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Lauramine oxide

PubChem CID
15433
Structure
Lauramine oxide_small.png
Lauramine oxide_3D_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • 1643-20-5
  • Lauramine oxide
  • Lauryldimethylamine oxide
  • Dodecyldimethylamine oxide
  • LDAO
Molecular Weight
229.40 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-06-01
  • Modify:
    2025-01-18
Description
Dimethyldodecylamine-n-oxide is a crystalline solid.
Dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide is a tertiary amine oxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the amino group of dodecyldimethylamine. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a detergent. It derives from a hydride of a dodecane.
Lauramine oxide has been reported in Euglena gracilis with data available.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Lauramine oxide.png

1.2 3D Conformer

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine oxide
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C14H31NO/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15(2,3)16/h4-14H2,1-3H3
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-]
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

C14H31NO
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

1643-20-5

2.3.2 Deprecated CAS

135526-66-8, 1447712-24-4, 160714-02-3, 1616935-99-9, 163221-07-6, 177162-47-9, 209122-49-6, 2306325-97-1, 244235-92-5, 311814-25-2, 607690-42-6, 73502-08-6, 934560-91-5
135526-66-8, 160714-02-3, 163221-07-6, 177162-47-9, 209122-49-6, 244235-92-5, 311814-25-2, 607690-42-6, 73502-08-6

2.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.4 UNII

2.3.5 UN Number

2.3.6 ChEBI ID

2.3.7 ChEMBL ID

2.3.8 DrugBank ID

2.3.9 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.10 Metabolomics Workbench ID

2.3.11 Nikkaji Number

2.3.12 RXCUI

2.3.13 Wikidata

2.3.14 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • Ammonyx LO
  • DDAO
  • dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide
  • dodecyldimethylamine oxide
  • hexyldimethylamine oxide
  • lauryldimethylamine oxide
  • LDAO
  • N,N-dimethyldodecyclamine N-oxide
  • N,N-dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide
  • N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylamine N-oxide

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
229.40 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
XLogP3-AA
Property Value
5.3
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
11
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
229.240564612 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
229.240564612 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
18.1 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
16
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
146
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Dimethyldodecylamine-n-oxide is a crystalline solid.
Liquid
Highly hygroscopic solid; [HSDB]

3.2.2 Color / Form

Very hygroscopic needles from dry toluene.
Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 10th ed. Volumes 1-3 New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1999., p. 1431

3.2.3 Melting Point

266 to 268 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
130.5 °C
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 3-198

3.2.4 Solubility

In water, 190,000 mg/L at 25 °C
Brown SL et al.; Research Program on Hazard Priority Ranking of Manufactured Chemicals (Chemicals 61-79). NTIS PB-263 164. Menlo Park, CA: Stanford Research Institute (1975)

3.2.5 Vapor Pressure

0.00000006 [mmHg]

3.2.6 Stability / Shelf Life

Stable at high concentrations of electrolytes and over a wide pH range /Monohydrate/
Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977., p. 502

3.2.7 Decomposition

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /chloride, ammonium, and nitrogen oxides./
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1424

3.2.8 Other Experimental Properties

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 10th ed. Volumes 1-3 New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1999., p. 1431

3.3 Chemical Classes

Other Uses -> Emulsifiers/Surfactants

3.3.1 Drugs

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15
S55 | ZINC15PHARMA | Pharmaceuticals from ZINC15 | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3247749

3.3.2 Cosmetics

Cosmetic ingredients (Lauramine Oxide) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)
Cleansing; Hair conditioning; Viscosity controlling; Hydrotrope; Foam boosting; Antistatic; Surfactant
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

3.3.3 Endocrine Disruptors

Potential endocrine disrupting compound
S109 | PARCEDC | List of 7074 potential endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) by PARC T4.2 | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10944198

3.3.4 Fragrances

Fragrance Ingredient (Dodecyldimethylamine oxide) -> IFRA transparency List

3.3.5 Surfactants

Surfactant
S120 | DUSTCT2024 | Substances from Second NORMAN Collaborative Dust Trial | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.13835254

4 Spectral Information

4.1 1D NMR Spectra

4.1.1 1H NMR Spectra

Instrument Name
Varian CFT-20
Copyright
Copyright © 2009-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.1.2 13C NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Source of Sample
Fluka AG, Buchs, Switzerland
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Instrument Name
Jeol FX-100
Copyright
Copyright © 2002-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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4.2 Mass Spectrometry

4.2.1 LC-MS

1 of 15
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Authors
Nikiforos Alygizakis, Katerina Galani, Nikolaos Thomaidis, University of Athens
Instrument
Bruker maXis Impact
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QTOF
MS Level
MS2
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Ionization
ESI
Collision Energy
10 eV
Fragmentation Mode
CID
Column Name
Acclaim RSLC C18 2.2um, 2.1x100mm, Thermo
Retention Time
11.150 min
Precursor m/z
230.2478
Precursor Adduct
[M+H]+
Top 5 Peaks

230.248 999

231.2505 230

232.253 16

212.2362 7

Thumbnail
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License
CC BY
2 of 15
View All
Authors
Nikiforos Alygizakis, Katerina Galani, Nikolaos Thomaidis, University of Athens
Instrument
Bruker maXis Impact
Instrument Type
LC-ESI-QTOF
MS Level
MS2
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Ionization
ESI
Collision Energy
20 eV
Fragmentation Mode
CID
Column Name
Acclaim RSLC C18 2.2um, 2.1x100mm, Thermo
Retention Time
11.092 min
Precursor m/z
230.2478
Precursor Adduct
[M+H]+
Top 5 Peaks

230.2471 999

231.2504 96

212.2363 79

213.24 12

232.2532 8

Thumbnail
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License
CC BY

4.3 IR Spectra

4.3.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
FILM (CAST FROM CHCl3)
Source of Sample
Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland
Catalog Number
40234
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
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2 of 2
Technique
Mull
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
289701
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.3.2 ATR-IR Spectra

Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
289701
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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6 Chemical Vendors

7 Drug and Medication Information

7.1 Drug Labels

Drug and label
Active ingredient and drug

8 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

8.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Detergents
Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. (See all compounds classified as Detergents.)
Surface-Active Agents
Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics. (See all compounds classified as Surface-Active Agents.)

8.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

(1-Dodecyl-14C)lauramine oxide (10 mg with 100 uCi of 14C) was applied to the skin of two humans to study cutaneous absorption and metabolism of lauramine oxide. Ninety-two percent of the applied radioactivity was recovered from the skin of the test subjects 8 hr after dosing, and 0.1 and 0.23% of the radioactivity was recovered from the excretion products of the test subjects. The stratum corneum contained <0.2% of the applied dose.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 231-45 (1994)
Oral administration of a solution containing 50 mg (1-dodecyl-14C)lauramine oxide (100 uCi of 14C) to two humans resulted in excretion patterns of radioactivity similar to that of the other species studied. Fifty percent and 37% of the radioactivity was found in the urine within 24 hr of dosing, and expired 14C02 contained between 18 and 22% of the radioactivity administered.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 231-45 (1994)
Four Sprague-Dawley rats were given intraperitoneal injections of 22 mg (methyl-14C)lauramine oxide kg (specific activity 1.3 mCi/g). Sixty-seven percent of the total radioactivity was eliminated in the urine, 8% was expired as I4CO2, and 6% was eliminated in the feces within 24 hr. The distribution of radioactivity was essentially the same as that seen in rats given oral doses of lauramine oxide. The conclusion was that "... microbial metabolism by gastrointestinal flora does not play a major role in the absorption and excretion of [lauramine oxide] in rats."
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 231-45 (1994)
Aqueous (methyl-14C)lauramine oxide (10 mg containing 1.3 mCi/g) was applied to the skin of four Sprague-Dawley rats to test metabolism and absorption of the compound. Over 72 hr, 14.2% of the total radioactivity was found in the urine, 2.5% in the CO2, and 1.8% in the feces. Radioactivity was detected in the liver, kidneys, testes, blood, and expired CO2.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 231-45 (1994)
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for LAURAMINE OXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

8.3 Metabolism / Metabolites

Metabolic profiles for different species (rat, human, mouse, rabbit) did not have any significant differences in metabolites, but the degree of absorption, especially in cutaneous applications, varied from species to species.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 231-45 (1994)
Characterization of metabolites of lauramine oxide resulted in the positive identification of only one metabolite, N-dimethyl-4-aminobutyric acid N-oxide. Several pathways exist for metabolism of lauramine oxide: omega,beta-oxidation of alkyl chains (the most common pathway for surfactant metabolism), hydroxylation of alkyl chains, and reduction of the amine oxide group.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 231-45 (1994)
Urinary metabolites in rats, rabbits and humans suggested metabolism via omega, beta-oxidation of the aliphatic chain, amine oxide reduction and aliphatic, mid-chain hydroxylation. N,N-dimethyl-4-aminobutyric acid and its N-oxide accounted for 28, 28 and 23% in man, rats and rabbits, respectively.
Turan et al; Xenobiotica 11 (7): 447 (1981)

9 Use and Manufacturing

9.1 Uses

Cosmetic Ingredient Review Link
CIR ingredient: Lauramine Oxide
EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Used as a foam builder and stabilizer; Used in cosmetics, emollients, conditioners, emulsifiers, dishwasher detergents, shampoos, soaps, and antistatic, wetting, antibacterial, and antifungal agents; [HSDB]
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure
As a foam stabilizer; stable at high concentration of electrolytes and over a wide pH range.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 742
Lauramine oxide and stearamine oxide are aliphatic tertiary amine oxides that are used in cosmetics as foam builders and stabilizers, viscosity enhancers, emollients, conditioners, emulsifiers, antistatic agents, and wetting agents.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13(3):231-45 (1994)
Surfactant amine oxides such as lauryldimethylamine oxide are ... widely used as constituents of dishwasher detergents, shampoos, and soaps.
Kosswig K; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed. (2008). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Surfactants. Online Posting Date: June 15, 2000.
... Used to modify foaming and also may find application as hair conditioning agents in shampoos, ie, acting as antistatic agents to provide manageability.
Pohl S et al; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (2001). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Hair Preparations. Online Posting Date: December 4, 2000.
For more Uses (Complete) data for LAURAMINE OXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.1.1 Use Classification

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Surfactants
Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern
Fragrance Ingredients
Cosmetics -> Cleansing; Hair conditioning; Viscosity controlling; Hydrotrope; Foam boosting; Antistatic; Surfactant
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

9.1.2 Industry Uses

  • Other (specify)
  • Emulsifier
  • Intermediate
  • Foamant
  • Surface active agents
  • Surfactant (surface active agent)

9.1.3 Consumer Uses

  • Surface active agents
  • Surfactant (surface active agent)
  • Emulsifier
  • Other (specify)

9.1.4 Household Products

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products

Information on 451 consumer products that contain Lauramine oxide in the following categories is provided:

• Auto Products

• Commercial / Institutional

• Home Maintenance

• Inside the Home

• Personal Care

9.2 Methods of Manufacturing

SRI

9.3 U.S. Production

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: 1,000,000 lb - <20,000,000 lb

2018: 1,000,000 lb - <20,000,000 lb

2017: 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lb

2016: 1,000,000 lb - <20,000,000 lb

(1979) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+6 GRAMS
SRI
(1981) 2.7X10+10 G (ESTIMATED)
SRI
Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.
Year
1986
Production Range (pounds)
>1 million - 10 million
Year
1990
Production Range (pounds)
>1 million - 10 million
Year
1994
Production Range (pounds)
>1 million - 10 million
Year
1998
Production Range (pounds)
>1 million - 10 million
Year
2002
Production Range (pounds)
>1 million - 10 million
US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update Rule (IUR). 1-Dodecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide (1643-20-5). Available from, as of July 9, 2008: https://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002-vol.html
1-Dodecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).
EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program. Available from the Database Query page at: https://www.epa.gov/hpv/pubs/general/opptsrch.htm on 1-Dodecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide (1643-20-5) as of July 9, 2008

9.4 U.S. Imports

(1979) No Data
SRI
(1981) No Data
SRI

9.5 U.S. Exports

(1979) No Data
SRI
(1981) No Data
SRI

9.6 General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
  • Construction
  • All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
  • Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)
  • Organic Fiber Manufacturing
  • Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
  • Wholesale and Retail Trade
  • Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
  • All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
  • Machinery Manufacturing
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
1-Dodecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide: ACTIVE
"AROMOX" /IS/ TRADEMARK FOR A SERIES OF METHYLATED OR ETHOXYLATED AMINE OXIDES DERIVED FROM HIGH-MOLECULAR-WT ALIPHATIC AMINES. USES: FOAM & SUDS STABILIZERS IN DETERGENT & COSMETIC FORMULATIONS; SURFACTANTS. /AROMOX/
Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977., p. 74

10 Safety and Hazards

10.1 Hazards Identification

10.1.1 GHS Classification

1 of 4
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Note
Pictograms displayed are for 96.9% (1090 of 1125) of reports that indicate hazard statements. This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 3.1% (35 of 1125) of reports.
Pictogram(s)
Corrosive
Irritant
Environmental Hazard
Signal
Danger
GHS Hazard Statements

H302 (29.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (88.6%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (80.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H400 (74.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411 (25.4%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H412 (39.9%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P317, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1125 reports by companies from 30 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 35 of 1125 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 29 notifications provided by 1090 of 1125 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

10.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Acute Tox. 4 (29.7%)

Skin Irrit. 2 (88.6%)

Eye Dam. 1 (80.8%)

Aquatic Acute 1 (74.8%)

Aquatic Chronic 2 (25.4%)

Aquatic Chronic 3 (39.9%)

Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4

Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2A

Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) - Category 1

Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) - Category 1

10.1.3 EPA Safer Chemical

Chemical: N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine oxide

Green circle Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern based on experimental and modeled data.

10.1.4 Health Hazards

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)

10.1.5 Fire Hazards

Flash point data for this compound are not available. It is probably nonflammable. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.1.6 Hazards Summary

Caused severe skin irritation (including severe erythema and edema, fissuring with bleeding, and necrosis) in rabbit studies; High dose animal feeding studies produced no significant adverse effects; [HSDB] Amine oxides are metabolized and rapidly excreted after ingestion; Effects on skin are: 1% solutions not irritating, 5% solutions moderately irritating, and 30% solutions severely irritating; No evidence of skin sensitization; No evidence of carcinogenic response or reproductive toxicity; [OECD SIDS] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause chemical pneumonitis; [MSDSonline]

10.2 First Aid Measures

10.2.1 First Aid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.3 Fire Fighting

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.4 Accidental Release Measures

10.4.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

10.4.2 Disposal Methods

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

10.5 Handling and Storage

10.5.1 Nonfire Spill Response

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and protect it from moisture. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.6 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

10.6.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.7 Stability and Reactivity

10.7.1 Air and Water Reactions

Hygroscopic (NTP, 1992).
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.7.2 Reactive Group

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Oxidizing Agents, Weak

10.7.3 Reactivity Profile

DIMETHYLDODECYLAMINE-N-OXIDE is less basic than the tertiary amine from which it is derived, but still reacts with strong acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

10.8 Transport Information

10.8.1 DOT Label

Poison

10.9 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: 1-Dodecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Dodecyldimethylamine oxide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

10.10 Other Safety Information

10.10.1 Special Reports

Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 231-45 (1994)

11 Toxicity

11.1 Toxicological Information

11.1.1 Adverse Effects

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

11.1.2 Acute Effects

11.1.3 Toxicity Data

LC50 (rat) = 5.3 g/mL/4h (aerosol of 0.3% lauramine oxide;

11.1.4 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The ocular irritation potential of formulations containing 0.3% active lauramine oxide was evaluated by instilling 10 uL into the conjunctival sac of New Zealand White rabbits. The eyes of some rabbits were rinsed with distilled water. Irritation was scored according to the method of Draize (maximum possible score: 110). Slight irritation of the conjunctivae was observed in all unrinsed eyes and in two of three rinsed eyes at the 24-hr grading period. The maximum average score was 2.0 for the animals with unrinsed eyes, and 1.3 for those whose eyes were rinsed. All eyes were clear after 48 hr.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 238 (1994)
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The primary dermal irritation potential of three formulations, each containing 30% lauramine oxide, was evaluated using New Zealand white rabbits. Three male and three female rabbits had 0.5 mL of each formulation applied under occlusive patches to separate sites on their clipped backs for 24 hr. The sites were rinsed after patch removal and were scored for erythema, eschar, and edema at the time of removal and 48 hr later. The primary dermal indices (maximum possible score: 8) were 7.0, 7.2, and 7.6. Moderate to severe erythema and edema, two cases of necrosis, and one case of necrosis and fissuring with bleeding were observed at the 24-hr grading period. At the 72-hr reading, ... severe erythema and edema, eschar, fissuring with bleeding, and necrosis and/or thickened skin /did occur/.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 238 (1994)
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Liquid droplet aerosol /formulation containing 0.3% active lauramine oxide/ at concentrations of 0.2, 1.0, and 5.2 mg/L were tested on three groups of four male Swiss-Webster mice. Only the heads of the mice were exposed to the aerosol. The average respiratory rate was monitored using plethysmography 5 min before, 10 min during, and 10 min after each exposure, and the percentage change in respiratory rate was calculated. A decrease in respiratory rate was considered a response to upper airway irritation. A transient decrease was observed in the respiratory rate of the 1.0 mg/L exposed group, but this was not considered significant because no signs of irritation were seen at greater exposure concentrations. The groups treated with 1.0 mg/L and 5.2 mg/L had a 6% decrease in their average respiratory rates. However, these decreases were not attributed to upper airway irritation because the respiratory rates were even lower during the postexposure recovery period. No decrease in respiratory rate was observed in the 0.2 mg/L exposed mice.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 237 (1994)
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The acute inhalation toxicity of a liquid droplet aerosol formulation containing 0.3% active lauramine oxide was evaluated. Five female and five male albino Sprague-Dawley-derived rats were exposed for 4 hr to this aerosol at a concentration of 5.3 mg/L. The Equivalent Aerodynamic Diameter of the aerosol was 3.6 um with a geometric standard deviation of 1.91. The animals were observed during the exposure and two times daily for 14 days, and body weights were recorded before exposure and on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 postexposure. At necropsy, the major organs in the abdominal and thoracic cavities were weighed and observed. No deaths occurred during the study and all the rats appeared normal. A slight drop in body weight was observed in the males on day 1, but weight was gained normally for the remainder of the study. The weight gain in the females was normal. The organ weights were all within the anticipated normal control ranges for both sexes. No exposure-related pharmacotoxic signs were evident in any of the organs. The 4-hr LD50 for this aerosol was greater than 5.3 mg/L nominal.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 236-7 (1994)
For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for LAURAMINE OXIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11.1.5 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Rat (female CD Sprague-Dawley) oral >20 g/kg /Undiluted formulation containing 0.3% active lauramine oxide/
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 236 (1994)
LC50 Rat inhalation 5.3 g/mL/4 hr /Liquid droplet formulation containing 0.3% active lauramine oxide/
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide; Journal of American College of Toxicology 13 (3): 236 (1994)

11.2 Ecological Information

11.2.1 Environmental Fate / Exposure Summary

Lauramine oxide's production and use as a surfactant in dishwasher detergent, shampoo and soap, as a foam stabilizer, and textile antistatic agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 6.2X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates lauramine oxide will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase lauramine oxide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14.1 hours. Particulate-phase lauramine oxide will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Lauramine oxide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, lauramine oxide is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 5.5. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.6X10-11 atm-cu m/mole. In aqueous biodegradation screening tests, lauramine oxide was 100% removed after 28 days as measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, suggesting that biodegradation in soil and water is an important fate process. If released into water, lauramine oxide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 0.7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to lauramine oxide may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where it is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to lauramine oxide via dermal contact with this compound in consumer products containing lauramine oxide. (SRC)

11.2.2 Artificial Pollution Sources

Lauramine oxide's production and use as a surfactant in dishwasher detergent, shampoo and soap(1), as a foam stabilizer, and textile antistatic agent(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
(1) Kosswig K; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed. (2008). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Surfactants. Online Posting Date: June 15, 2000.
(2) Ashford RD; Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals: Properties, Production, Uses. London, England: Wavelength Publ, Ltd. p. 331 (1994)

11.2.3 Environmental Fate

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5.5(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 190,000 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that lauramine oxide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of lauramine oxide from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.6X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Lauramine oxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.2X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). In aqueous biodegradation screening tests, lauramine oxide was 100% removed after 28 days as measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(6), suggesting that biodegradation in soil is an important fate process(SRC).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) Brown SL et al.; Research Program on Hazard Priority Ranking of Manufactured Chemicals (Chemicals 61-79). NTIS PB-263 164. Menlo Park, CA: Stanford Research Institute (1975)
(3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-5 (1990)
(4) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Environ Toxicol Chem 10: 1283-93 (1991)
(5) Lyman WJ; p. 31 in Environmental Exposure From Chemicals Vol I, Neely WB, Blau GE, eds, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (1985)
(6) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Tokyo, Japan: Natl Inst Tech Eval. Available at https://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html as of June 17, 2008.
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5.5(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 190,000 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that lauramine oxide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.6X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 0.7(SRC), from its water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). In aqueous biodegradation screening tests, lauramine oxide was 100% removed after 28 days as measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(6), suggesting that biodegradation in water is an important fate process(SRC).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)
(2) Brown SL et al.; Research Program on Hazard Priority Ranking of Manufactured Chemicals (Chemicals 61-79). NTIS PB-263 164. Menlo Park, CA: Stanford Research Institute (1975)
(3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-5, 15-1 to 15-29, 5-5 (1990)
(4) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Environ Toxicol Chem 10: 1283-93 (1991)
(5) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)
(6) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Tokyo, Japan: Natl Inst Tech Eval. Available at https://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html as of June 17, 2008.
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), lauramine oxide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 6.2X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase lauramine oxide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14.1 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3) Particulate-phase lauramine oxide may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Lauramine oxide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988)
(2) Lyman WJ; p. 31 in Environmental Exposure From Chemicals Vol I, Neely WB, Blau GE, eds, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (1985)
(3) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993)
(4) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 8-12 (1990)

11.2.4 Environmental Biodegradation

AEROBIC: Lauramine oxide, present at 100 mg/L, was 100% removed in 4 weeks as measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). An inherent biodegradability test using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L and lauramine oxide at 30 mg/L showed the compound to reach 88% of its theoretical total organic carbon in 4 weeks(1).
(1) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Tokyo, Japan: Natl Inst Tech Eval. Available at https://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html as of June 17, 2008.

11.2.5 Environmental Abiotic Degradation

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of lauramine oxide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14.1 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Lauramine oxide is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Lauramine oxide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993)
(2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5, 8-12 (1990)

11.2.6 Environmental Bioconcentration

An estimated BCF of 0.7 was calculated for lauramine oxide(SRC), using a water solubility of 190,000 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
(1) Brown SL et al; Research Program on Hazard Priority Ranking of Manufactured Chemicals (Chemicals 61-79). NTIS PB-263 164. Menlo Park, CA: Stanford Research Institute (1975)
(2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 5-5 (1990)
(3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)

11.2.7 Soil Adsorption / Mobility

The Koc of lauramine oxide is estimated as 5.5(SRC), using a water solubility of 190,000 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that lauramine oxide is expected to have very high mobility in soil.
(1) Brown SL et al; Research Program on Hazard Priority Ranking of Manufactured Chemicals (Chemicals 61-79). NTIS PB-263 164. Menlo Park, CA: Stanford Research Institute (1975)
(2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-5 (1990)
(3) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)

11.2.8 Volatilization from Water / Soil

The Henry's Law constant for lauramine oxide is estimated as 6.6X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that lauramine oxide is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Lauramine oxide's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not likely to occur(SRC). Lauramine oxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.2X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).
(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Environ Toxicol Chem 10: 1283-93 (1991)
(2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)
(3) Lyman WJ; p. 31 in Environmental Exposure From Chemicals Vol I, Neely WB, Blau GE, eds, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (1985)

11.2.9 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 91,001 workers (38,251 of these were female) were potentially exposed to lauramine oxide in the US(1). Occupational exposure may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where lauramine oxide is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to lauramine oxide via dermal contact with this compound and consumer products containing lauramine oxide(SRC).
(1) NIOSH; NOES. National Occupational Exposure Survey conducted from 1981-1983. Estimated numbers of employees potentially exposed to specific agents by 2-digit standard industrial classification (SIC). Available at https://www.cdc.gov/noes/ as of June 17, 2008.
(2) Kosswig K; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed. (2008). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Surfactants. Online Posting Date: June 15, 2000.

12 Literature

12.1 Consolidated References

12.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

12.3 Springer Nature References

12.4 Thieme References

12.5 Wiley References

12.6 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

12.7 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

12.8 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

13 Patents

13.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

13.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

13.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

13.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

13.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

14 Interactions and Pathways

14.1 Protein Bound 3D Structures

14.1.1 Ligands from Protein Bound 3D Structures

PDBe Ligand Code
PDBe Structure Code
PDBe Conformer

14.2 Chemical-Target Interactions

15 Biological Test Results

15.1 BioAssay Results

16 Taxonomy

The LOTUS Initiative for Open Natural Products Research: frozen dataset union wikidata (with metadata) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5794106

17 Classification

17.1 MeSH Tree

17.2 ChEBI Ontology

17.3 EPA Safer Choice

17.4 ChemIDplus

17.5 CAMEO Chemicals

17.6 ChEMBL Target Tree

17.7 UN GHS Classification

17.8 EPA CPDat Classification

17.9 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

17.10 EPA DSSTox Classification

17.11 Consumer Product Information Database Classification

17.12 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

17.13 LOTUS Tree

17.14 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

17.15 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

18 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
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    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. CAS Common Chemistry
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    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
  4. ChemIDplus
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  5. DrugBank
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    https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_use
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  6. EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
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    1-Dodecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide
    https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting
  7. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    1-Dodecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide
    https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  8. EPA DSSTox
    N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID1020514
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  9. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
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    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
    Dodecyldimethylamine oxide
    https://chem.echa.europa.eu/100.015.183
  10. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
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    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  11. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  12. International Fragrance Association (IFRA)
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    https://ifrafragrance.org/links/copyright
  13. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
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    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  14. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
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    https://haz-map.com/About
    N,N-Dimethyl-N-dodecylamine oxide
    https://haz-map.com/Agents/6479
  15. ChEBI
  16. LOTUS - the natural products occurrence database
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    https://lotus.nprod.net/
  17. ChEMBL
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    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/contents/view/1/6
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    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/
  19. Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
  20. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
  21. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
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    N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  22. DailyMed
  23. Therapeutic Target Database (TTD)
  24. EPA Safer Choice
    EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice
  25. NITE-CMC
    N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide - FY2007 (Revised classification)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/07-meti-2026e.html
    N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide - FY2015 (Revised classification)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/15-meti-0017e.html
    N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide - FY2006 (New/original classication)
    https://www.chem-info.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/06-imcg-0415e.html
  26. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  27. Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS)
  28. MassBank Europe
  29. MassBank of North America (MoNA)
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    The content of the MoNA database is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
    https://mona.fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/documentation/license
  30. Metabolomics Workbench
  31. NLM RxNorm Terminology
    LICENSE
    The RxNorm Terminology is created by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and is in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from NLM. Credit to the U.S. National Library of Medicine as the source is appreciated but not required. The full RxNorm dataset requires a free license.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/termsofservice.html
  32. Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe)
  33. RCSB Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)
    LICENSE
    Data files contained in the PDB archive (ftp://ftp.wwpdb.org) are free of all copyright restrictions and made fully and freely available for both non-commercial and commercial use. Users of the data should attribute the original authors of that structural data.
    https://www.rcsb.org/pages/policies
  34. SpectraBase
    N,N-DIMETHYLDODECYLAMINE, N-OXIDE
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/GYV6aKPHuV2
    N,N-Dimethyl-dodecylamine oxide
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/HhfVWUBPutg
    N,N-dimethyldodecylamine, N-oxide
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/Fu1YKv5KPzC
    N,N-DIMETHYLDODECYLAMINE, N-OXIDE
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/7AFFBvCoYzX
    N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/JEi1iC0ZrUV
    N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/GHp4fFDSGlq
  35. Springer Nature
  36. Thieme Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The Thieme Chemistry contribution within PubChem is provided under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  37. Wikidata
  38. Wikipedia
  39. Wiley
  40. PubChem
  41. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
    LICENSE
    Works produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  42. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  43. EPA Substance Registry Services
  44. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  45. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
CONTENTS