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Disodium hydrogen phosphate

PubChem CID
24203
Structure
Disodium hydrogen phosphate_small.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • 7558-79-4
  • Sodium phosphate dibasic
  • Disodium hydrogen phosphate
  • Disodium hydrogenorthophosphate
  • DISODIUM PHOSPHATE
Molecular Weight
141.959 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-06-24
  • Modify:
    2025-01-04
Description
Sodium phosphate, dibasic appears as a colorless to white crystalline solid. Soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used as a fertilizer, in pharmaceuticals, in food processing, and for many other uses.
Disodium hydrogenphosphate is a sodium phosphate.
SODIUM PHOSPHATE is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 1957 and is indicated for constipation and has 2 investigational indications.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Disodium hydrogen phosphate.png

1.2 3D Status

Conformer generation is disallowed since MMFF94s unsupported element, mixture or salt

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

disodium;hydrogen phosphate
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/2Na.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

Na2HPO4
HO4PNa2
HNa2O4P
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

7558-79-4

10039-32-4

7558-79-4

10140-65-5

2.3.3 Deprecated CAS

1374442-71-3, 148560-76-3
1374442-71-3

2.3.4 European Community (EC) Number

231-448-7

2.3.5 UNII

2.3.6 ChEBI ID

2.3.7 ChEMBL ID

2.3.8 DrugBank ID

2.3.9 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.10 FEMA Number

2.3.11 HMDB ID

2.3.12 ICSC Number

2.3.13 KEGG ID

2.3.14 NCI Thesaurus Code

2.3.15 Nikkaji Number

2.3.16 RXCUI

2.3.17 Wikidata

2.3.18 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • dibasic sodium phosphate, anhydrous
  • disodium acid phosphate
  • disodium hydrogen phosphate
  • disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous
  • monosodium dihydrogen phosphate
  • neutral sodium hydrogen phosphate
  • phosphoric acid, disodium salt
  • phosphoric acid, disodium salt, 32P-labeled
  • phosphoric acid, disodium salt, anhydrous
  • phosphoric acid, disodium salt, dodecahydrate
  • phosphoric acid, disodium salt, heptahydrate
  • phosphoric acid, monosodium salt
  • phosphoric acid, monosodium salt, anhydrous
  • phosphoric acid, sodium (2:3) salt
  • phosphoric acid, sodium salt
  • phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
  • phosphoric acid, trisodium salt , 32P-labeled
  • phosphoric acid, trisodium salt , dodecahydrate
  • sodium biphosphate
  • sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate
  • sodium dihydrogen phosphate
  • sodium hydrophosphate
  • sodium phosphate
  • sodium phosphate monobasic anhydrous
  • sodium phosphate, dibasic
  • sodium phosphate, dibasic (anhydrous)
  • sodium phosphate, disodium salt
  • sodium phosphate, monobasic
  • sodium phosphate, monobasic anhydrous
  • sodium phosphate, tribasic
  • sodium phosphate, tribasic, dodecahydrate
  • trisodium phosphate
  • trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
141.959 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
4
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
141.94078407 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
141.94078407 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
83.4 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
7
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
46.5
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
3
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Sodium phosphate, dibasic appears as a colorless to white crystalline solid. Soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used as a fertilizer, in pharmaceuticals, in food processing, and for many other uses.
Pellets or Large Crystals; Liquid; Dry Powder; Other Solid
Anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate is a white, hygroscopic, odourless powder. Hydrated forms available include the dihydrate: a white crystalline, odourless solid; the heptahydrate: white, odourless, efflorescent crystals or granular powder; and the dodecahydrate: white, efflorescent, odourless powder or crystals
Colorless or white hygroscopic solid; [Hawley] White powder; [MSDSonline]
WHITE OR COLOURLESS HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS OR POWDER.

3.2.2 Color / Form

Colorless, translucent crystals or white powder.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1153
White, hygroscopic powder
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-90

3.2.3 Odor

NONE
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

3.2.4 Taste

Saline taste
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1153

3.2.5 Melting Point

MP: loses H2O at 92.5 °C; Specific gravity: 2.066 at 15 °C /Disodium phosphate dihydrate/
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1153
Translucent crystals or granules; readily loses 5 mols of water on exposure to air at ordinary temp. Melting point 34-35 °C (when it contains the full 12 mols of H2O). Specific gravity 1.5. Soluble in 3 parts water; practically insoluble in alcohol. Aqueous solution is alkaline, pH=9.5. /Dodecahydrate/
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1488

3.2.6 Solubility

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol
Colorless crystals; 11.8 G sol in 100 cc water at 25 °C /Disodium phosphate heptahydrate/
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 4-87
100 g sol in 100 ml water at 50 °C; 117 g sol in 100 ml water at 80 °C. /Disodium phosphate dihydrate/
Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 69th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1988-1989., p. B-132
11.8 g sol in 100 ml water at 25 °C /Disodium phosphate dodecahydrate/
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 4-87
11.8 g/100 g water at 25 °C
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-90
Soluble in 8 parts water, much more soluble in hot water. Solubility per 100 gal water increases from 14 lbs at slightly >0 °C to over 900 lbs at 95 °C. Insoluble in alcohol. /Anhydrous/
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1488
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 7.7

3.2.7 Density

1.8 to 2.5 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
approx 1.7 g/cu cm
Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-90
Density 1.679, loses 5H2O at 48 °C /Disodium phosphate heptahydrate/
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1153
MP 35 °C, density 1.5235, readily loses 12H2O at 100 °C /Disodium phosphate dodecahydrate/
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1153
0.5-1.2 g/cm³

3.2.8 LogP

-5.8 (calculated)

3.2.9 Stability / Shelf Life

On exposure to air, it absorbs 2-7 moles water depending on humidity and temperature.
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 1239
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 1239
Readily loses 5 mols water on exposure to air at ordinary temp. /Disodium Phosphate Dodecahydrate/
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 1239

3.2.10 Decomposition

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /phosphorous and sodium oxides/.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3274
~250 °C

3.2.11 pH

Between 8,4 and 9,6 (1 % solution)
pH = 9.1 for 1% aq soln at 25 °C
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1488

3.2.12 Refractive Index

Rhombic bispheroidal crystals; Index of refraction: 1.463 /Disodium phosphate dihydrate/
Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 69th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1988-1989., p. B-132

3.2.13 Dissociation Constants

pKa1 = 2.15; pKa2 = 6.83; pKa3 = 12.38 (phosphoric acid), all at 25 °C
Sigma-Aldrich; Sodium phosphate dibasic. S9763. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO. Available from, as of Nov 30, 2006: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIAL/S9763

3.2.14 Other Experimental Properties

Hygroscopic; converted to sodium pyrophosphate at about 240 °C.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1153
Colorless, rhombic or monoclinic, white powder; 87.4 g sol in 100 cc water at 80 °C; Index of refraction: 1.432, 1.436, 1.437; efflorescent /Disodium phosphate dodecahydrate/
Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 69th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1988-1989., p. B-132
Hygroscopic. On exposure to air will absorb from 2 to 7 mols of water depending on the temperature and humidity.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1488
Crystals or granular powder. Stable in the air. Specific gravity 1.7. Soluble in 4 parts water, more soluble in boiling water; practically insoluble in alcohol. The aqueous solution is alkaline, pH=9.5. /Heptahydrate/
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1488

3.3 Chemical Classes

Metals -> Phosphates, Metallic Salts

3.3.1 Drugs

3.3.1.1 Human Drugs
Human drug -> Active ingredient (SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, ANHYDROUS)
Human drug -> Active ingredient (SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC)
3.3.1.2 Animal Drugs
Pharmaceuticals -> UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate List
S104 | UKVETMED | UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate's List | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7802119

3.3.2 Cosmetics

Cosmetic ingredients (Disodium Phosphate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)
Buffering
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

3.3.3 Food Additives

ANTICAKING AGENT OR FREE-FLOW AGENT, ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, DRYING AGENT, EMULSIFIER OR EMULSIFIER SALT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, MALTING OR FERMENTING AID, PH CONTROL AGENT, STABILIZER OR THICKENER, TEXTURIZER -> FDA Substance added to food

4 Spectral Information

4.1 IR Spectra

4.1.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
KBr WAFER
Source of Sample
J. T. Baker Chemical Company
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker Tensor 27 FT-IR
Technique
KBr1
Source of Spectrum
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Source of Sample
Alfa Aesar, Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog Number
13437
Lot Number
K21Y033
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.1.2 ATR-IR Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker Tensor 27 FT-IR
Technique
ATR-Neat (DuraSamplIR II)
Source of Spectrum
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Source of Sample
TCI Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd.
Catalog Number
13437
Lot Number
K21Y033
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
219886
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.2 Raman Spectra

1 of 2
Instrument Name
Thermo Nicolet FT-Raman 960
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Sample
Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.
Copyright
Copyright © 2003-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Instrument Name
Bruker MultiRAM Stand Alone FT-Raman Spectrometer
Technique
FT-Raman
Source of Spectrum
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Source of Sample
Alfa Aesar, Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog Number
13437
Lot Number
K21Y033
Copyright
Copyright © 2016-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

6 Chemical Vendors

7 Drug and Medication Information

7.1 Drug Indication

Used to treat constipation or to clean the bowel before a colonoscopy.

7.2 FDA Approved Drugs

7.3 FDA Orange Book

7.4 FDA National Drug Code Directory

7.5 Drug Labels

Active ingredient and drug
Homeopathic product and label
Active ingredient and drug
Active ingredient and drug

7.6 Clinical Trials

7.6.1 ClinicalTrials.gov

7.7 Therapeutic Uses

Cathartics
National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)
Sodium Phosphates Injection, USP, ... is indicated as a source of phosphorus, for addition to large volume intravenous fluids, to prevent or correct hypophosphatemia in patients with restricted or no oral intake. It is also useful as an additive for preparing specific parenteral fluid formulas when the needs of the patient cannot be met by standard electrolyte or nutrient solutions. /Included in US product label/
US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Sodium Phosphates (Sodium Phosphate) Injection (June 2006). Available from, as of March 20, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=1758
Visicol tablets are indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults 18 years of age or older. /Included in US product label/
US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for VISICOL (sodium phosphate, monobasic, monohydrate and sodium phosphate, dibasic anhydrous) tablet (November 2008). Available from, as of March 20, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=1758
Although sodium and/or potassium phosphates have been used in the treatment of hypercalcemia, USP medical advisory panels do not recommend this use since these medications have been replaced by safer and more effective agents. /Phosphates/
Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006., p. 2453
For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

7.8 Drug Warnings

/BOXED WARNING/ There have been rare, but serious reports of acute phosphate nephropathy in patients who received oral sodium phosphate products for colon cleansing prior to colonoscopy. Some cases have resulted in permanent impairment of renal function and some patients required long-term dialysis. While some cases have occurred in patients without identifiable risk factors, patients at increased risk of acute phosphate nephropathy may include those with increased age, hypovolemia, increased bowel transit time (such as bowel obstruction), active colitis, or baseline kidney disease, and those using medicines that affect renal perfusion or function (such as diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and possibly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)).
US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Osmoprep (sodium phosphate, monobasic, monohydrate, sodium phosphate, dibasic anhydrous) tablet (Updated: March 2013). Available from, as of April 24, 2015: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b46c0b17-c49b-4791-913f-3e6e1fdbe88e
FDA has become aware of reports of acute phosphate nephropathy, a type of acute kidney injury, associated with the use of oral sodium phosphate products (OSP) for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy or other procedures. These products include the prescription products, Visicol and OsmoPrep, and OSPs available over-the-counter without a prescription as laxatives (e.g., Fleet Phospho-soda). In some cases when used for bowel cleansing, these serious adverse events have occurred in patients without identifiable factors that would put them at risk for developing acute kidney injury. We cannot rule out, however, that some of these patients were dehydrated prior to ingestion of OSPs or they did not drink sufficient fluids after ingesting OSP. Acute phosphate nephropathy is a form of acute kidney injury that is associated with deposits of calcium-phosphate crystals in the renal tubules that may result in permanent renal function impairment. Acute phosphate nephropathy is a rare, serious adverse event that has been associated with the use of OSPs. The occurrence of these events was previously described in an Information for Healthcare Professionals sheet and an FDA Science Paper issued in May 2006. Additional cases of acute phosphate nephropathy have been reported to FDA and described in the literature since these were issued. Individuals who appear to have an increased risk of acute phosphate nephropathy following the use of OSPs include persons: who are over age 55; who are hypovolemic or have decreased intravascular volume; who have baseline kidney disease, bowel obstruction, or active colitis; and who are using medications that affect renal perfusion or function (such as diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs], and possibly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]). As a result of new safety information received, FDA is requiring the manufacturer of Visicol and OsmoPrep, the two OSPs available by prescription only, to add a Boxed Warning to the labeling for these products. FDA is also requiring that the manufacturer develop and implement a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS), which will include a Medication Guide, to ensure that the benefits of these products outweigh the risk of acute phosphate nephropathy, and to conduct a postmarketing clinical trial to further assess the risk of acute kidney injury with use of these products.
FDA/CDER; FDA Alert: Oral Sodium Phosphate (OSP) Products for Bowel Cleansing (marketed as Visicol and OsmoPrep, and oral sodium phosphate products available without a prescription) (12/11/2008). Available from: https://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/OSP_solution/default.htm as of March 20,2009.
This phosphate should not be confused with tribasic sodium phosphate which is very alkaline and has caustic action.
Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980., p. 745
Oral administration is safer, but careful monitoring of serum electrolyte levels and renal function is necessary. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur and may be dose dependent. Concomitant use of antacids containing aluminum and/or magnesium should be avoided, because they may bind phosphate and prevent it absorption (calcium antacids also may bind phosphate, and it is assumed that these agents are not given to hypercalcemic patients). /Monobasic or dibasic sodium or potassium phosphate/
American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed. Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986., p. 897
For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (57 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

7.9 Drug Idiosyncrasies

The most common adverse effect of phosphate salts is diarrhea. Patients with kidney stones may pass old stones when phosphate therapy is started and should be warned of this possibility. Phosphates are contraindicated in patients with infected stones and in those with renal function less than 30% of normal. /Orthophosphates/
American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed. Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986., p. 584

7.10 Reported Fatal Dose

The estimated fatal dose of sodium phosphates is 50 g.
Dreisbach, R.H. Handbook of Poisoning. 12th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange, 1987., p. 212

8 Food Additives and Ingredients

8.1 Food Additive Classes

JECFA Functional Classes
Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; EMULSIFIER; TEXTURIZER; THICKENER;

8.2 FDA Substances Added to Food

Used for (Technical Effect)
ANTICAKING AGENT OR FREE-FLOW AGENT, ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, DRYING AGENT, EMULSIFIER OR EMULSIFIER SALT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, MALTING OR FERMENTING AID, PH CONTROL AGENT, STABILIZER OR THICKENER, TEXTURIZER
FEMA Number
2398
GRAS Number
3

8.3 Evaluations of the Joint FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives - JECFA

Chemical Name
DISODIUM ACID PHOSPHATE
Evaluation Year
1982
Comments
Group MTDI for phosphorus from all sources, expressed as P
Tox Monograph

9 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

9.1 Pharmacodynamics

Sodium phosphate inceases fecal water content to increase mobility through the large intestine.

9.2 Bionecessity

Phosphate is a major intracellular anion which participates in providing energy for metabolism of substances and contributes to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in almost all organs and tissues. Phosphate exerts a modifying influence on calcium concentrations, a buffering effect on acid-base equilibrium, and has a major role in the renal excretion of hydrogen ions. /Phosphate/
McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). AHFS Drug Information 90. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Inc., 1990 (Plus Supplements 1990)., p. 1420
For /adults/ approximately 200 to 400 mg (6.5 to 13 mM) of phosphorus is required daily for maintenance, but larger amounts are often needed when initiating total parenteral nutrition to maintain the serum phosphate level above 2.5 mg/dL.
American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed. Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986., p. 864
A prominent component of all body tissues, phosphorus participates in bone deposition, regulation of calcium metabolism, buffering effects on acid-base equilibrium and various enzyme systems. /Phosphate/
Novak, K.M. (ed.). Drug Facts and Comparisons 59th Edition 2005. Wolters Kluwer Health. St. Louis, Missouri 2005., p. 126
In extracellular fluid, the bulk of phosphate exists in inorganic form as the 2 constituents, NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4; the ratio of disodium to monosodium phosphate is 4:1 at pH 7.4. This ratio varies with pH; however, due to its relatively low concn, phosphate contributes little to the buffering capacity of extracellular fluid ... A reduction of plasma phosphate concn permits the presence of more Ca+2 in the blood without mineral pptn.
Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B., A.G. Gilman. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1721
For more Bionecessity (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption
Tmax for phosphate absorption with orally administered liquid sodium phosphate is 1-3h.
... Phosphates (dibasic and monobasic sodium phosphate) are slowly and incompletely absorbed. /Dibasic and Monobasic Sodium phosphate/
Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-83
Net phosphorus absorption may occur in the small intestine in some species but is primarily a function of the colon in horses. /Phosphorus/
Booth, N.H., L.E. McDonald (eds.). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 5th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1982., p. 640
Elimination: Renal (90%) and fecal (10%). /Phosphates/
Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006., p. 2453
Ingested phosphates are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. However, the presence of large amounts of calcium or aluminum may lead to formation of insoluble phosphate and reduce the net absorption. Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption. /Phosphates/
Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006., p. 2453
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.4 Mechanism of Action

Sodium phosphate is thought to work by increasing the amount of solute present in the intestinal lumen thereby creating an osmotic gradient which draws water into the lumen.
At the renal distal tubule, the secretion of hydrogen by the tubular cell in exchange for sodium in the tubular urine converts dibasic phosphate salts to monobasic phosphate salts. Therefore, large amounts of acid can be excreted without lowering the pH of the urine to a degree that would block hydrogen transport by a high concentration gradient between the tubular cell and luminal fluid. /Phosphates/
Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006., p. 2453

10 Use and Manufacturing

10.1 Uses

Cosmetic Ingredient Review Link
CIR ingredient: Disodium Phosphate
EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125
Sources/Uses
Used as emulsifier and buffer in foods and pharmaceuticals, metal phosphatising/electroplating reagent, scale inhibitor (boiling water treatment), textile/leather auxiliary, sequestrant, mordant in dyeing, fireproofing agent, reagent and buffer in analytical chemistry, cathartic, and veterinary laxative; Also used for weighting silk and in pottery glazes/porcelain/enamels, tanning, and soldering/brazing (instead of borax); [HSDB] Used in fertilizers, galvanoplastics, and as a dietary supplement; [Hawley]
Hawley - Lewis RJ. _Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, _15th Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure

Brazing [Category: Heat or Machine]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]

Soldering [Category: Heat or Machine]

Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing) [Category: Industry]

Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]

Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing) [Category: Industry]

Activities with risk of exposure

Ceramics making [Category: Hobbies]

Enameling [Category: Hobbies]

For Disodium phosphate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 076403) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System's USEPA/OPP Chemical Ingredients Database on Disodium phosphate (7558-79-4). Available from, as of March 17, 2009: https://npirspublic.ceris.purdue.edu/ppis/
The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."
USEPA/OPP; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration and Special Review p.318 (Spring, 1998) EPA 738-R-98-002
Alone or combined with monosodium phosphate is used to make starch for instant puddings and pie fillings.
Toy ADF, Walsh EN; Phosphorus Chemistry in Everyday Living 2nd ed p.55 (1987)
Emulsifier (processed cheese, quick-cook cereals, pharmaceuticals); metal phosphatising/electroplating reagent); pottery glazes/porcelain/enamels; scale inhibitor (boiling water treatment); textile/leather auxiliary.
Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994., p. 363
For more Uses (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.1.1 Use Classification

Food additives
Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients
Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; EMULSIFIER; TEXTURIZER; THICKENER; -> JECFA Functional Classes
Hazard Classes and Categories ->
Cosmetics -> Buffering
S13 | EUCOSMETICS | Combined Inventory of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (2000) and Revised Inventory (2006) | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2624118

10.1.2 Industry Uses

  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
  • Laboratory chemicals
  • Surface modifier
  • Processing aids, not otherwise listed
  • Softener and conditioner
  • Soil amendments (fertilizers)
  • Other
  • Processing aids not otherwise specified
  • Corrosion inhibitor

10.1.3 Consumer Uses

  • Corrosion inhibitor
  • Soil amendments (fertilizers)
  • Softener and conditioner
  • Laboratory chemicals
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents

10.1.4 Household Products

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products

Information on 238 consumer products that contain Disodium phosphate in the following categories is provided:

• Auto Products

• Commercial / Institutional

• Inside the Home

• Personal Care

• Pet Care

10.2 Methods of Manufacturing

By precipitating calcium carbonate from a solution of dicalcium phosphate with soda ash.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1153
By treating phosphoric acid with a slight excess of soda ash, boiling the solution to drive off carbon dioxide and cooling to permit the dodecahydrate to crystallize.
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1153
... The disodium /phosphate/ is produced from phosphoric acid and sodium carbonate.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 2:597
Sodium monophosphates are usually produced by neutralization of phosphoric acid with soda ash or caustic soda. The latter is predominantly used in Germany, while in the United States, the less expensive soda ash prevails. The basicity of sodium carbonate is insufficient for the formation of trisodium phosphate, so that caustic soda must be used in this step. The phosphates crystallize from the solutions as hydrates and are separated by centrifugation. Anhydrous salts are obtained by dehydration in rotary dryers or directly from the solutions by spray drying or in rotary kilns. Both thermal phosphoric acid and the cheaper wet phosphoric acid are used as starting materials. The very pure thermal phosphoric acid is generally used in the production of food-grade phosphates. /Sodium monophosphates/
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 6th ed.Vol 1: Federal Republic of Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 2003 to Present, p. V26 145 (2003)
Both thermal and purified wet phosphoric acid are used in production. In a process developed in the 1980s, acidic phosphate solution (CaHPO4 in the presence of H3PO4) is treated with NaHSO4, whereby purification occurs through precipitation of gypsum. Neutralization with NaOH is carried out in a second stage. Salts are obtained from the neutralized solutions by evaporation, crystallization, and centrifugation. The desired hydrate is obtained by appropriate temperature control. The anhydrous product is also produced by dehydration of the solution in a spray drying tower. Careful temperature control is required to avoid formation of tetrasodium diphosphate.
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 6th ed.Vol 1: Federal Republic of Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 2003 to Present, p. V26 146 (2009)

10.3 Formulations / Preparations

Sodium Phosphates Injection, USP, 3 mM P/mL (millimoles/mL)... Each mL contains 276 mg of monobasic sodium phosphate, monohydrate and 142 mg of dibasic sodium phosphate, anhydrous (equivalent to 268 mg of dibasic sodium phosphate, heptahydrate). ... It contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer.
US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Sodium Phosphates (Sodium Phosphate) Injection (June 2006). Available from, as of March 20, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=1758

Sodium Phosphate preparations: (AHFS, 2009)

Table: Sodium Phosphate preparations: (AHFS, 2009)

Route
Oral
Dosage Form
Tablet
Strength
Dibasic Sodium Phosphate (anhydrous) 0.398 g with Monobasic Sodium Phosphate (monohydrate) 1.102 g
Brand or Generic Name (Manufacturer)
OsmoPrep (Salix)
Route
Oral
Dosage Form
Tablet
Strength
Dibasic Sodium Phosphate (anhydrous) 0.398 g with Monobasic Sodium Phosphate (monohydrate) 1.102 g
Brand or Generic Name (Manufacturer)
Visicol (Salix)
Route
Rectal
Dosage Form
Solution
Strength
Dibasic Sodium Phosphate 60 mg/mL with Monobasic Sodium Phosphate 160 mg/mL
Brand or Generic Name (Manufacturer)
Fleet Enema (Fleet)
Route
Rectal
Dosage Form
Solution
Strength
Dibasic Sodium Phosphate 60 mg/mL with Monobasic Sodium Phosphate 160 mg/mL
Brand or Generic Name (Manufacturer)
Fleet Pediatric Enema (Fleet)

American Society of Health System Pharmacists; AHFS Drug Information 2009. Bethesda, MD. (2009), p. 2988
Visicol (sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, USP, and sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous, USP)... Each tablet contains 1.102 grams of sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, USP and 0.398 grams of sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous, USP for a total of 1.5 grams of sodium phosphate per tablet. Inert ingredients include microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), NF; magnesium stearate, NF; and colloidal silicon dioxide, NF. Visicol is gluten-free.
US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for VISICOL (sodium phosphate, monobasic, monohydrate and sodium phosphate, dibasic anhydrous) tablet (November 2008). Available from, as of March 20, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=1758
Sodium phosphate and sodium biphosphate enema USP ... dosage forms-- enema USP: 6% sodium phosphate and 16% sodium biphosphate; sodium phosphate and sodium biphosphate oral solution USP ... dosage forms-- solution USP: 18% sodium phosphate and 48% sodium biphosphate.
Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980., p. 745
For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.4 Consumption Patterns

57-67% as a food additive, mainly as an emulsifier in processed cheese; 24-29% as an industrial and institutional detergent builder and in water treatment; 10-14% in misc applications (pharmaceuticals, cattle feed supplement, in various textile processes and for export) (1973)
SRI

10.5 U.S. Production

Aggregated Product Volume

2019: 1,000,000 - <10,000,000 lb

2018: 1,000,000 - <10,000,000 lb

2017: 1,000,000 - <10,000,000 lb

2016: 1,000,000 - <10,000,000 lb

(1972) 1.89X10+10 GRAMS
SRI
(1975) 2.18X10+10 GRAMS
SRI
(1984) 2.87X10+10 G
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS: INORGANIC CHEMICALS 1984 p.6
(1990) >10 thousand-500 thousand pounds
US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update Rule (IUR). Disodium Phosphate (7558-79-4). Available from, as of June 22, 2006: https://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002-vol.html
For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10.6 U.S. Exports

(1984) 1.74X10+10 G /SODIUM PHOSPHATES, NSPF/
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. U.S. EXPORTS, SCHEDULE E, 1984 p.2-93

10.7 General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
  • Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
  • Wholesale and Retail Trade
  • Miscellaneous Manufacturing
  • Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
  • All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
  • Services
  • Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
  • Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
  • Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
  • Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Incompatibilities: alkaloids, antipyrine, chloral hydrate, lead acetate, pyrogallol, resorcinol.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1488
Addition of disodium phosphate to pickle /solution for cured meat/ ... had no effect on ... Staphylococci.
Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1972., p. 714
... Gelling strength of agar gel was significantly increased by addition of 0.12-0.3% disodium phosphate.
Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1972., p. 690
... Increases binding properties of fish proteins ... .
Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1972., p. 726
For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

11 Identification

11.1 Analytic Laboratory Methods

Method: NIOSH 7300, Issue 3; Procedure: inductively coupled argon plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy (nitric/perchloric acid ashing); Analyte: phosphorus; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 3.7 ng/mL. /Phosphorus/
CDC; NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed. Phosphorus (7723-14-0). Available from, as of March 18, 2009: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/
Method: NIOSH 7301, Issue 1; Procedure: inductively coupled argon plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy (aqua regia ashing); Analyte: phosphorus; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 3.7 ng/mL. /Phosphorus/
CDC; NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed. Phosphorus (7723-14-0). Available from, as of March 18, 2009: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/
Method: NIOSH 7303, Issue 2; Procedure: inductively coupled argon plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy (hot block/HCl/HNo3 digestiion; Analyte: phosphorus; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.3 ug/mL. /Phosphorus/
CDC; NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed. Phosphorus (7723-14-0). Available from, as of March 18, 2009: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/
Method: NIOSH 7905, Issue 2; Procedure: gas chromatography, flame photometric detector (phosphorus mode); Analyte: phosphorus; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.005 ug/sample. /Phosphorus/
CDC; NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed. Phosphorus (7723-14-0). Available from, as of March 18, 2009: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/
Method: NIOSH 9102, Issue 1; Procedure: inductively coupled argon plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy; Analyte: phosphorus; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.043 ug/wipe. /Phosphorus/
CDC; NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed. Phosphorus (7723-14-0). Available from, as of March 18, 2009: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/

12 Safety and Hazards

12.1 Hazards Identification

12.1.1 GHS Classification

1 of 2
View All
Note
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 69.7% (725 of 1040) of all reports. Pictograms displayed are for 30.3% (315 of 1040) of reports that indicate hazard statements.
Pictogram(s)
Irritant
Signal
Warning
GHS Hazard Statements
H319 (30.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
Precautionary Statement Codes

P264+P265, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P317

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1040 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 725 of 1040 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 10 notifications provided by 315 of 1040 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

12.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Eye Irrit. 2 (30.3%)
Not Classified

12.1.3 Health Hazards

Inhalation of heavy dust may irritate nose and throat. Ingestion may injure mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract, resulting in nausea, vomiting, cramps and diarrhea; pain and burning in mouth may occur. Contact with eyes produces local irritation; can lead to chronic damage. Contact with skin produces local irritation; repeated or prolonged contact can lead to dermatitis. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

12.1.4 Fire Hazards

Behavior in Fire: May melt with loss of steam (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

12.1.5 Hazards Summary

A mild skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [ICSC] Emergency treatment: Inorganic phosphates; Inorganic phosphates can cause diarrhea, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia after ingestion; An adult died after receiving four sodium phosphate enemas within 24 hours; he had electrolyte abnormalities and died from cardiac arrest; [HSDB] A mild eye irritant in rabbits; [RTECS]

12.1.6 Fire Potential

Nonflammable
Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 1153

12.1.7 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Dust: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. If inhaled will cause coughing or difficult breathing. Solid: Irritating to skin and eyes.
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
A skin and eye irritant.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3274

12.2 First Aid Measures

Inhalation First Aid
Fresh air, rest.
Skin First Aid
Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.
Eye First Aid
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Ingestion First Aid
Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

12.2.1 First Aid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

12.3 Fire Fighting

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

12.3.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

If material is on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 848

12.3.2 Firefighting Hazards

Behavior in fire: May melt with loss of steam. /Sodium Phosphates/
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

12.4 Accidental Release Measures

12.4.1 Spillage Disposal

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

12.4.2 Cleanup Methods

/SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./Environmental Consideration: Land spill Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 848
Environmental Consideration: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH=7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 848

12.4.3 Disposal Methods

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

12.4.4 Preventive Measures

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
If material is not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 848
Personnel Protection: Keep upwind. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 848

12.5 Handling and Storage

12.5.1 Safe Storage

Separated from strong acids.

12.5.2 Storage Conditions

Keep well closed and in a cool place.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1488

12.6 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

12.6.1 Inhalation Risk

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

12.6.2 Effects of Short Term Exposure

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

12.6.3 Acceptable Daily Intakes

FAO/WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE ON FOOD ADDITIVES...RECOMMENDED.../LEVELS/ FOR TOTAL DIETARY PHOSPHORUS...UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE LEVEL /OF LESS THAN 30 MG/KG BODY WT/ IS CONSIDERED SAFE IN ANY TYPE OF DIET...CONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE LEVEL /OF 30-70 MG/KG BODY WT/ IS ACCEPTABLE ONLY WHEN DIETARY CALCIUM LEVEL IS HIGH /PHOSPHATES/
Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1972., p. 641

12.6.4 Allowable Tolerances

Residues of disodium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a anticaking agent, conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.
40 CFR 180.910; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 17, 2009: https://www.ecfr.gov

12.6.5 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

U.S. Bu. Mines toxic dust mask; protective gloves; chemical- type goggles; full-cover clothing (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/
International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 1684

12.6.6 Preventions

Inhalation Prevention
Use ventilation.
Skin Prevention
Protective gloves.
Eye Prevention
Wear safety goggles.
Ingestion Prevention
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

12.7 Stability and Reactivity

12.7.1 Air and Water Reactions

Soluble in water.

12.7.2 Reactive Group

Salts, Basic

12.7.3 Reactivity Profile

Strong base; corrosive towards metals e.g. aluminum and zinc. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 947].

12.8 Transport Information

12.8.1 Standard Transportation Number

49 663 80; Sodium phosphate, dibasic

12.9 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Phosphoric acid, disodium salt
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Sodium phosphate, dibasic: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

12.9.1 Clean Water Act Requirements

Sodium phosphate, dibasic is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.
40 CFR 116.4 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 17, 2009: https://www.ecfr.gov

12.9.2 CERCLA Reportable Quantities

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
40 CFR 302.4; (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 17, 2009: https://www.ecfr.gov

12.9.3 FIFRA Requirements

Residues of disodium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a anticaking agent, conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.
40 CFR 180.910 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 17, 2009: https://www.ecfr.gov
As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Sodium phosphate /disodium monohydrogen phosphate/ is found on List D. Case No: 4053; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): sodium phosphate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled.".
United States Environmental Protection Agency/ Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review. (1998) EPA 738-R-98-002, p. 318

12.9.4 FDA Requirements

Disodium phosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.
21 CFR 182.6290 (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 16, 2009: https://www.ecfr.gov
Disodium phosphate used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.
21 CFR 582.6290 (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 16, 2009: https://www.ecfr.gov
Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a multiple purpose food substance in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/
21 CFR 182.1778 (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 16, 2009: https://www.ecfr.gov
Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a sequesterant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/
21 CFR 182.6778 (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 16, 2009: https://www.ecfr.gov
For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.10 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment
IMAP assessments - Phosphoric acid, disodium salt: Human health tier I assessment

12.10.1 Special Reports

WHO; Diseases Caused by Phosphorus and Its Toxic Compounds; Early Detection of Occupational Diseases pg 53-62 (1986). Review of diseases and health related effects resulting from exposure to phosphorus or phosphorus cmpd.

13 Toxicity

13.1 Toxicological Information

13.1.1 EPA Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values

Chemical Substance
Reference Dose (RfD), Chronic
4.9 x 10^1 mg/kg-day
Reference Dose (RfD), Subchronic
4.9 x 10^1 mg/kg-day
PPRTV Assessment
Weight-Of-Evidence (WOE)
Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential
Last Revision
2011

13.1.2 RAIS Toxicity Values

Oral Chronic Reference Dose (RfDoc) (mg/kg-day)
1
Oral Chronic Reference Dose Reference
PPRTV Current
Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose (RfDos) (mg/kg-day)
4
Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose Reference
PPRTV Current

13.1.3 Symptoms

Inhalation Exposure
Cough. Sore throat.
Skin Exposure
Redness. Pain.
Ingestion Exposure
Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea.

13.1.4 Acute Effects

13.1.5 Interactions

Except for D-thyroxine, the hypocholesterolemic agents tested did not prevent the formation of cardiac lesions in rats on a thrombogenic diet, being treated with large doses of disodium phosphate.
SAVOIE LL; PATHOL-BIOL 20 (19-20): 751-5 (1972)
Disodium phosphate increased the antirachitic activity of vitamin D3 in 3 week old rats.
PACZEK K, WARDYNSKA H; ACTA POL PHARM 32 (6): 717-19 (1975)
Concurrent use with potassium and sodium phosphates combination or monobasic potassium phosphate may increase plasma concentrations of salicylates since salicylate excretion is decreased in acidified urine; addition of these phosphates to patients stabilized on a salicylate may lead to toxic salicylate concentrations.
Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006., p. 2453
Concurrent use with foods or medicines containing phosphates will decrease iron absorption because of the formation of less soluble or insoluble complexes; iron supplements should not be taken within 1 hour before or 2 hours after ingestion of phosphates. /Phosphates/
Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006., p. 2453
For more Interactions (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.1.6 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 172
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 173
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 173

13.1.7 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /Saline laxatives/ are tolerated reasonably well by most patients. However, they need to be used with caution or avoided in patients with renal insufficiency, cardiac disease, or preexisting electrolyte abnormalities and in patients on diuretic therapy. Under these circumstances, there should be monitoring for hypermagnesemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and hypocalcemia. /Saline laxatives/
Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B., A.G. Gilman. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1045
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The estimated fatal dose of sodium phosphates is 50 g. The corrosive effect is strong irritation and erythema, blistering. /Alkalies and phosphates; from table/
Dreisbach, R.H. Handbook of Poisoning. 12th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange, 1987., p. 212
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inorganic phosphate poisoning following ingestion of laxatives that contain phosphate salts has been reported in adults and children. Ingestion of large amounts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate lowers urinary pH. If excessive phosphate salts are introduced intravenously or orally, they may prove toxic by reducing the concentration of Ca 2+ in the circulation and from the precipitation of calcium phosphate in soft tissues. /Phosphate ion/ /Phospahte salt laxatives/
Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B., A.G. Gilman. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1721
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Anhydrous form may cause mild irritation to skin, mucous membranes; internally causes purging.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1489
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13.1.8 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ To elucidate the nephrotoxicity of phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate solution was given to Sprague-Dawley rats by daily bolus intravenous administration at concentrations of 0, 1, 25, 250, or 360 mM (0, 1, 28, 284, or 408 mg/kg Na2HPO4) for 14 days, and the kidneys were ... examined. There were no remarkable changes in blood chemistry values; however, urinalysis revealed mild to moderate proteinuria in the 250 and 360 mM groups. The kidneys from the 360 mM group were macroscopically pale. Histopathology revealed panglomerular deposition of basophilic dense granules, which were positive for von Kossa's staining, accompanied by dose-dependent degeneration of the glomerular epithelium and parietal epithelium in the 250 and 360 mM groups. Electron microscopic examination showed fusion of podocytes and increased microvilli, with large amounts of debris in the Bowman's space. Low-density lamellar structures were present not only in the glomerular epithelium, basement membrane, mesangial matrix and parietal epithelium but also within the Bowman's space depending on the severity of the glomerular lesion. Phosphorus and calcium were detected by X-ray microanalysis as fine particles admixed with lamellar structures. These results suggest that high-dose phosphate used in this study transiently overloads the glomerular epithelium during filtration through glomerular capillaries and produces insoluble calcium salt and glomerular lesions, resulting in proteinuria.
Tsuchiya N et al; Toxicol Pathol 32 (4): 408-12 (2004)
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ Disodium phosphate given intracerebroventricularly (ICV) in rats elicited a syndrome characterized by behavioral and EEG activation, stereotypes, hyperresponsiveness, and analgesia.
Labella F et al; Dev Neurosci (Amsterdam) 4 (Charact Funct Opioids): 361-2 (1978)
/VETERINARY ANIMALS/ Phosphate enema toxicity was diagnosed in a 7-month-old, castrated male, pygmy goat. On presentation, clinical findings included mild depression, tachycardia, tachypnea, rumen stasis, muscle tremors, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyperphosphatemia, azotemia, and metabolic acidosis. Fluid diuresis and parenteral antimicrobial therapy resulted in recovery after 3 d of treatment.
Hickman SA et al; Can Vet J 45 (10): 849-51 (2004)
/VETERINARY ANIMALS/ Application of a sodium phosphate containing enema caused life-threatening metabolic disorders in a Dachshund and two cats. Clinical signs were characterised by dehydration and various neurological deficits including seizures. Most striking laboratory abnormalities were hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and polycythemia. Despite intensive treatment the dog died, whereas the cats recovered completely. In face of possible severe and potentially fatal metabolic abnormalities sodium phosphate enemas, such as Practo-Clyss, should be used with caution or not at all in cats and small dogs.
Tomsa K et al; Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 143 (5): 257-61 (2001)

13.1.9 Human Toxicity Values

The estimated fatal dose of sodium phosphates is 50 g. The corrosive effect is strong irritation and erythema, blistering. /Alkalies and phosphates; from table/
Dreisbach, R.H. Handbook of Poisoning. 12th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange, 1987., p. 212

13.1.10 Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Rat oral 17 g/kg
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3274

13.1.11 Populations at Special Risk

/Saline laxatives/ are tolerated reasonably well by most patients. However, they need to be used with caution or avoided in patients with renal insufficiency, cardiac disease, or preexisting electrolyte abnormalities and in patients on diuretic therapy. /Saline laxatives/
Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B., A.G. Gilman. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1045
Phosphate should not be given to patients with impaired renal function or hyperphosphatemia. They should not be given to patients with alkaline urine due to urinary tract infections because increased calcium and phosphate concentrations in the alkaline urine increase the risk of calcium phosphate stones. /Monobasic or dibasic sodium or potassium phosphate/
American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed. Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986., p. 897

13.2 Ecological Information

13.2.1 Ecotoxicity Values

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Condtions: freshwater, static, 21-25 °C; Concentration: 1154 mg/L for 25 hr
Dowden BF, Bennett HJ; J Water Pollut Control Fed 37 (9): 1308-1316 (1965) Available from, as of December 23, 2008
LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Condtions: freshwater, static, 21-25 °C; Concentration: 1089 mg/L for 50 hr
Dowden BF, Bennett HJ; J Water Pollut Control Fed 37 (9): 1308-1316 (1965) Available from, as of December 23, 2008

13.2.2 US EPA Regional Screening Levels for Chemical Contaminants

Resident Soil (mg/kg)
7.80e+04
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
1.20e+06
Tapwater (ug/L)
2.00e+04
MCL (ug/L)
1.5E+01(G)
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
1.00e+00
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1

13.2.3 US EPA Regional Removal Management Levels for Chemical Contaminants

Resident Soil (mg/kg)
2.30e+05
Industrial Soil (mg/kg)
3.50e+06
Tapwater (ug/L)
6.00e+04
MCL (ug/L)
1.5E+01 (G)
Chronic Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
1.00e+00
Volatile
Volatile
Mutagen
Mutagen
Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract
1

13.2.4 Other Environmental Concentrations

In August of 1987, 30,000 gallons of sodium phosphate was spilled into the Arthur Krill waterway, NY(1).
(1) Gunster DG et al; Environ Pollut 82: 245-53 (1993)

13.2.5 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,230,592 workers (912,048 of these were female) were potentially exposed to disodium hydrogen phosphate in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to disodium hydrogen phosphate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where disodium hydrogen phosphate is produced or used(SRC).
(1) NIOSH; NOES. National Occupational Exposure Survey conducted from 1981-1983. Estimated numbers of employees potentially exposed to specific agents by 2-digit standard industrial classification (SIC). Available at https://www.cdc.gov/noes/ as of Jan 13, 2009.

14 Associated Disorders and Diseases

15 Literature

15.1 Consolidated References

15.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

15.3 Springer Nature References

15.4 Thieme References

15.5 Wiley References

15.6 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

15.7 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

15.8 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

16 Patents

16.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

16.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

16.3 FDA Orange Book Patents

16.4 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

16.5 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

16.6 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

17 Interactions and Pathways

17.1 Chemical-Target Interactions

17.2 Drug-Drug Interactions

17.3 Drug-Food Interactions

  • Take with a full glass of water.
  • Take with food.

18 Biological Test Results

18.1 BioAssay Results

19 Classification

19.1 MeSH Tree

19.2 NCI Thesaurus Tree

19.3 ChEBI Ontology

19.4 ChemIDplus

19.5 CAMEO Chemicals

19.6 ChEMBL Target Tree

19.7 UN GHS Classification

19.8 EPA CPDat Classification

19.9 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

19.10 EPA DSSTox Classification

19.11 Consumer Product Information Database Classification

19.12 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

19.13 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

19.14 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

20 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
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    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. ChemIDplus
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  4. DrugBank
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    Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:2)
    https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting
  6. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:2)
    https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  7. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  8. EPA Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs)
  9. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
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    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
    Disodium hydrogenorthophosphate
    https://chem.echa.europa.eu/100.028.590
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    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  11. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  12. ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
  13. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
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  14. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
  15. Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS)
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    https://rais.ornl.gov/
  16. EU Food Improvement Agents
  17. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
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  24. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
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    Disodium hydrogen phosphate
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    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  26. DailyMed
  27. Therapeutic Target Database (TTD)
    SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, ANHYDROUS
    https://idrblab.net/ttd/data/drug/details/D0Q4VO
  28. Drugs@FDA
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  35. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  36. KEGG
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    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/termsofservice.html
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    https://rxnav.nlm.nih.gov/id/rxnorm/314838
  40. SpectraBase
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  47. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
    LICENSE
    Works produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  48. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  49. EPA Substance Registry Services
  50. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  51. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
CONTENTS