An official website of the United States government

Hydroxycitronellal

PubChem CID
7888
Structure
Hydroxycitronellal_small.png
Hydroxycitronellal_3D_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • Hydroxycitronellal
  • 107-75-5
  • 7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal
  • 7-Hydroxycitronellal
  • 3,7-Dimethyl-7-hydroxyoctanal
Molecular Weight
172.26 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-03-26
  • Modify:
    2024-12-21
Description
Hydroxycitronellal is the tertiary alcohol arising from addition of water across the C=C double bond of citronellal. It has a role as an allergen and a fragrance. It is functionally related to a citronellal.
Hydroxycitronellal is a synthetic fragrance that is widely used in many cosmetics and hygiene products such as deodorants, soaps, antiseptics, and other household items. It has the smell of lilac, lily, and lily of the valley. Hydroxycitronellal has also been shown to be a dermatologic irritant and allergen, and as a result commercially available products are restricted by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) to contain only 0.1-3.6%. Sensitivity to hydroxycitronellal may be identified with a clinical patch test.
Hydroxycitronellal is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of hydroxycitronellal is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Hydroxycitronellal.png

1.2 3D Conformer

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C10H20O2/c1-9(6-8-11)5-4-7-10(2,3)12/h8-9,12H,4-7H2,1-3H3
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

WPFVBOQKRVRMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

CC(CCCC(C)(C)O)CC=O
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.2 Molecular Formula

C10H20O2
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

107-75-5

2.3.2 Deprecated CAS

123238-75-5

2.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.4 UNII

2.3.5 ChEBI ID

2.3.6 ChEMBL ID

2.3.7 DrugBank ID

2.3.8 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.9 FEMA Number

2.3.10 HMDB ID

2.3.11 JECFA Number

611

2.3.12 Metabolomics Workbench ID

2.3.13 Nikkaji Number

2.3.14 NSC Number

2.3.15 Pharos Ligand ID

2.3.16 RXCUI

2.3.17 Wikidata

2.3.18 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • 7-hydroxycitronellal
  • hydroxycitronellal

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
172.26 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
XLogP3-AA
Property Value
1.6
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
6
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
172.146329876 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
172.146329876 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
37.3Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
12
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
130
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Liquid
Liquid; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS]
colourless liquid with sweet floral lily-like odour

3.2.2 Boiling Point

241.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
The Good Scents Company Information System

3.2.3 Solubility

slightly
The Good Scents Company Information System
slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, propylene glycol, and oils; insoluble in glycerol
1 ml in 1 ml 50% alcohol (in ethanol)

3.2.4 Density

0.918-0.923

3.2.5 Refractive Index

1.447-1.450

3.2.6 Kovats Retention Index

Standard non-polar
1240.6, 1242.5, 1269, 1255.2, 1263, 1269, 1269, 1269
Semi-standard non-polar
1291, 1294, 1295, 1313, 1304, 1290, 1300, 1300, 1302, 1302, 1302, 1305, 1291
Standard polar
1915, 1942.4, 1944.2, 1944.2, 1947, 1882, 1882, 1882

3.3 Chemical Classes

Biological Agents -> Plant Oils and Extracts

3.3.1 Cosmetics

Cosmetics ingredient -> Base; Flavor; Fragrance; Moisturizing/Humectant; Other (Specify)
Masking
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

3.3.2 Food Additives

FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food

3.3.3 Fragrances

Fragrance Ingredient (Hydroxycitronellal) -> IFRA transparency List

4 Spectral Information

4.1 1D NMR Spectra

4.1.1 1H NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Varian A-60
Copyright
Copyright © 2009-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Catalog Number
W258318
Copyright
Copyright © 2021-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.1.2 13C NMR Spectra

1 of 2
Source of Sample
Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Instrument Name
VARIAN CFT-20
Copyright
Copyright © 2002-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.2 Mass Spectrometry

4.2.1 GC-MS

1 of 8
View All
Spectra ID
Instrument Type
EI-B
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

59.0 99.99

43.0 48.19

71.0 34.53

41.0 20.50

55.0 11.90

Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Notes
instrument=HITACHI M-80B
2 of 8
View All
MoNA ID
MS Category
Experimental
MS Type
GC-MS
MS Level
MS1
Instrument
HITACHI M-80B
Instrument Type
EI-B
Ionization Mode
positive
Top 5 Peaks

59 99.99

43 48.19

71 34.53

41 20.50

55 11.90

Thumbnail
Thumbnail
License
CC BY-NC-SA

4.2.2 Other MS

Authors
SODA AROMATIC CO., LTD.
Instrument
HITACHI M-80B
Instrument Type
EI-B
MS Level
MS
Ionization Mode
POSITIVE
Ionization
ENERGY 70 eV
Top 5 Peaks

59 999

43 482

71 345

41 205

55 119

Thumbnail
Thumbnail
License
CC BY-NC-SA

4.3 IR Spectra

4.3.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
CAPILLARY CELL: NEAT
Source of Sample
Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker IFS 85
Technique
Cell
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2024 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.3.2 Vapor Phase IR Spectra

Instrument Name
DIGILAB FTS-14
Technique
Vapor Phase
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

6 Chemical Vendors

7 Drug and Medication Information

7.1 Drug Indication

Hydroxycitronellal is approved by the FDA for use within allergenic epicutaneous patch tests which are indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in persons 6 years of age and older.

7.2 FDA National Drug Code Directory

7.3 Drug Labels

Active ingredient and drug

8 Food Additives and Ingredients

8.1 Food Additive Classes

Flavoring Agents
JECFA Functional Classes
Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT;

8.2 FEMA Flavor Profile

Floral

8.3 FDA Substances Added to Food

Used for (Technical Effect)
FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT
Document Number (21 eCFR)
FEMA Number
2583
GRAS Number
3
JECFA Flavor Number
611

8.4 Evaluations of the Joint FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives - JECFA

Chemical Name
HYDROXYCITRONELLAL
Evaluation Year
1999
ADI
No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent
Tox Monograph

9 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

9.1 FDA Pharmacological Classification

FDA UNII
8SQ0VA4YUR
Active Moiety
HYDROXYCITRONELLAL
Pharmacological Classes
Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Standardized Chemical Allergen
Pharmacological Classes
Physiologic Effects [PE] - Increased Histamine Release
Pharmacological Classes
Physiologic Effects [PE] - Cell-mediated Immunity
Pharmacological Classes
Chemical Structure [CS] - Allergens
FDA Pharmacology Summary
Hydroxycitronellal is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of hydroxycitronellal is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity.

9.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Volume of Distribution
Tmax was found to be 2.70 ± 1.36

9.3 Metabolism / Metabolites

Studies in rabbits have shown that hydroxycitronellal is converted to two primary metabolites: reduction to the alcohol 7-hydroxycitronellol and oxidation to the carboxylic acid 7-hydroxycitronellylic acid. On average, about 50% of hydroxycitronellal is excreted as 7-hydroxycitronellylic acid which is therefore regarded as the major metabolite.

9.4 Biological Half-Life

The mean elimination half-life has been found to be 3.3 h.

9.5 Human Metabolite Information

9.5.1 Cellular Locations

  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane

10 Use and Manufacturing

10.1 Uses

EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products; [EPA] Used as a fragrance; [EC: SCCNFP] Used as flavoring agent or adjuvant; [FDA]

10.1.1 Use Classification

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents
Fragrance Ingredients
Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index
Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes
Cosmetics -> Masking
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

10.1.2 Industry Uses

  • Fragrance
  • Flavoring and nutrient

10.1.3 Consumer Uses

  • Fragrance
  • Flavoring and nutrient

10.1.4 Household Products

California Safe Cosmetics Program (CSCP)

Cosmetics product ingredient: Hydroxycitronellal (7-Hydroxycitronellal)

Hydroxycitronellal is a fragrance allergen. Fragrance allergens are hazardous only to individuals who suffer from fragrance allergies. The Cosmetic Fragrance and Flavor Ingredient Right to Know Act of 2020 requires fragrance allergens included in Annex III of the EU Cosmetics Regulation No. 1223/2009 be reported to the California Department of Public Health. Fragrance allergens are only required to be reported if present in a rinse-off cosmetic product at a concentration at or above 0.01 percent (100 parts per million) or in a leave-on cosmetic product at a concentration at or above 0.001 percent (10 parts per million).

Product count: 7916

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products

Information on 159 consumer products that contain Hydroxycitronellal in the following categories is provided:

• Auto Products

• Commercial / Institutional

• Inside the Home

• Personal Care

• Pet Care

10.2 IFRA Fragrance Standards

IFRA Substance
Hydroxycitronellal
Synonyms
Hydroxycitronellal; Citronellalhydrate; 7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal; 3,7-Dimethyl-7-hydroxyoctanal; Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-; Oxydihydrocitronellal; Laurinal (commercial name); Laurine (commercial name)
Amendment
51
IFRA Standard type
Restriction: This material should be used only in the limited quantity as stated in the Standard
Intrinsic property driving the risk management measure
DERMAL SENSITIZATION AND SYSTEMIC TOXICITY
Flavor use consideration
Due to the possible ingestion of small amounts of fragrance ingredients from their use in products in Categories 1 and 6, materials must not only comply with IFRA Standards but must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient as defined by the IOFI Code of Practice (www.iofi.org). For more details see chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards.

10.2.1 Restriction Limits in the Finished Product (%)

Category 1 (%)
0.38 [Products applied to the lips]
Category 2 (%)
0.11 [Products applied to the axillae]
Category 3 (%)
2.2999999999999998 [Products applied to the face/body using fingertips]
Category 4 (%)
2.1 [Products related to fine fragrances]
Category 5A (%)
0.53 [Products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on (Body lotion)]
Category 5B (%)
0.53 [Products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on (Face moisturizer)]
Category 5C (%)
0.53 [Products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on (Hand cream)]
Category 5D (%)
0.18 [Products applied to babies using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on (Baby cream, oil, talc)]
Category 6 (%)
1.2 [Products with oral and lip exposure]
Category 7A (%)
1.6 [Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact]
Category 7B (%)
1.6 [Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact]
Category 8 (%)
0.18 [Products with significant anogenital exposure (tampon)]
Category 9 (%)
4.0999999999999996 [Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off]
Category 10A (%)
0.78 [Household care products with mostly hand contact (excluding aerosol/spray products)]
Category 10B (%)
7.8 [Household care products with mostly hand contact (household aerosol/spray products)]
Category 11A (%)
0.18 [Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure]
Category 11B (%)
0.18 [Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure]
Category 12 (%)
No restriction [Other air care products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin]

10.3 U.S. Production

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: 100,000 - <500,000 lb

2018: 100,000 - <500,000 lb

2017: <1,000,000 lb

2016: <1,000,000 lb

10.4 General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
  • All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
  • Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
  • All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-: ACTIVE

11 Safety and Hazards

11.1 Hazards Identification

11.1.1 GHS Classification

1 of 2
View All
Pictogram(s)
Irritant
Signal
Warning
GHS Hazard Statements

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P261, P264+P265, P272, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2025 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

11.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Skin Sens. 1 (100%)

Eye Irrit. 2 (100%)

Eye irritation - category 2A

Skin sensitisation - category 1

11.1.3 Hazards Summary

A severe eye and moderate skin irritant; Causes cutaneous sensitization in 3-day intermittent dermal studies of mice; [RTECS] Fragrance ingredient that is a recognized contact allergen in consumers; [EC: SCCNFP] Safe when used as a flavoring agent in food; [JECFA] Contained in fragrance mix; [Kanerva, p. 1803] An irritant; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS] See Citronellal.
Kanerva - Rustemeyer L, Elsner P, John SM, Maibach HI (eds). Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology, 2nd Ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2012., p. 1803

11.2 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-
California Safe Cosmetics Program (CSCP) Reportable Ingredient

Hazard Traits - Fragrance Allergen

Authoritative List - Annex III of the EU Cosmetics Regulation No. 1223/2009 - Fragrance Allergens

Report - if present in a rinse-off cosmetic product at a concentration at or above 0.01 percent (100 parts per million) or in a leave-on cosmetic product at a concentration at or above 0.001 percent (10 parts per million)

REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Hydroxycitronellal: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

11.3 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-: Human health tier II assessment

IMAP assessments - Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-: Environment tier I assessment

12 Toxicity

12.1 Toxicological Information

12.1.1 Adverse Effects

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

12.1.2 Acute Effects

13 Associated Disorders and Diseases

Associated Occupational Diseases with Exposure to the Compound
Contact dermatitis, allergic [Category: Skin Disease]

14 Literature

14.1 Consolidated References

14.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

14.3 Springer Nature References

14.4 Thieme References

14.5 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

14.6 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

14.7 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

15 Patents

15.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

15.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

15.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

15.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

15.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

16 Interactions and Pathways

16.1 Chemical-Target Interactions

17 Biological Test Results

17.1 BioAssay Results

18 Taxonomy

The LOTUS Initiative for Open Natural Products Research: frozen dataset union wikidata (with metadata) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5794106

19 Classification

19.1 MeSH Tree

19.2 ChEBI Ontology

19.3 FDA Pharm Classes

19.4 ChemIDplus

19.5 IUPHAR / BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY Target Classification

19.6 UN GHS Classification

19.7 EPA CPDat Classification

19.8 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

19.9 EPA DSSTox Classification

19.10 Consumer Product Information Database Classification

19.11 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

19.12 LOTUS Tree

19.13 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

19.14 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

20 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAS Common Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
  3. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  4. DrugBank
    LICENSE
    Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)
    https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_use
  5. DTP/NCI
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise indicated, all text within NCI products is free of copyright and may be reused without our permission. Credit the National Cancer Institute as the source.
    https://www.cancer.gov/policies/copyright-reuse
  6. EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
    LICENSE
    The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce these documents, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. These documents may be freely distributed and used for non-commercial, scientific and educational purposes.
    https://www.epa.gov/web-policies-and-procedures/epa-disclaimers#copyright
    Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-
    https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting
  7. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-
    https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  8. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  9. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
    LICENSE
    Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
  10. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  11. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
    LICENSE
    HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications.
    http://www.hmdb.ca/citing
    7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal
    http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0031739
  12. International Fragrance Association (IFRA)
    LICENSE
    (c) The International Fragrance Association, 2007-2021. All rights reserved.
    https://ifrafragrance.org/links/copyright
  13. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
    LICENSE
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.
    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
  14. California Safe Cosmetics Program (CSCP) Product Database
    Hydroxycitronellal (7-Hydroxycitronellal)
    https://cscpsearch.cdph.ca.gov/search/detailresult/2473
  15. Consumer Product Information Database (CPID)
    LICENSE
    Copyright (c) 2024 DeLima Associates. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from CPID are copyrighted by DeLima Associates. No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/contents/view/1/6
    Consumer Products Category Classification
    https://www.whatsinproducts.com/
  16. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
    LICENSE
    Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  17. ChEBI
  18. FDA Pharm Classes
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  19. LOTUS - the natural products occurrence database
    LICENSE
    The code for LOTUS is released under the GNU General Public License v3.0.
    https://lotus.nprod.net/
  20. ChEMBL
    LICENSE
    Access to the web interface of ChEMBL is made under the EBI's Terms of Use (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html). The ChEMBL data is made available on a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).
    http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html
  21. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
    LICENSE
    It is to be used only for research and educational purposes. Any reproduction or use for commercial purpose is prohibited without the prior express written permission of NC State University.
    http://ctdbase.org/about/legal.jsp
  22. Drug Gene Interaction database (DGIdb)
    LICENSE
    The data used in DGIdb is all open access and where possible made available as raw data dumps in the downloads section.
    http://www.dgidb.org/downloads
  23. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
    LICENSE
    The Guide to PHARMACOLOGY database is licensed under the Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL) https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/. Its contents are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
    https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/about.jsp#license
    Guide to Pharmacology Target Classification
    https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/targets.jsp
  24. Therapeutic Target Database (TTD)
  25. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
    LICENSE
    Copyright (c) 2022 Haz-Map(R). All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from Haz-Map are copyrighted by Haz-Map(R). No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
    https://haz-map.com/About
  26. DailyMed
  27. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
  28. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
    LICENSE
    Permission from WHO is not required for the use of WHO materials issued under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Intergovernmental Organization (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO) licence.
    https://www.who.int/about/policies/publishing/copyright
  29. EU Food Improvement Agents
  30. Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS), Safe Work Australia
  31. FDA Substances Added to Food
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  32. Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA)
  33. MassBank of North America (MoNA)
    LICENSE
    The content of the MoNA database is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
    https://mona.fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/documentation/license
  34. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
    LICENSE
    Data covered by the Standard Reference Data Act of 1968 as amended.
    https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law
    Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-
    http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist1a.cfm
  35. SpectraBase
    OCTANAL, 7-HYDROXY-3,7-DIMETHYL-
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/IZodISJ0gwu
    Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/G8VLcFALVPX
    OCTANAL, 7-HYDROXY-3,7-DIMETHYL-
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/B0Pd6iKXpNL
    3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxyoctanal
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/TTGIFGXp6V
    OCTANAL, 3,7-DIMETHYL-7-HYDROXY-,
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/6jM2Ib5bPYe
  36. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  37. MassBank Europe
  38. Metabolomics Workbench
  39. National Drug Code (NDC) Directory
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  40. NLM RxNorm Terminology
    LICENSE
    The RxNorm Terminology is created by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and is in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from NLM. Credit to the U.S. National Library of Medicine as the source is appreciated but not required. The full RxNorm dataset requires a free license.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/termsofservice.html
  41. Pharos
    LICENSE
    Data accessed from Pharos and TCRD is publicly available from the primary sources listed above. Please respect their individual licenses regarding proper use and redistribution.
    https://pharos.nih.gov/about
  42. Springer Nature
  43. Thieme Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The Thieme Chemistry contribution within PubChem is provided under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  44. Wikidata
  45. Wikipedia
  46. PubChem
  47. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
    LICENSE
    Works produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  48. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  49. EPA Substance Registry Services
  50. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  51. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
CONTENTS