Chromium
- CHROMIUM
- 7440-47-3
- CR
- Chrome
- Chrom
- Create:2004-09-16
- Modify:2025-01-04
- 1100298
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- 4070269
- (the list is too long and has been truncated)
- CHROMIUM
- 7440-47-3
- CR
- Chrome
- Chrom
- cromo
- Chromium, elemental
- chromium atom
- Chromium metal
- Dinakrome
- BioChrome
- Chromium, metal
- CCRIS 159
- HSDB 910
- Chromium chips
- Chromium powder
- 24Cr
- EINECS 231-157-5
- chromide(1-)
- CHEBI:28073
- CHROMIUM ION
- 0R0008Q3JB
- DTXSID3031022
- EC 231-157-5
- Chrome [French]
- Chrom [German]
- Chromium AA Standard: Cr @ 1000 microg/mL in 5% HCl
- CHROMIUM, METALLIC (IARC)
- CHROMIUM, METALLIC [IARC]
- MFCD00010944
- Sulfur-Free Chromium Concentrate: Cr @ approx. 3.5 wt% in Hydrocarbons
- 19498-56-7
- CHROMIUM ELEMENT
- Chromium Standard: Cr @ 1000 microg/mL in 5% HCl
- Chromium Standard: Cr @ 10000 microg/mL in 5% HCl
- Chromium Standard: Cr @ 1000 microg/mL in 5% HNO3
- Chromium Standard: Cr @ 10000 microg/mL in 5% HNO3
- chromium anion
- Chromium flakes
- UNII-0R0008Q3JB
- Chromium pellets
- Chromium MOF
- Chromium Nanorods
- Chromium Standard
- chromide(-I)
- Chromium Metallicum
- Chromium Nanopowder
- Chromium Nanoprisms
- Chromium crystallites
- Chromium Metal Chips
- Chromium Micro Powder
- 10A - Metals
- Chromium, ion(Cr3+)
- CHROMIUM [HSDB]
- CHROMIUM [MI]
- CHROMIUM [VANDF]
- Chromium, ion (Cr1-)
- Chromium, ion (Cr3 )
- Chromium pieces, irregular
- ALPASTE RRA 030
- ALPASTE RRA 050
- CHROMIUM [WHO-DD]
- Epitope ID:114071
- Chromium, ion (Cr 3+)
- Ultra Thin Chromium Nanofoil
- Chromium powder, -100 mesh
- Chromium powder, -200 mesh
- Chromium powder, -325 mesh
- Cr(-)
- Chromium Standard: Cr @ 10 microg/mL in 2% HNO3
- Chromium, puriss., 98.0%
- Chromium granules, -4+7 mesh
- Chromium Metal Organic Framework
- Chromium Metal-Organic Framework
- Chromium Powder, 99.5% Nano
- DTXCID1011022
- Titanium Metal Organic Framework
- CHEBI:33010
- Chromium powder, -10+20 mesh
- Chromium Standard: Cr @ 1000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil
- Chromium Standard: Cr @ 5000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil
- Chromium powder, APS <10 micron
- DTXSID401315238
- CHROMIUM FULLERIDE (CRC20)
- Chromium Hollow Cathode Lamp: 1.5" Diameter, 2-pin, Non-Coded
- Chromium Hollow Cathode Lamp: 2.0" Diameter, 4-pin, Cableless
- Chromium Hollow Cathode Lamp: 2.0" Diameter, 9-pin, Non-Coded
- Chromium powder, -100+325 mesh
- Silica (SiO2) Photoelectric Crystal
- Sulfur-Free Chromium Standard: Cr @ 1000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil
- Sulfur-Free Chromium Standard: Cr @ 5000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil
- AKOS015833211
- DB11136
- Chromium pieces, 1-25mm (0.04-1in)
- Chromium, powder, 99.5%, -100 mesh
- Q725
- Chromium pieces, 3-8mm (0.1-0.31in)
- Chromium, coating quality, 99.95%, grit
- Chromium cubes, 12.5mm (0.492in) square
- Chromium, chips, thickness ~2 mm, 99.5%
- NS00099583
- Chromium chunks, 2-15mm (0.08-0.59in)
- Chromium pieces, 3-12mm (0.12-0.47in)
- C06268
- Chromium - Cr @ 1000 microg/mL in 5% HCl
- Chromium, chips, 99.995% trace metals basis
- Chromium - Cr @ 1000 microg/mL in 5% HNO3
- Chromium pieces, 2-3mm (0.08-0.12in) thick
- Chromium, chunks, >=99.99% trace metals basis
- Chromium, bar, 100mm x 2mm x 2mm, 99.7+%
- Chromium, rod, 10mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%
- Chromium, rod, 10mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%
- Chromium, rod, 25mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%
- Chromium, rod, 25mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%
- Chromium, rod, 50mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%
- Chromium, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%
- Chromium - Cr @ 1000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil
- Chromium - Cr @ 5000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil
- Chromium cubes, typically 6.35mm (0.25in) square
- Chromium, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%
- Chromium, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%
- Chromium crystallite pieces, 2-15mm (0.08-0.59in)
- Q27115184
- Chromium, powder, >=99% trace metals basis, -325 mesh
- Chromium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 3.0mm, hard, 99.95%
- Chromium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 2.0mm, hard, 99.7+%
- Chromium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 2.0mm, hard, 99.7+%
- Chromium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 3.0mm, hard, 99.95%
- Chromium pieces, electrolytic, 6mm & down, 99.997% (metals basis)
- Chromium, rod, 0.5 mm diameter, length 50 mm, purity 99.7+%
- Chromium, rod, 1.0 mm diameter, length 50 mm, purity 99.7+%
- Chromium, rod, 8.0 mm diameter, length 100 mm, purity 99.7+%
- Chromium, rod, 8.0 mm diameter, length 50 mm, purity 99.7+%
- Chromium, rod, length 25 mm, 0.5 mm diameter, purity 99.7+%
- Chromium single crystal, 8-10mm (0.3-0.4in) dia, random orientation
- Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 10 x 10 mm, purity 99.7+%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 12.5 x 12.5 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 0.75 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, tolerance 0.2
- Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 12.5 x 12.5 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 75 x 75 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 10 g, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.95%
- Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 20 g, purity 99.95%
- Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 20 g, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.95%
- Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 99.95%
- Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 99.99%
- Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.95%
- Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 1000 g, purity 99.95%
- Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.95%
- Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 99.95%
- Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 500 g, purity 99.95%
- Chromium, powder, mean particle size <10 micron, weight 20 g, purity 99%
- Chromium, powder, mean particle size <10 micron, weight 50 g, purity 99%
- Chromium single crystal, 8-10mm (0.3-0.4in) dia, (100) orientation, +/-2 degrees
- Chromium single crystal, 8-10mm (0.3-0.4in) dia, (110) orientation, +/-2 degrees
- Chromium single crystal, 8-10mm (0.3-0.4in) dia, (111) orientation, +/-2 degrees
- Chromium sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.125in) thick
- Chromium sputtering target, 76.2mm (3.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
- Chromium, powder, <10 mean particle size (micron), weight 100 g, purity 99%
- Chromium, powder, <10 mean particle size (micron), weight 200 g, purity 99%
- Chromium, powder, 200 max. part. size (micron), weight 200 g, purity 99.0+%
- Chromium, powder, 200 max. part. size (micron), weight 2000 g, purity 99.0+%
- Chromium, powder, 200 max. part. size (micron), weight 50 g, purity 99.0+%
- Chromium, powder, 38 max. part. size (micron), weight 100 g, purity 99.0+%
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 200 micron, weight 100 g, purity 99.+%
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 200 micron, weight 1000 g, purity 99.+%
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 200 micron, weight 500 g, purity 99.+%
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 1000 g, purity 99.+%
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 200 g, purity 99.+%
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 50 g, purity 99.+%
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 500 g, purity 99.+%
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 100 g, min. particle size 38 micron
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 200 g, min. particle size 38 micron
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 50 g, min. particle size 38 micron
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 500 g, min. particle size 38 micron
- Chromium single crystal disc, 10mm (0.39in) dia, 1-3mm (0.04-0.1in) thick, (100) orientation, +/-0.5 degrees
- Chromium single crystal disc, 10mm (0.39in) dia, 1-3mm (0.04-0.1in) thick, (110) orientation, +/-0.5 degrees
- Chromium single crystal disc, 10mm (0.39in) dia, 1-3mm (0.04-0.1in) thick, (111) orientation, +/-0.5 degrees
- Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.025mum, specific density 18.21mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
- Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.05mum, specific density 37.27mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
- Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.25mum, specific density 178.7mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
- Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.5mum, specific density 355mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
- Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 1.0mum, specific density 719mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
- Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.05mum, specific density 37.27mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
- Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.25mum, specific density 178.7mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
- Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.5mum, specific density 355mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
- Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 1.0mum, specific density 719mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
- Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 1000 g, min. particle size 38 micron
- Chromium, sputtering target, diam. x thickness 3.00 in. x 0.125 in., 99.95% trace metals basis
- thermal expansion coefficient
- electron density of states
- dielectric constant
- electromagnetic induction
- optical coefficient
- crystal structure
- fusion temperature
- Debye frequency
- isoelectronic shift
- deformation parameter
- dielectricity
- diffusion
- enthalpy
- critical exponent
- radiation
- electrode potential
- isothermal section
- Q value
- Gibbs energy
- Lorenz number
- impurity solubility
- Wyckoff sequence
- phase equilibrium
- lattice strain
- positional coordinate
- hole conductivity
- absorption coefficient
- spectral factor
- work function
- kinetic properties
- temperature-composition section
- orbital angular momentum
- space group
- Moessbauer effect
- phase diagram
- unit cell parameter
- ion scattering spectroscopy
- melting temperature
- binding energy
- electron diffraction
- heat capacity
- neutron binding energy
- dissociation energy
- electronic structure
- photon energy
- surface magnetization
- half-width
- spin-wave properties
- sound velocity
- capacitance
- reflectance
- photoemission spectroscopy
- crystallographic data
- excitation energy
- transition enthalpy
- displacement parameter
- spin order
- LEED
- atomic radius
- structural transition temperature
- surface anisotropy
- nearest-neighbor distance
- electron energy level
- sound propagation
- isotopic spin
- spin
- neutron resonance energy
- magnetocrystalline anisotropy coefficient
- concentration
- isomer shift
- high frequency properties
- Curie temperature
- antiferromagnetic Neel temperature
- magnetostriction
- magnetic phase diagram
- sound absorption
- phase transition
- magnetic structure
- branching ratio
- frequency shift
- lineshape
- vibrational properties
- self-diffusion
- diffusion of impurities
- cyclic voltammetry
- Moessbauer quadrupole effect
- impurity concentration
- film energy band
- nuclear spin
- boiling point
- Pearson symbol
- magnetic moment
- band structure
- formation entropy
- electronic surface structure
- exchange current density
- X-ray diffraction
- fluorescence
- interplanar spacing
- surface structure
- magnetic susceptibility
- plasticity
- natural abundance
- cross section
- electron spin resonance
- helium atom scattering
- surface diffusion
- coordination distance
- photoemission
- atomic environment
- antiferromagnetism
- atomic mass
- phase stability
- cell voltage
- transition entropy
- liquidus surface
- formation enthalpy
- pressure coefficient
- surface charge
- atomic defect properties
- thermopower
- reflection high-energy electron diffraction
- nucleon separation energy
- corrosion
- Knight shift
- electric conductivity
- density
- surface state
- volume coefficient
- resonance cross-section
- mechanical strain
- superconductivity
- stress
- polarizability
- crystal structure type
- melting transition
- electron scattering
- elastic scattering
- ionization coefficient
- surface determination
- paramagnetism
- adsorbate coverage
- magnetic properties
- diamagnetic susceptibility
- incommensurability parameter
- Fermi energy
- formation energy
- resonance parameter
- energy level
- interaxial ratio
- formula unit
- unit cell axes
- electron state
- compressibility
- structure type
- nuclear properties
- heat of sublimation
- refractive index
- rate of conversion
- transition pressure
- elasticity
- radiative width
- entropy
- spin density wave state
- magnetization
- stability
- defect concentration
- activity
- surface energy
- relaxation
- parity
- shear modulus
- thermal expansion
- shock waves
- electrical resistivity
- strain dependence
- composition
- solidus surface
- thermal conductivity
- unit cell
- phonon dispersion
- relative wavevector
- gamma-ray transition
- spin flip cross section
- site multiplicity
- Drude parameter
- nuclear magnetic resonance
- magnetic transition
- scanning tunneling microscopy
- Tobacco Leaf (part of)
- Calcium; chromium; magnesium; manganese; zinc (component of)
- Arsenic trioxide; cadmium; chromium; copper; lead; lycopodium clavatum spore; mercury; nickel; plantago major whole; zinc (component of)
- Acetone; aluminum; antimony trisulfide; arsenic; barium chloride dihydrate; cadmium; chlorine; chromium; copper; germanium; glyphosate; iron; lead; phenol; radium bromide; sodium fluoride; vanadium (component of)
- Chionanthus virginicus root bark; chromium; chromium picolinate; cinnamon; fenugreek seed; gymnema sylvestre leaf; herring sperm dna; hexaplex trunculus hypobranchial gland juice; insulin human; lycopodium clavatum spore; phosphoric acid; phosphorus; pork liver; rhus aromatica root bark; silver nitrate; sulfur; sus scrofa pancreas; syzygium cumini seed; uranyl nitrate hexahydrate; vanadium; zinc (component of)
- Aluminum; antimony trisulfide; arctium lappa root; arsenic trioxide; avena sativa flowering top; barium carbonate; berberis vulgaris root bark; beryllium; bismuth; boron; bromine; cadmium; cerium; cesium chloride; chromium; cobalt; copper; dysprosium; erbium; europium; gadolinium; garlic; germanium sesquioxide; gold; holmium; indium; iron; lanthanum; lead; lithium carbonate; lycopodium clavatum spore; magnesium; manganese; mercurius solubilis; molybdenum; neodymium oxide; nickel; niobium; osmium; palladium; phytolacca americana root; platinum; praseodymium; rhodium; rubidium nitrite; samarium; selenium; silver; solidago virgaurea flowering top; strontium carbonate; strychnos nux-vomica seed; tantalum; terbium; thallium; tin; uranyl nitrate hexahydrate; vanadium; ytterbium oxide; zinc (component of)
- Activated charcoal; aluminum; american ginseng; antimony; arsenic triiodide; avena sativa flowering top; barium; barium carbonate; beryllium; bismuth; boron; bromine; calcium; cerium; cesium; chloride ion; chromium; cobalt; copper; dysprosium; erbium; europium; fluoride ion; gadolinium; gallium; germanium; ginkgo; gold; hafnium; holmium; indium; iodine; iridium; iron; lanthanum; lithium; lutetium; magnesium; manganese; molybdenum; neodymium; nickel; niobium; osmium; palladium; phosphorus; platinum; potassium; praseodymium; rhenium; rhodium; rubidium; ruthenium; samarium; scandium; selenium; silicon; silicon dioxide; silver; sodium; strontium; sulfur; tantalum; tellurium; terbium; thallium; thorium; thulium; thyroid; tin; titanium; tungsten; vanadium; ytterbium; yttrium; zinc; zirconium (component of)
- Aluminum; antimony trisulfide; arctium lappa root; arsenic trioxide; barium carbonate; berberis vulgaris root bark; beryllium; bismuth; boron; bromine; cadmium; cerium; cesium; chromium; cobalt; copper; dysprosium; erbium; europium; frangula alnus bark; gadolinium; garlic; germanium sesquioxide; glycyrrhiza glabra; gold; holmium; iridium; iron; lanthanum; lead; lithium carbonate; lycopodium clavatum spore; magnesium; manganese; mercurius solubilis; methionine; molybdenum; neodymium oxide; nickel; niobium; osmium; palladium; phytolacca americana root; platinum; praseodymium; rhodium; rubidium nitrite; samarium; selenium; selenium dioxide; silver; stillingia sylvatica root; strontium carbonate; strychnos nux-vomica seed; sus scrofa thyroid; tantalum; terbium; thallium; tin; trifolium pratense flower; uranyl nitrate hexahydrate; vanadium; ytterbium oxide; zinc (component of)
- alpha-KETOGLUTARIC ACID; ALFALFA; ALUMINUM; ANTIMONY TRISULFIDE; ARNICA MONTANA; ARSENIC TRIOXIDE; ASPARAGUS; BARIUM CARBONATE; BERYLLIUM; BISMUTH; BORON; BROMINE; BROWN RICE; CADMIUM; CERIUM; CESIUM CHLORIDE; CHROMIUM; COBALT; COMFREY ROOT; COPPER; DYSPROSIUM; ERBIUM; EUROPIUM; FERROSOFERRIC PHOSPHATE; FUCUS VESICULOSUS; GADOLINIUM; GERMANIUM SESQUIOXIDE; GLYOXAL TRIMER DIHYDRATE; GOLD; HOLMIUM; HORDEUM VULGARE TOP; INDIUM; IRON; LAMINARIA DIGITATA; LANTHANUM; LEAD; LITHIUM CARBONATE; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE; MANGANESE GLUCONATE; MERCURIUS SOLUBILIS; MOLYBDENUM; NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE; NEODYMIUM OXIDE; NICKEL; NIOBIUM; OSMIUM; PALLADIUM; PLATINUM; PRASEODYMIUM; RADISH; RHODIUM; RUBIDIUM NITRITE; SAMARIUM; SELENIUM; SILVER; STRONTIUM CARBONATE; TANTALUM; TERBIUM; THALLIUM; TIN; TRITICUM AESTIVUM WHOLE; UBIDECARENONE; URANYL NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE; VANADIUM; YTTERBIUM OXIDE; ZINC (component of)
- Activated charcoal; aluminum; antimony; arsenic; arsenic trioxide; avena sativa flowering top; barium; berberis vulgaris root bark; beryllium; boron; bromine; cadmium; calcium; cerium; cesium; chloride ion; chromium; cobalt; copper; dysprosium; erbium; europium; fluoride ion; frangula alnus bark; gadolinium; gallium; gold; hafnium; holmium; hydrogen; indium; iodine; iridium; iron; lead; lithium; lutetium; lycopodium clavatum spore; magnesium; mercury; molybdenum; neodymium; niobium; nitrogen; osmium; palladium; phytolacca americana root; platinum; potassium; praseodymium; rhodium; rubidium; ruthenium; samarium; scandium; selenium; silicon; silver; sodium; sodium chloride; solidago virgaurea flowering top; strontium; strychnos nux-vomica seed; sulfur; tantalum; tellurium; terbium; thorium; tin; titanium; trifolium pratense flower; vanadium; ytterbium; yttrium; zinc; zirconium (component of)
Steel Producing [Category: Industry]
Abrasive Blasting [Category: Clean]
Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]
Metal Machining [Category: Heat or Machine]
Welding [Category: Weld]
Electroplating [Category: Plate]
Metal Thermal Spraying [Category: Plate]
Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]
Smelting Copper or Lead [Category: Industry]
Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]
Applying Wood Preservatives [Category: Other]
Mining [Category: Industry]
Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]
Cleaning Furnaces or Flues [Category: Clean]
Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]
Photographic Processing [Category: Other]
Fur Dressing and Dyeing [Category: Industry]
Cement Producing [Category: Industry]
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing) [Category: Industry]
Welding Over Coatings [Category: Weld]
Silk-Screen Printing [Category: Other]
Glass Manufacturing [Category: Industry]
Metal Extraction and Refining [Category: Industry]
Ceramics making [Category: Hobbies]
Enameling [Category: Hobbies]
Painting [Category: Hobbies]
Glassblowing [Category: Hobbies]
Textile arts [Category: Hobbies]
Lithography printing [Category: Hobbies]
Smoking cigarettes [Category: Food & Drugs]
Living near chromium plating or chromate plant [Category: Environments]
- Dyes
- Alloys
- Intermediates
- Intermediate
- Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
- Fillers
- Other (specify)
- Other
- Abrasives
- Dyes
- Alloys
- Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
- Intermediate
- Fillers
- Other (specify)
- Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
- Other
Chromium: Consumption: Reported
Table: Data in thousand metric tons of chromium content
2019: 100,000,000 lb - <1,000,000,000 lb
2018: 250,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb
2017: 500,000,000 - <750,000,000 lb
2016: 100,000,000 lb - <1,000,000,000 lb
Chromium: Production: Recycling
Table: Data in thousand metric tons of chromium content
Chromium: Imports for consumption
Table: Data in thousand metric tons of chromium content
Chromium: Exports
Table: Data in thousand metric tons of chromium content
- Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
- Primary Metal Manufacturing
- Construction
- Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
- Services
- Printing and Related Support Activities
- Utilities
- Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
- Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
- Other (requires additional information)
- Machinery Manufacturing
- Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
- All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
- Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
- Wholesale and Retail Trade
- Miscellaneous Manufacturing
H317 (20.9%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]
H319 (19.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H334 (20.5%): May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]
P233, P260, P261, P264+P265, P271, P272, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P321, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, and P501
(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 2381 reports by companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1180 of 2381 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.
There are 18 notifications provided by 1201 of 2381 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).
Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.
Skin Sens. 1 (20.9%)
Eye Irrit. 2 (19.3%)
Resp. Sens. 1 (20.5%)
Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2B
Respiratory sensitization - Category 1
Skin sensitization - Category 1
Germ cell mutagenicity - Category 2
Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 2 (systemic toxicity), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation)
Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Chromium metal:
Exposure Routes: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin; lung fibrosis (histologic)
Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system (NIOSH, 2024)
Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2024)
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
INGESTION: Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic). IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting. Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)
(See general first aid procedures)
Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.
Skin: Soap wash - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.
Breathing: Respiratory support
Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.
LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)
Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)
SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, dampen the solid spill material with 5% ammonium hydroxide, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 5% ammonium hydroxide to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with 5% ammonium hydroxide followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)
Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Chromium(VI), water-soluble fume (applicable for manual metal arc stainless steel welding only): Total Cr in urine = 10 ug/L (increase during shift) or 25 ug/L (end of shift at end of workweek)
TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].
250.0 [mg/m3],as Cr(metal and Cr(II)compds), 25 mg/m3, as Cr(Cr(III)compds)
Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: The available toxicological data show no evidence that an acute exposure to a high concentration of chromium metal would impede escape or cause any irreversible health effects within 30 minutes.
250 mg/m3 (as Cr)
See: 7440473
Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Chromium metal:
Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body.
Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection.
Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift).
Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated.
Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)
(See personal protection and sanitation codes)
Skin: No recommendation
Eyes: No recommendation
Wash skin: No recommendation
Remove: No recommendation
Change: No recommendation
NIOSH
Up to 2.5 mg/m3 :
(APF = 5) Any quarter-mask respirator.
Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.*
Up to 5 mg/m3 :
(APF = 10) Any particulate respirator equipped with an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 filtering facepieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100.
Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.*
(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator*
Up to 12.5 mg/m3 :
(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode*
(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter.*
Up to 25 mg/m3 :
(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter.
Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.
(APF = 50) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter*
(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
(APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece
Up to 250 mg/m3 :
(APF = 2000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode
Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions:
(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode
(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus
Escape:
(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter.
Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.
Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.
Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.
Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.
Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.
IARC Carcinogen - Class 1: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as established human carcinogens.
NTP Carcinogen - Known to be a human carcinogen.
ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Human.
Chromium, chronic toxic effect [Category: Metal Poisoning, Occupational]
Contact dermatitis, allergic [Category: Skin Disease]
Contact urticaria [Category: Skin Disease]
Asthma, occupational [Category: Airway Disease]
Lung cancer [Category: Cancer, Occupational]
Acute tubular necrosis [Category: Acute Poisoning]
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