic compounds. Reacts with cyanide compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases in contact with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and strong reducing agents. Forms explosive mixture with nitromethane. Reacts violently with sodium tetrahydroborate. In the presence of chlorides can corrode stainless steel to form explosive hydrogen gas. Emits toxic and irritating fumes of oxides of phosphorus when heated to decomposition [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1029].

13.8.4 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Reacts with metals to liberate flammable hydrogen gas.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
With sodium tetrahydroborate: Interaction of sodium and other tetrahydroborates with anhydrous acids (phosphoric acid) to generate diborane is very exothermic, and may be dangerously violent with rapid mixing.
Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 64
Heat generated with: Alcohols and glycols; Aldehydes; Amides; Amines; Azo-compounds; Carbamates; Caustics; Esters; Ketones; Phenols and cresols; Organophosphates; Epoxides; Combustible materials; Explosives; Unsaturated halides; And organic peroxides.
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.70 (1981)
Formation of flammable gases with: Aldehydes; Cyanides; Mercaptans; and sulfides. Formation of toxic fumes with: Cyanides; Fluorides; Halogenated organics; Sulfides; And organic peroxides.
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.70 (1981)
For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.9 Transport Information

13.9.1 DOT Emergency Guidelines

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008254-5
/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008254-5
/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008254-5
/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2008254-5
For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.9.2 DOT ID and Guide

13.9.3 Shipping Name / Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO

IMO 8.0; Phosphoric acid
UN 1805; Phosphoric acid

13.9.4 Standard Transportation Number

49 302 48; Phosphoric acid

13.9.5 Shipment Methods and Regulations

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/96)
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 38th ed. Montreal, Canada and Geneva, Switzerland: International Air Transport Association, Dangerous Goods Board, January, 1997., p. 198
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.
IMDG; International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; International Maritime Organization p.8194 (1988)

13.9.6 DOT Label

Corrosive

13.9.7 Packaging and Labelling

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

13.9.8 EC Classification

Symbol: C; R: 34; S: (1/2)-26-45; Note: B

13.9.9 UN Classification

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: III

13.10 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Phosphoric acid
California Safe Cosmetics Program (CSCP) Reportable Ingredient

Hazard Traits - Respiratory Toxicity

Authoritative List - OEHHA RELs

Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredient

Status Regulation (EC)
2004/129/EC
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Phosphoric acid: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

13.10.1 Clean Water Act Requirements

Phosphoric acid is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.
40 CFR 116.4 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov

13.10.2 CERCLA Reportable Quantities

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
40 CFR 302.4 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov

13.10.3 FIFRA Requirements

Residues of phosphoric acid are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: buffer. Limit: none.
40 CFR 180.910 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov
Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (b) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Dairy processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid is included on this list.
40 CFR 180.940(b) (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov
Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid is included on this list.
40 CFR 180.940(c) (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov
Based on reviews of the generic data for the active ingredients mineral acids, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of mineral acids /including phosphoric acid/ and on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish and wildlife and the environment. Therefore, the Agency concludes that products, labeled and used as specified in the Reregistration Eligibility Decision, containing mineral acids for all uses except for the use of sulfuric acid on potato vines, are eligible for reregistration.
USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Mineral Acids p.22 (December 1993). Available from, as of July 19, 2011: https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm
As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Phosphoric acid is found on List D. Case No: 4064; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 2/94; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document .; Active ingredient (AI): phosphoric acid; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for the case/AI.
United States Environmental Protection Agency/ Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review. (1998) EPA 738-R-98-002, p. 325

13.10.4 FDA Requirements

Phosphoric acid used as a multiple purpose GRAS food substance in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.
21 CFR 182.1073 (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov
Phosphoric acid used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.
21 CFR 582.1073 (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of July 18, 2011: https://www.ecfr.gov

13.11 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - Phosphoric acid: Environment tier I assessment

IMAP assessments - Phosphoric acid: Human health tier II assessment

13.11.1 Toxic Combustion Products

... Combustion by-products include oxides of phosphorus.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-118

13.11.2 Other Hazardous Reactions

Evolves hydrogen on contact with most metals.
National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-118

13.11.3 History and Incidents

In a train derailment near an urban area, one of the five derailed tank cars was ruptured and spilled approximately 114,000 liters of phosphoric acid. Response personnel arrived at the spill site and contained the spilled product. The collected acid was then removed to a local landfill site, where it was dumped in a pit lined with lime. More lime was added until the mixture solidified. The mixture was subsequently spread over a nearby field as fertilizer.
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.80 (1981)

13.11.4 Special Reports

Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) (1982)
WHO; Diseases Caused by Phosphorus and Its Toxic Compounds; Early Detection of Occupational Diseases pg 53-62 (1986). Review of diseases and health related effects resulting from exposure to phosphorus or phosphorus cmpd.
USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Mineral Acids (December 1993). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of July 19, 2011: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

14 Toxicity

14.1 Toxicological Information

14.1.1 EPA IRIS Information

Toxicity Summary
EPA IRIS Summary PDF (Update: Aug-01-1995 )
Critical Effect Systems
Respiratory
Reference Concentration (RfC), chronic
1 x 10 ^-2 mg/m^3

14.1.2 EPA Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values

Chemical Substance
Reference Dose (RfD), Chronic
4.86 x 10^1 mg/kg-day
Reference Dose (RfD), Subchronic
4.86 x 10^1 mg/kg-day
PPRTV Assessment
Weight-Of-Evidence (WOE)
Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential
Last Revision
2011

14.1.3 RAIS Toxicity Values

Inhalation Chronic Reference Concentration (RfC) (mg/m^3)
0.01
Inhalation Chronic Reference Concentration Reference
IRIS Current
Oral Chronic Reference Dose (RfDoc) (mg/kg-day)
1
Oral Chronic Reference Dose Reference
PPRTV Current
Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose (RfDos) (mg/kg-day)
4
Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose Reference
PPRTV Current

14.1.4 NIOSH Toxicity Data

14.1.5 Carcinogen Classification

Carcinogen Classification
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

14.1.6 Exposure Routes

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.
inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

14.1.7 Symptoms

Inhalation Exposure
Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing.
Skin Exposure
Redness. Pain. Blisters. Serious skin burns.
Eye Exposure
Redness. Pain. Severe burns.
Ingestion Exposure
Burns in mouth and throat. Burning sensation behind the breastbone. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.
irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; eye, skin, burns; dermatitis

14.1.8 Target Organs

Respiratory
Eyes, skin, respiratory system

14.1.9 Adverse Effects

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

14.1.10 Acute Effects

14.1.11 Toxicity Data

LC50 (rat) > 850 mg/m3/1H

14.1.12 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Irrigate eyes with water; wash contaminated part of body with soap and water; gastric lavage (stomach wash) taking care not to perforate the gastrointestinal tract, if swallowed.
ITII. Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual. Tokyo, Japan: The International Technical Information Institute, 1988., p. 414
Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 172
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 173
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 173

14.1.13 Medical Surveillance

Initial medical examination: Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions (chronic respiratory disease, skin disease) which might place the employee at increased risk from phosphoric acid exposure. Periodic medical examination: Any employee developing impaired pulmonary function or dermatitis should be referred for further medical examination.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 1

14.1.14 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Studies on 15 students, who drank 2000-4000 mg of phosphoric acid in fruit juices every day for 10 days, and on 2 males who received 3900 mg of phosphoric acid every day for 14 days, revealed no observable change in urine composition indicative of a disturbed metabolism.
WHO/FAO: Expert Committee on food additives. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 38a for Phosphoric acid (7664-38-2) (1964). Available from, as of June 21, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... 15 non-smoking adults aged 18-36 yr exposed to phosphoric acid aerosols. No airways irritation was reported at a concentration of 1.6 mg/cu m. 18% of subjects reported airways irritation at 7.2 mg/cu m and 82% at 11.0 mg/cu m.
National Poisons Information Service; United Kingdom Poison Information Documents (UKPID): Phosphoric Acid (7664-38-2) (January 28, 1998); Available from: as of August 2, 2011 https://www.inchem.org/pages/ukpids.html
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a study in which the daily basal diet of 4 men contained 450 mg calcium and 1400 mg phosphorus, supplementation with 750 mg phosphorus as phosphoric acid for 1 week resulted in a slight decrease in urinary excretion of calcium. When the treatment was continued for 12 weeks, there was a further decrease in urinary calcium excretion.
WHO/FAO; Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA): Phosphoric acid and phosphate salts (WHO Food Additives Series 17). Available from, as of July 28, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid) topically may irritate and injure the eyes, owing to its acidity, but systemically phosphate has no poisonous action on the eye. Tested on human eyes, 0.16 M orthophosphoric acid buffered to pH 2.5 caused moderate brief stinging sensation but no injury when applied as a single drop. A drop of the same solution adjusted to pH 3.4 caused no discomfort.
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 733
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

14.1.15 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Application of 0.5mL of commercial product to clipped skin of New Zealand albino rabbits under semi-occlusive dressings for ... 4 hr. /Solutions of/ 75 and 80% phosphoric acid was considered as non-corrosive while 85% acid was corrosive /to skin./ ... /After/ 24 hr, solutions from 75 - 85% phosphoric acid were corrosive to skin.
European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Phosphoric Acid (7664-38-2) p.54(2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from as of August 1, 2011 https://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Irrigation of rabbit's eye for five min with orthophosphoric acid diluted to pH 3.8 caused slight transient epithelial edema and conjunctival hyperemia but eye was completely normal by next day.
Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 733
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ ...Over 700 rats were fed diets containing up to 0.75% phosphoric acid. Effects on reproduction were looked for through 3 generations; no adverse effects were observed. The study was reported to include examination of the blood, tissues, mineral balance, nitrogen retention, and the acidic conditions of the digestive tract. Three successive generations of rats were fed diets containing 0.4% and 0.75% of phosphoric acid for 90 weeks. No harmful effects on growth or reproduction could be observed. No significant differences were noted in the blood picture in comparison with control rats and there was no other pathological finding which could be attributed to the diets. There was no acidosis or any changes in the calcium metabolism. The dental attrition was somewhat more marked than that in the control rats.
WHO/FAO; Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA): Phosphoric acid and phosphate salts (WHO Food Additives Series 17). Available from, as of July 28, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html
/GENOTOXICITY/ Genotoxicity /of phosphoric acid was found to be negative in/ Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA104 with and without metabolic activation ... /and/ Escherichia coli without metabolic activation. ...
National Poisons Information Service; United Kingdom Poison Information Documents (UKPID): Phosphoric Acid (7664-38-2) (January 28, 1998); Available from: as of August 2, 2011 https://www.inchem.org/pages/ukpids.html

14.1.16 Human Toxicity Values

TCLo inhalation human 100 mg/cu m
Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 6th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984., p. 2213

14.1.17 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LC50 Rabbit inhalation 1.689 mg/L 1 hr
European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Phosphoric Acid (7664-38-2) p.47(2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from as of August 1, 2011 https://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
LD50 Rat oral 1530 mg/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2948
LD50 Rabbit skin 2740 mg/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 2948

14.1.18 Populations at Special Risk

Chronic pulmonary disease: In persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of phosphoric acid dust or mist might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties. Skin disease: Phosphoric acid dust, mist, or solutions may cause dermatitis. Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent.
Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 1

14.2 Ecological Information

14.2.1 EPA Ecotoxicity

Pesticide Ecotoxicity Data from EPA

14.2.2 Ecotoxicity Excerpts

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /A/ static open-system 96 hr acute toxicity test using Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish) /was conducted/. After a 1 wk stabilization period, the fish in four of the aquaria were subjected to increasing concentrations of each acid, so that a decremental pH series of 7.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.25 and 3.0 was established. A constant pH was maintained for each 96 hour period. The remaining aquarium remained at pH 7.5 throughout the testing regimen. The 96 hour LC50 for all acids was between pH 3.5 and 3.0. No mortality was observed until the pH reached 3.5. The data indicate that the contribution by the anions to fish toxicity is similar. Thus, the quantity (and its affect on pH) rather than the quality of the acids is the primary factor in fish toxicity. In behavioral studies also reported, lowered pH results in the bluegill becoming hypoactive with respect to swimming behavior.
The Fertilizer Institute; Health & Environmental Safety Data Summary Document: Phosphoric Acid (CAS # 7664-38-2). p.31 Identification Number: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2003-0067-0015 (April 2003). Available from, as of June 12, 2011: https://www.regulations.gov/#!home
/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The concentration of hydrogen ions which caused 50% mortality of bluegill in 96 hr was between pH 3.5 and 3.0 for sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. Therefore, it appears that any contribution by the anions of these acids to fish toxicity is similar. Thus, the quantity rather than the quality of acids is the primary factor in fish toxicity brought about by acid precipitaiton. At sublethal concentration of acids, bluegill became hypoactive with respect to their swimming behavior.
Ellgaard EG, Gilmore JY Jr; J Fish Biol 25 (2): 133-7 (1984)
/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /A/ static open-system 12 hr acute toxicity test using Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex /was conducted/. Daphnids were exposed to various pH levels of phosphoric acids. ...The survival rate depends on the pH generated by the acid. EC50 = pH 4.6 (D. magna) and 4.1 (D. pulex).
The Fertilizer Institute; Health & Environmental Safety Data Summary Document: Phosphoric Acid (CAS # 7664-38-2). p.32 Identification Number: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2003-0067-0015 (April 2003). Available from, as of June 12, 2011: https://www.regulations.gov/#!home
/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /A/ static open-system 12 hr acute toxicity test using Gammarus pulex (Amphipod) /was conducted/. Amphipods were exposed to various pH levels of phosphoric acids. LC50 = pH 3.4. ...The same result was observed with Gammarus fossarum.
The Fertilizer Institute; Health & Environmental Safety Data Summary Document: Phosphoric Acid (CAS # 7664-38-2). p.32 Identification Number: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2003-0067-0015 (April 2003). Available from, as of June 12, 2011: https://www.regulations.gov/#!home
/PLANTS/ Plant foliage (peas, beans, beets, rape, and weeds) were destroyed by spraying with 15-20% phosphoric acid.
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.61 (1982)

14.2.3 US EPA Regional Screening Levels for Chemical Contaminants

Resident Soil (mg/kg)
7.80e+04
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
1.10e+06
Resident Air (ug/m3)
1.00e+01
Industrial Air (ug/m3)
4.40e+01
Tapwater (ug/L)
2.00e+04
MCL (ug/L)
1.5E+01(G)
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
1.00e+00
Chronic Inhalation Reference Concentration (mg/m3)
1.00e-02
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1

14.2.4 US EPA Regional Removal Management Levels for Chemical Contaminants

Resident Soil (mg/kg)
2.30e+05
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
3.40e+06
Resident Air (ug/m3)
3.10e+01
Industrial Air (ug/m3)
1.30e+02
Tapwater (ug/L)
6.00e+04
MCL (ug/L)
1.5E+01 (G)
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
1.00e+00
Chronic Inhalation Reference Concentration (mg/m3)
1.00e-02
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1

14.2.5 ICSC Environmental Data

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

14.2.6 Natural Pollution Sources

... PHOSPHORIC ACID, IS A NATURAL CONSTITUENT OF MANY FRUITS AND THEIR JUICES.
Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1972., p. 619

14.2.7 Environmental Fate

Aquatic Fate: While acidity may be reduced readily by natural water hardness minerals, the phosphate may persist indefinitely.
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.61 (1981)

14.2.8 Environmental Abiotic Degradation

UV-VIS spectra is pH-dependent /approximately 200 nm/ and therefore not environmentally important
Spanggord RJ et al; Environmental fate of white phosphorus/felt and red phosphorus/butyl rubber military screening smokes. Phase 1. Literature review. NTIS AD-A150 754. Menlo Park, CA: SRI Inter. pp.56. (1983)

14.2.9 Soil Adsorption / Mobility

When spilled onto soil, phosphoric acid will infiltrate downward, the rate being greater with lower concentration because of reduced viscosity. ... During transport through the soil, phosphoric acid will dissolve some of the soil material, in particular, carbonate-based materials. The acid will be neutralized to some degree with adsorption of the proton and phosphate ions also possible. However, significant amounts of acid will remain for transport. ... /If/ reaching the groundwater table, the acid will continue to move in the direction of groundwater flow. A contaminated plume will be produced with dilution and dispersion serving to reduce the acid concentration.
Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) p.51 (1981)

14.2.10 Other Environmental Concentrations

Phosphoric acid was present at a relative concentration of 21.0% of organic constituents in chitin smoke from grilling/charring of some seafood. Chitin is the polysaccharide that forms the hard shell of crustaceans and insects(1).
(1) Simoneit BRT et al; Chemosphere Global Change Sci 2: 101-105 (2000)

14.2.11 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of phosphoric acid is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).
(1) US EPA; Inventory Update Reporting (IUR). Non-confidential 2006 IUR Records by Chemical, including Manufacturing, Processing and Use Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available from, as of Jul 14, 2011: https://cfpub.epa.gov/iursearch/index.cfm
Inhalation of mist, ingestion, eye, and skin contact. /Occupational exposure/
Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic And Hazardous Chemicals. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corporation, 1981., p. 543

15 Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease
Colorectal cancer
References

PubMed: 7482520, 22148915, 19006102, 23940645, 24424155, 20156336, 19678709, 25105552, 21773981, 25037050, 27015276, 27107423, 27275383, 28587349

Silke Matysik, Caroline Ivanne Le Roy, Gerhard Liebisch, Sandrine Paule Claus. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 57, Part B, Nov. 2016, p.244-255: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224416301984

Disease
Hypophosphatasia
References
Disease
Hypophosphatemia
References
PubMed: 16932412
Disease
Oculocerebrorenal syndrome
References
PubMed: 2017228
Disease
Fanconi syndrome
References
Disease
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness
References
Disease
Hyperphosphatasia
References
PubMed: 23322328
Disease
Hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism syndrome
References
PubMed: 2001103
Disease
Supragingival Plaque
References
PubMed: 31026179

16 Literature

16.1 Consolidated References

16.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

16.3 Springer Nature References

16.4 Thieme References

16.5 Wiley References

16.6 Nature Journal References

16.7 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

16.8 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

16.9 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

17 Patents

17.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

17.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

17.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

17.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

17.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

18 Interactions and Pathways

18.1 Protein Bound 3D Structures

18.2 Chemical-Target Interactions

18.3 Drug-Drug Interactions

18.4 Pathways

19 Biological Test Results

19.1 BioAssay Results

20 Taxonomy

WormJam Metabolites Local CSV for MetFrag | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3403364
WormJam: A consensus C. elegans Metabolic Reconstruction and Metabolomics Community and Workshop Series, Worm, 6:2, e1373939, DOI:10.1080/21624054.2017.1373939
Zebrafish Pathway Metabolite MetFrag Local CSV (Beta) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3457553
The LOTUS Initiative for Open Natural Products Research: frozen dataset union wikidata (with metadata) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5794106
A metabolome atlas of the aging mouse brain. Nat Commun. 2021 Oct 15;12(1):6021. DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26310-y. PMID:34654818; PMCID:PMC8519999.
The Metabolome Atlas of the Aging Mouse Brain: https://mouse.atlas.metabolomics.us

21 Classification

21.1 MeSH Tree

21.2 NCI Thesaurus Tree

21.3 ChEBI Ontology

21.4 EPA Safer Choice

21.5 ChemIDplus

21.6 CAMEO Chemicals

21.7 ChEMBL Target Tree

21.8 UN GHS Classification

21.9 EPA CPDat Classification

21.10 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

21.11 EPA DSSTox Classification

21.12 Consumer Product Information Database Classification

21.13 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

21.14 LOTUS Tree

21.15 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

21.16 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

22 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
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    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
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  3. CAS Common Chemistry
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  4. ChemIDplus
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  15. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
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  17. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
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    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
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  35. Open Targets
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  37. ChEMBL
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  38. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
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  42. ECI Group, LCSB, University of Luxembourg
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CONTENTS