Linolenic Acid
- linolenic acid
- alpha-Linolenic acid
- 463-40-1
- linolenate
- (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid
- Create:2004-09-16
- Modify:2025-01-18
22333-90-0 (calcium salt)
38660-45-6 (potassium salt)
85392-75-2 (tin(2+) salt)
94138-91-7 (lithium salt)
- alpha Linolenic Acid
- alpha Linolenic Acid, Ammonium Salt
- alpha Linolenic Acid, Calcium Salt
- alpha Linolenic Acid, Lithium Salt
- alpha Linolenic Acid, Magnesium Salt
- alpha Linolenic Acid, Potassium Salt
- alpha Linolenic Acid, Sodium Salt
- alpha Linolenic Acid, Zinc Salt
- alpha-Linolenic Acid
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, (E,E,E)-Isomer
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, (E,E,Z)-Isomer
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, (E,Z,E)-Isomer
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, (E,Z,Z)-Isomer
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, (Z,E,E)-Isomer
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, (Z,E,Z)-Isomer
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, (Z,Z,E)-Isomer
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, Ammonium Salt
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, Calcium Salt
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, Lithium Salt
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, Magnesium Salt
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, Potassium Salt
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, Sodium Salt
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, Tin(2+) Salt
- alpha-Linolenic Acid, Zinc Salt
- Linolenate
- Linolenic Acid
- linolenic acid
- alpha-Linolenic acid
- 463-40-1
- linolenate
- (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid
- a-Linolenic acid
- cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
- all-cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
- (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
- 9-cis,12-cis,15-cis-Octadecatrienoic acid
- alpha-Lnn
- alpha-LA
- (9,12,15)-linolenic acid
- (9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid
- 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-
- alpha Linolenic Acid
- Linolenic acid, crude
- CCRIS 656
- .alpha.-Linolenic acid
- 9Z,12Z,15Z-Octadecatrienoic acid
- Industrene 120
- UNII-0RBV727H71
- cis-delta9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
- DTXSID7025506
- CHEBI:27432
- Prifrac 2942
- AI3-23986
- cis-Delta(9,12,15)-octadecatrienoic acid
- (Z,Z,Z)-Octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid
- 0RBV727H71
- NSC 2042
- NSC-2042
- EINECS 207-334-8
- FA 18:3
- CHEMBL8739
- 9,12,15-all-cis-Octadecatrienoic acid
- DTXCID905506
- cis-9,cis-12,cis-15-Octadecatrienoic acid
- C18:3
- NSC2042
- cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid
- 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)-
- MFCD00065720
- LINOLENIC ACID (18:3 n-3)
- NCGC00091058-04
- Linolenic acid 10 microg/mL in Methanol
- FEMA NO. 3380, LINOLENIC ACID-
- ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID (C18:3 N3)
- C18:3 (N-3)
- cis-9, cis-12, cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid
- Linolenic Acid (~90%)
- VITAMIN F COMPONENT ALPHA LINOLENIC ACID
- 18:3(N-3)
- LINOLENIC ACID (MART.)
- LINOLENIC ACID [MART.]
- C18H30O2
- 29857-63-4
- CAS-463-40-1
- SMR000857336
- (9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoate
- Linolenic acid (8CI)
- cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate
- alpha-Linolenic acid; ALA; cis-alpha-Linolenic acid
- Linolensaeure
- a-Linolenate
- Linolenic acid?
- cis,cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
- (9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
- LNL
- alpha-linolenic-acid
- Octadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoic acid
- alpha -linolenic acid
- Linolenic acid, >=99%
- Linolenic acid, tech grade
- alpha-Linolenic Acid tech.
- LINOLENIC ACID [MI]
- (9Z,12Z,15Z)octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid
- SCHEMBL15282
- 806 - Fish oil supplement
- 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoate
- BSPBio_001376
- MLS001336029
- MLS001336030
- MLS002454413
- LINOLENIC ACID [VANDF]
- BML3-B05
- GTPL1049
- Linolenic acid, ~70% (GC)
- LINOLENIC ACID [WHO-DD]
- CHEBI:25048
- cid_5280934
- cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate
- LINOLENIC ACID AND ISOMERS
- FA005
- HMS1361E18
- HMS1791E18
- HMS1989E18
- HMS2233C13
- HMS3402E18
- HMS3649H05
- Linolenic acid, analytical standard
- CMC_7371
- HY-N0728
- all-cis-9,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
- Tox21_111071
- Tox21_201727
- Tox21_303322
- all-cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoate
- BDBM50240347
- LMFA01030152
- AKOS016008598
- 1ST1776
- DB00132
- (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoate
- 9-cis,12-cis,15-cis-octadecatrienoate
- Fatty Acid cis, cis, cis 18:3 n-3
- IDI1_033846
- NCGC00091058-01
- NCGC00091058-02
- NCGC00091058-05
- NCGC00091058-06
- NCGC00091058-07
- NCGC00091058-08
- NCGC00091058-09
- NCGC00091058-10
- NCGC00257192-01
- NCGC00259276-01
- (all-Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
- 9,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-
- AC-33768
- AS-57338
- 9(Z),12(Z),15(Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid
- CS-0009741
- L0050
- cis,cis,cis-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid
- FA(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))
- Octadecatrienoic acid, 9,12,15-(Z,Z,Z)-
- A11389
- C06427
- Linolenic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
- EN300-6734316
- CIS-DELTA-9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID
- L000707
- Q256502
- SR-01000838327
- LINOLENIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO)
- SR-01000838327-2
- 2DCD0473-E5CC-47BB-A0A4-95899AFF6C4B
- BRD-K33396764-001-02-0
- BRD-K33396764-001-08-7
- BRD-K33396764-001-11-1
- 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)- (9CI)
- alpha-LINOLENIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF FLAX SEED OIL)
- LINOLENIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF EVENING PRIMROSE OIL)
- LINOLENIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC]
- alpha-LINOLENIC ACID (C18:3) (CONSTITUENT OF KRILL OIL)
- alpha-Linolenic acid, 1.0 mg/mL in ethanol, certified reference material
170.7 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]
173.07 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]
170.9 Ų [M+Na]+
174.6 Ų [M-H]-
173.9 Ų [M-H]-
93.0 100
95.0 85.79
91.0 71.97
108.0 66.37
107.0 48.65
73.0 100
79.0 95.40
75.0 90.49
67.0 68.37
93.0 40.84
279.0 100
280.0 17.16
261.0 16.43
149.0 10.70
123.0 6.39
81.0 100
67.0 89.58
95.0 82.31
123.0 67.56
149.0 65.67
279.2311 999
261.2196 38
243.21 24
95.0854 23
81.0694 23
81.0695 999
67.0536 791
95.0853 444
279.2305 297
109.1012 181
261.220978 100
123.116653 93.11
95.085381 79.19
109.100914 71.53
137.13208 55.60
261.22113 100
243.210693 66.25
123.116554 51.42
95.085213 50.05
223.16922 36.41
- Cod Liver Oil (part of)
- Evening Primrose Oil (part of)
- Saw Palmetto (part of)
- Krill oil (part of)
- Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of)
- Adipose Tissue
- Epidermis
- Fibroblasts
- Intestine
- Placenta
- Platelet
- Prostate
- Skeletal Muscle
- Cytoplasm
- Extracellular
- Membrane
- Finishing agents
- Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
- Surface active agents
- Lubricants and lubricant additives
- Adhesives and sealant chemicals
- Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
- Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Information on 17 consumer products that contain Linolenic acid in the following categories is provided:
• Auto Products
• Personal Care
2019: 1,000,000 lb - <20,000,000 lb
2018: 1,000,000 lb - <20,000,000 lb
2017: 1,000,000 lb - <20,000,000 lb
2016: 1,000,000 lb - <20,000,000 lb
- Miscellaneous Manufacturing
- Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
- All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
- Plastics Product Manufacturing
- Paper Manufacturing
P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, and P501
(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 2287 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.
Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1993 of 2287 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.
There are 7 notifications provided by 294 of 2287 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).
Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.
Chemical: Linolenic acid
Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern based on experimental and modeled data.
SYMPTOMS: Exposure to this compound may cause blurred vision, coughing, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress, skin burns and irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. It may also cause decreased fibrinogen levels and increased platelet adhesiveness.
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may cause irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. It may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. When heated to decomposition it may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. (NTP, 1992)
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)
SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should keep this material in a tightly closed container under an inert atmosphere, protect it from all oxidizing materials, and store it at refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)
Acids, Carboxylic
Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated
Acids, Weak
IMAP assessments - 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-: Human health tier I assessment
Evaluation - Chemicals that are unlikely to require further regulation to manage risks to environment
Silke Matysik, Caroline Ivanne Le Roy, Gerhard Liebisch, Sandrine Paule Claus. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 57, Part B, Nov. 2016, p.244-255: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224416301984
PubMed: 15615815, 12837870, 11978597, 17850781, 19343532, 27329611, 1246461
Isovaleric acidemia: Therapeutic response to supplementation with glycine, /react-text l react-text: 82 -carnitine, or both in combination and a 10-year. follow-up case study. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports. Volume 11, June 2017, Pages 2-5
MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de)
Patents are available for this chemical structure:
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/result.jsf?inchikey=DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N
- Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-https://services.industrialchemicals.gov.au/search-assessments/9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-https://services.industrialchemicals.gov.au/search-inventory/
- CAMEO ChemicalsLICENSECAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data.https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=falseLINOLENIC ACIDhttps://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/20572CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classificationhttps://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
- CAS Common ChemistryLICENSEThe data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Linolenic acidhttps://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=463-40-19,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)-, dimerhttps://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=29857-63-4
- ChemIDplusChemIDplus Chemical Information Classificationhttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
- DrugBankLICENSECreative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_usealpha-Linolenic acidhttps://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00132
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- EPA Chemicals under the TSCA9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)-https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tscaEPA TSCA Classificationhttps://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
- EPA DSSToxLinolenic acidhttps://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID7025506CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Listshttps://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)LICENSEUse of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-noticeLinolenic acid (EC: 207-334-8)https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database/-/discli/details/102748
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- International Fragrance Association (IFRA)LICENSE(c) The International Fragrance Association, 2007-2021. All rights reserved.https://ifrafragrance.org/links/copyright
- New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)LICENSEThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)-https://www.epa.govt.nz/industry-areas/hazardous-substances/guidance-for-importers-and-manufacturers/hazardous-substances-databases/
- Baker Lab, Chemistry Department, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillFA 18:3CCS Classification - Baker Labhttps://tarheels.live/bakerlab/
- CCSbaseCCSbase Classificationhttps://ccsbase.net/
- NORMAN Suspect List ExchangeLICENSEData: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Linolenic acidNORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classificationhttps://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
- LIPID MAPSLipid Classificationhttps://www.lipidmaps.org/
- Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational DiseasesLICENSECopyright (c) 2022 Haz-Map(R). All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from Haz-Map are copyrighted by Haz-Map(R). No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.https://haz-map.com/AboutLinolenic acidhttps://haz-map.com/Agents/14695
- ChEBIAlpha-linolenic acidhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:27432
- E. coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB)
- LOTUS - the natural products occurrence databaseLICENSEThe code for LOTUS is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0.https://lotus.nprod.net/Linolenic Acidhttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256502LOTUS Treehttps://lotus.naturalproducts.net/
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- Drug Gene Interaction database (DGIdb)LICENSEThe data used in DGIdb is all open access and where possible made available as raw data dumps in the downloads section.http://www.dgidb.org/downloadsLINOLENIC ACIDhttps://www.dgidb.org/drugs/rxcui:52071
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- Therapeutic Target Database (TTD)alpha-linolenic acidhttps://idrblab.net/ttd/data/drug/details/D0C5SV
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- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
- EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)EPA CPDat Classificationhttps://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/chemical-and-products-database-cpdat
- DailyMed
- ECI Group, LCSB, University of Luxembourgalpha-linolenic acid
- KNApSAcK Species-Metabolite Databasealpha-Linolenic acidhttp://www.knapsackfamily.com/knapsack_core/info.php?sname=C_ID&word=C00007247
- Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS)
- West Coast Metabolomics Center-UC DavisFA 18:3; (linolenic acid)
- EPA Safer ChoiceLinolenic acidhttps://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/safer-ingredientsEPA Safer Chemical Ingredients Classificationhttps://www.epa.gov/saferchoice
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- MassBank Europe
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- NIST Mass Spectrometry Data CenterLICENSEData covered by the Standard Reference Data Act of 1968 as amended.https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist1a.cfm
- SpectraBaseFatty acid (Linolenic)https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/8gNaekHeuz0Fatty acid (Linolenic)https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/EyI6F0iSEhELinolenic acidhttps://spectrabase.com/spectrum/Jvhei43g8emLINOLENIC ACIDhttps://spectrabase.com/spectrum/DvgN8rsiaCiALL-cis-OCTADECA-9,12,15-TRIENOIC ACIDhttps://spectrabase.com/spectrum/6UbpPv0z7fsLINOLENIC ACIDhttps://spectrabase.com/spectrum/2i0rSA7dZ4nLinolenic acidhttps://spectrabase.com/spectrum/9f9gBl2aogvLinolenic acidhttps://spectrabase.com/spectrum/Bb7WR4YAkS1Linolenic acidhttps://spectrabase.com/spectrum/5hVNG9hodvq9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z,Z,Z)-https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/CafoXbjoOUCLinolenic acid; 9,12,15-all-(z)-octadecatrienoic acidhttps://spectrabase.com/spectrum/HQ9HzrNy3uu
- Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
- KEGGLICENSEAcademic users may freely use the KEGG website. Non-academic use of KEGG generally requires a commercial licensehttps://www.kegg.jp/kegg/legal.htmlCompounds with biological roleshttp://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08001.keg
- MarkerDBLICENSEThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.https://markerdb.ca/Alpha-Linolenic acidhttps://markerdb.ca/chemicals/595
- Metabolomics Workbenchalpha-linolenic acidhttps://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/data/StructureData.php?RegNo=582
- National Drug Code (NDC) DirectoryLICENSEUnless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
- Nature Chemical Biology
- Nature Chemistry
- NLM RxNorm TerminologyLICENSEThe RxNorm Terminology is created by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and is in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from NLM. Credit to the U.S. National Library of Medicine as the source is appreciated but not required. The full RxNorm dataset requires a free license.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/termsofservice.htmllinolenic acidhttps://rxnav.nlm.nih.gov/id/rxnorm/52071
- PharmGKBLICENSEPharmGKB data are subject to the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareALike 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).https://www.pharmgkb.org/page/policiesalpha-linolenic acidhttps://www.pharmgkb.org/chemical/PA449384
- PharosLICENSEData accessed from Pharos and TCRD is publicly available from the primary sources listed above. Please respect their individual licenses regarding proper use and redistribution.https://pharos.nih.gov/aboutlinolenic acidhttps://pharos.nih.gov/ligands/44NB38QN7651
- Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe)
- RCSB Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)LICENSEData files contained in the PDB archive (ftp://ftp.wwpdb.org) are free of all copyright restrictions and made fully and freely available for both non-commercial and commercial use. Users of the data should attribute the original authors of that structural data.https://www.rcsb.org/pages/policies
- Springer Nature
- SpringerMaterialscis,cis,cis-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acidhttps://materials.springer.com/substanceprofile/docs/smsid_udawapzhrjtlcldx
- Thieme ChemistryLICENSEThe Thieme Chemistry contribution within PubChem is provided under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
- Wikidataalpha-linolenic acidhttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256502
- Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)LICENSEWorks produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.htmlalpha-Linolenic Acidhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68017962
- PubChem
- GHS Classification (UNECE)GHS Classification Treehttp://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_welcome_e.html
- EPA Substance Registry ServicesEPA SRS List Classificationhttps://sor.epa.gov/sor_internet/registry/substreg/LandingPage.do
- MolGenieMolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontologyhttps://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
- PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)SID 403034814https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/403034814
- NCBI