An official website of the United States government

Indocyanine Green

PubChem CID
5282412
Structure
Indocyanine Green_small.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • indocyanine green
  • Wofaverdin
  • Cardiogreen
  • Fox Green
  • Ujoviridin
Molecular Weight
775.0 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Parent Compound
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-08-08
  • Modify:
    2025-01-11
Description
Indocyanine green is a cyanine dye, a benzoindole and a 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate.
Indocyanine Green is a nontoxic, fluorescent, tricarbocyanine dye with a peak spectral absorption at 790 nm, with application in determining cardiac output, hepatic function, liver blood flow, as well as ophthalmic angiography. Upon administration, indocyanine green (ICG) rapidly binds to its principle carrier, plasma protein, and is thereby confined to the vascular space. This agent, with a half-life of 150 to 180 seconds, is removed exclusively by the liver from circulation to bile juice. Furthermore, due to poor uptake, ICG is not suitable for angiography or functional output analysis of kidney, lung, cerebro-spinal, or peripheral tissues.
INDOCYANINE GREEN is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 1959 and has 24 investigational indications.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Indocyanine Green.png

1.2 3D Status

Conformer generation is disallowed since too many atoms, MMFF94s unsupported element, mixture or salt

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

sodium;4-[(2Z)-2-[(2E,4E,6E)-7-[1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfonatobutyl)benzo[e]indol-3-ium-2-yl]hepta-2,4,6-trienylidene]-1,1-dimethylbenzo[e]indol-3-yl]butane-1-sulfonate
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C43H48N2O6S2.Na/c1-42(2)38(44(28-14-16-30-52(46,47)48)36-26-24-32-18-10-12-20-34(32)40(36)42)22-8-6-5-7-9-23-39-43(3,4)41-35-21-13-11-19-33(35)25-27-37(41)45(39)29-15-17-31-53(49,50)51;/h5-13,18-27H,14-17,28-31H2,1-4H3,(H-,46,47,48,49,50,51);/q;+1/p-1
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

MOFVSTNWEDAEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

CC1(C(=[N+](C2=C1C3=CC=CC=C3C=C2)CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-])/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C\4/C(C5=C(N4CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-])C=CC6=CC=CC=C65)(C)C)C.[Na+]
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

C43H47N2NaO6S2
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

3599-32-4

2.3.2 Deprecated CAS

1814902-08-3, 58984-23-9

2.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.4 ChEBI ID

2.3.5 ChEMBL ID

2.3.6 DrugBank ID

2.3.7 KEGG ID

2.3.8 NCI Thesaurus Code

2.3.9 RXCUI

2.3.10 Wikidata

2.3.11 Wikipedia

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • Cardio Green
  • Cardio-Green
  • Cardiogreen
  • Green, Indocyanine
  • Indocyanine Green
  • Ujoveridin
  • Vofaverdin
  • Vophaverdin
  • Wofaverdin

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
775.0 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
7
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
12
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
774.27732385 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
774.27732385 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
137 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
54
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
1520
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
4
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
2
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Dark green, blue-green, olive brown, dark blue, or black solid; Solutions are deep emerald-green; [HSDB]

3.2.2 Color / Form

DARK GREEN, BLUE-GREEN, OLIVE BROWN, DARK BLUE, OR BLACK POWDER, SOLN ARE DEEP EMERALD-GREEN IN COLOR
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214

3.2.3 Odor

ODORLESS OR WITH SLIGHT ODOR
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214

3.2.4 Solubility

SOL IN WATER & METHANOL; PRACTICALLY INSOL IN MOST OTHER ORG SOLVENTS
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214
Soluble in water, less soluble in ethanol.
Green FJ; The Sigma-Aldrich Handbook of Stains, Dyes and Indicators. Milwaukee, WI: Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. p. 407 (1990)

3.2.5 LogP

Log Kow= -0.29 at pH 7.4
Sangster J; LogKow Databank. Sangster Research Lab, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (1993)

3.2.6 Stability / Shelf Life

UNSTABLE IN SOLN.
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214
Solutions are stable only for a few hours and cannot be kept overnight.
Green FJ; The Sigma-Aldrich Handbook of Stains, Dyes and Indicators. Milwaukee, WI: Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. p. 407 (1990)

3.2.7 Decomposition

Decomposes gradually above 200 °C.
Osol A, Hoover JE et al; Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 14th ed. Easton, PA: Mack Publishing Co., p. 1309 (1970)

3.2.8 pH

PH (1 IN 200 SOLN) ABOUT 6
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214

3.3 Chemical Classes

Dyes -> Carbocyanine Dyes

3.3.1 Drugs

3.3.1.1 Human Drugs
Breast Feeding; Lactation; Coloring Agents; Diagnostic Agents
Human drug -> Prescription
Human drug -> Discontinued
Human drug -> Prescription; Active ingredient (INDOCYANINE GREEN)

4 Spectral Information

4.1 UV Spectra

Absorption peak at 775 nm in water.
Green FJ; The Sigma-Aldrich Handbook of Stains, Dyes and Indicators. Milwaukee, WI: Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. p. 407 (1990)

4.2 IR Spectra

IR Spectra
TRICARBOCYANINE TYPE OF DYE WITH INFRARED ABSORBING PROPERTIES; HAS LITTLE TO NO ABSORPTION IN THE VISIBLE

4.2.1 FTIR Spectra

1 of 2
Technique
KBr WAFER
Source of Sample
Unknown
Copyright
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
Technique
Mull
Source of Spectrum
Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
228869
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.2.2 ATR-IR Spectra

Source of Sample
Aldrich
Catalog Number
228869
Copyright
Copyright © 2018-2024 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation Copyright © 2018-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

6 Chemical Vendors

7 Drug and Medication Information

7.1 Drug Indication

7.2 Drug Classes

Breast Feeding; Lactation; Coloring Agents; Diagnostic Agents

7.3 FDA Approved Drugs

7.4 FDA Orange Book

7.5 Drug Labels

Drug and label
Active ingredient and drug

7.6 Clinical Trials

7.6.1 ClinicalTrials.gov

7.6.2 EU Clinical Trials Register

7.6.3 NIPH Clinical Trials Search of Japan

7.7 Therapeutic Uses

Dyes
National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)
TO DETERMINE CARDIAC OUTPUT, HEPATIC FUNCTION, & LIVER BLOOD FLOW. FOR HEPATIC FUNCTION STUDIES, CALCULATED AMT OF DIAGNOSTIC AGENT IS INJECTED INTO ARM VEIN. 20 MIN AFTER INJECTION, 6 ML OF VENOUS BLOOD IS WITHDRAWN FROM OPPOSITE ARM. AFTER COAGULATION & CENTRIFUGATION, CLEAR SERUM IS READ IN PHOTOMETER @ 800-810 NM.
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214
DYE RETENTION OF LESS THAN 4% IS FOUND IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. ... FAILURE TO REMOVE DYE, AS INDICATED BY SERUM LEVELS IN EXCESS OF 4%, IS INDICATIVE OF IMPAIRED HEPATIC FUNCTION.
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214
USUAL, IV, BLOOD VOL DETERMINATION, 5 MG IN 1 ML; HEPATIC FUNCTION DETERMINATION, 0-5 MG/KG.
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214
DYE IS STABLE IN PLASMA & WHOLE BLOOD PERMITTING LATER ANALYSIS. USERS VARY BOTH CONCN & DOSAGE. IN MAN TOTAL DOSAGE HAS NORMALLY BEEN BELOW 2 MG/KG.
Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 275

7.8 Drug Warnings

...CONTAINS SMALL AMT OF /5%/ SODIUM IODIDE; THUS, IT SHOULD BE USED WITH CAUTION IN PT ALLERGIC TO IODIDES & RADIOACTIVE IODINE UPTAKE STUDIES SHOULD NOT BE PERFORMED FOR AT LEAST 1 WK FOLLOWING ITS USE. SINCE PROBENECID HAS BEEN SHOWN IN DOGS TO AFFECT HEPATIC UPTAKE, THIS POSSIBILITY SHOULD BE KEPT IN MIND.
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214
SAFE USE OF THIS DRUG IN PREGNANCY HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED.
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214
USE FRESH SOLN ONLY AS RECOMMENDED.
Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 275

8 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

8.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Coloring Agents
Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS. (See all compounds classified as Coloring Agents.)

8.2 ATC Code

V - Various

V04 - Diagnostic agents

V04C - Other diagnostic agents

V04CX - Other diagnostic agents

V04CX01 - Indocyanine green

8.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

FOLLOWING IV INJECTION, INDOCYANINE GREEN IS RAPIDLY BOUND TO PLASMA PROTEIN, QUICKLY REMOVED FROM CIRCULATION BY LIVER, & EXCRETED IN BILE IN UNCONJUGATED FORM.
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214
WITH INDOCYANINE GREEN, IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT RAT HAS HIGHER MAX BILIARY EXCRETION RATE (0.065 MG/KG/MIN) THAN DOES RABBIT (0.05 MG/KG/MIN) OR DOG (0.027 MG/KG/MIN).
LaDu, B.N., H.G. Mandel, and E.L. Way. Fundamentals of Drug Metabolism and Disposition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1971., p. 139
T/2 INCR WITH INCR DOSAGE. ... CONSIDERABLE DIFFERENCE HAS BEEN NOTED BETWEEN NORMAL MONGRELS & PUREBRED BEAGLES IN CLEARANCE TIMES.
Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 275
APPARENT HEPATIC EXTRACTION OF INDOCYANINE GREEN IN RATS WAS SURPRISINGLY LOW @ DOSES ABOVE 1 MG/KG. CHANGES IN HEPATIC BLOOD FLOW WOULD NOT ALTER CLEARANCE.
IGA T, KLAASSEN CD; J PHARMACOL EXP THER 211 (3): 690 (1979)
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for INDOCYANINE GREEN (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

8.4 Metabolism / Metabolites

...INDOCYANINE GREEN...APPEARS IN BILE UNCHANGED
Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963., p. 436

9 Use and Manufacturing

9.1 Uses

Sources/Uses
Tricarbocyanine dye that absorbs infrared radiation; Used for infrared photography, Wratten filter production, and blood volume, cardiac output, and hepatic function diagnostics; [Merck Index]
Merck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure
Photographic Processing [Category: Other]
IN INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; IN PREPN OF WRATTEN FILTERS
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 851
MEDICATION

9.1.1 Use Classification

Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients

9.2 Methods of Manufacturing

HESELTINE, BROOKER, US PATENT 2,895,955 (1959 TO KODAK).
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 851
Indocyanine Green may be prepared by reacting 1,1,2-trimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-1H-benz(e)indolium hydroxide inner salt (I) with a bis(Schiff base) derived from glutaconic aldehyde. Acetic anhydride is used to favor the condensation and the acidic dye is ultimately neutralized with sodium hydroxide.
Osol A, Hoover JE et al; Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 14th ed. Easton, PA: Mack Publ Co., p. 1309 (1970)

9.3 Impurities

...COMMERCIAL PRODUCT CONTAINS MOISTURE & ABOUT 5% SODIUM IODIDE AS CONTAMINANT.
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 851

9.4 Formulations / Preparations

STERILE USP: 10, 25, 40, & 50 MG.
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1214

9.5 General Manufacturing Information

EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
1H-Benz[e]indolium, 2-[7-[1,3-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-2H-benz[e]indol-2-ylidene]-1,3,5-heptatrien-1-yl]-1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-, inner salt, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

10 Identification

10.1 Analytic Laboratory Methods

DETERMINATION OF CYANINE DYES BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY.
KYES HA; J CHROMATOG 135: 221 (1977)

11 Safety and Hazards

11.1 Hazards Identification

11.1.1 GHS Classification

Pictogram(s)
Irritant
Signal
Warning
GHS Hazard Statements

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (97.6%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

11.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)

Eye Irrit. 2 (100%)

STOT SE 3 (97.6%)

11.1.3 Hazards Summary

Very low incidence of side effects when injected into the veins and arteries of patients during medical testing; May cause transient elevation in serum unconjugated bilirubin, probably due to competition between dye & bilirubin for biliary excretion. In digital videoangiography performed on 1226 consecutive patients, adverse reactions (i.e. allergic or anaphylactic) were noted in eight patients, only one of which was severe but not fatal; It contains a small amount of sodium iodide and should be used with caution in patients allergic to iodides; [HSDB] An irritant; [MSDSonline]

11.2 Accidental Release Measures

11.2.1 Disposal Methods

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

11.3 Other Safety Information

11.3.1 Special Reports

Schlanz KD et al; Clin Pharmacokinet 21 (5): 344-56 (1991). A review is presented of the mechanism by which calcium antagonists alter the pharmacokinetics of other drugs, including antipyrine and indocyanine green. ...

12 Toxicity

12.1 Toxicological Information

12.1.1 Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation

◉ Summary of Use during Lactation

Data from one patient indicates that a low subcutaneous dose of indocyanine green is not detectable in breastmilk. No data are available on the user of larger intravenous doses. Until more data become available, indocyanine green should be used with caution during breastfeeding, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant.

◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants

Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk

Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

12.1.2 Acute Effects

12.1.3 Interactions

INCR IN HEPATIC EXCRETORY FUNCTION HAS BEEN OBSERVED AFTER PRETREATMENT WITH SOME DRUGS. FOR EXAMPLE, PHENOBARBITAL HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED TO INCR PLASMA DISAPPEARANCE & BILIARY EXCRETION OF...INDOCYANINE GREEN...
Klaassen, C.D., M.O. Amdur, Doull J. (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1995., p. 107
SUPPRESSION OF BILIARY SECRETION OF INDOCYANINE GREEN...BY PRETREATMENT WITH SKF 525-A WAS SHOWN TO BE DUE TO TEMP EFFECT RATHER THAN TO EFFECT ON HEPATIC ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963., p. 436
INDOCYANINE GREEN DECR INITIAL RATE OF UPTAKE OF OUABAIN IN RAT LIVER CELLS BY MORE THAN 50%. DATA INDICATE THAT CMPD MAY ENTER LIVER CELLS BY PROCESS SIMILAR TO ACTIVE CARRIER-MEDIATED TRANSPORT.
EATON DL, KLAASSEN CD; J PHARMACOL EXP THER 205 (2): 480 (1978)
IN MALE RATS INJECTED IV WITH 1.0 MG/KG MERCURY, INDOCYANINE GREEN INHIBITED BILIARY EXCRETION OF METHYLMERCURY.
MAGOS L ET AL; CHEM-BIOL INTERACT 26(3) 317 (1979)
For more Interactions (Complete) data for INDOCYANINE GREEN (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

12.1.4 Human Toxicity Excerpts

VERY LOW INCIDENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS. EXTRAVASATION OF DYE APPEARS TO CAUSE NO ADVERSE EFFECTS...ALLERGIC REACTIONS /RARE/. DIAPHORESIS, PRURITUS, & HEADACHE IN 2 UREMIC PATIENTS...ANAPHYLACTOID SHOCK /1 UREMIC PATIENT. ADVERSE EFFECT, IV, IA, INTRA-CARDIAC/
American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Data supplied on contract from American Hospital Formulary Service and other current ASHP sources., p. 1975
SODIUM IODIDE PRESENT IN...INDOCYANINE GREEN...REPORTED TO CAUSE INCREASE IN SERUM INORGANIC IODIDE LEVELS. /DRUG/ MAY CAUSE TRANSIENT ELEVATION IN SERUM UNCONJUGATED BILIRUBIN, PROBABLY DUE TO COMPETITION BETWEEN DYE & BILIRUBIN FOR BILIARY EXCRETION /ADVERSE EFFECT, IV, IA, INTRA-CARDIAC/
American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Data supplied on contract from American Hospital Formulary Service and other current ASHP sources., p. 1975
... Although adverse reactions to indocyanine green are known to occur, the dye has been used for more than 30 yr in tests of cardiac and hepatic function, with a high level of safety. Improved digital video technology has renewed interest in the use of iv indocyanine green in ophthalmic imaging. This report describes the /investigators/ experience regarding the safety of /this dye/ for digital angiography and their recommendation for its use in the ophthalmic setting. Digital indocyanine green videoangiography was performed in 1226 consecutive patients, and 1923 indocyanine green videoangiography tests were performed. A registry of adverse reactions to /this dye/ was established. Criteria were used to define mild, moderate and severe adverse reactions, and these data were recorded for every ICG study performed. There were three (0.15%) mild adverse reactions, four (0.2%) moderate reactions and one (0.5%) severe adverse reaction. There were no deaths. ... This study documents the safety of indocyanine green for use in ophthalmic videoangiography.
Hope-Ross M et al; Ophthalmology 101 (3): 529-33 (1994)

12.1.5 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

COMPARISON OF TOXICITY OF CHEMICALS IN SHAM-OPERATED RATS & BILE DUCT-LIGATED RATS (BDL): INDOCYANINE GREEN, SHAM-LD50 700, BDL-LD50 130, SHAM/BDL 5.4 /FROM TABLE/
Doull, J., C.D. Klaassen, and M. D. Amdur (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1980., p. 46
INDOCYANINE GREEN (68 TO 171 NMOL/MG OF PROTEIN) INHIBITED OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIA IN VITRO.
LAPERCHE Y ET AL; TOXICOL APPL PHARMACOL 41(2) 377 (1977)
INTRAVENOUS, RAT 60-80 MG/KG. NO EXCRETION, NORMAL BLOOD, NORMAL ORGAN WEIGHTS, NO HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHANGES. ...
LUTTY GA; TOXICOL APPL PHARMACOL 44: 225 (1978)

13 Associated Disorders and Diseases

14 Literature

14.1 Consolidated References

14.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

14.3 Springer Nature References

14.4 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

14.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

14.6 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

15 Patents

15.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

15.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

15.3 FDA Orange Book Patents

15.4 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

15.5 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

15.6 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

16 Interactions and Pathways

16.1 Chemical-Target Interactions

17 Biological Test Results

17.1 BioAssay Results

18 Classification

18.1 MeSH Tree

18.2 NCI Thesaurus Tree

18.3 ChEBI Ontology

18.4 KEGG: Drug

18.5 KEGG: ATC

18.6 WHO ATC Classification System

18.7 ChemIDplus

18.8 ChEMBL Target Tree

18.9 UN GHS Classification

18.10 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

19 Information Sources

  1. ChEBI
  2. NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise indicated, all text within NCI products is free of copyright and may be reused without our permission. Credit the National Cancer Institute as the source.
    https://www.cancer.gov/policies/copyright-reuse
  3. Open Targets
    LICENSE
    Datasets generated by the Open Targets Platform are freely available for download.
    https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/licence
  4. ChEMBL
    LICENSE
    Access to the web interface of ChEMBL is made under the EBI's Terms of Use (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html). The ChEMBL data is made available on a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).
    http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html
  5. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  6. DrugBank
    LICENSE
    Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)
    https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_use
  7. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    1H-Benz[e]indolium, 2-[7-[1,3-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-2H-benz[e]indol-2-ylidene]-1,3,5-heptatrien-1-yl]-1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-, inner salt, sodium salt (1:1)
    https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  8. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
    LICENSE
    Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
    Sodium 2-[7-[3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-sulfonatobutyl)benz[e]indolin-2-ylidene]hepta-1,3,5-trien-1-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-sulfonatobutyl)benz[e]indolinium
    https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.020.683
    Sodium 2-[7-[3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-sulfonatobutyl)benz[e]indolin-2-ylidene]hepta-1,3,5-trien-1-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-sulfonatobutyl)benz[e]indolinium (EC: 222-751-5)
    https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database/-/discli/details/49414
  9. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  10. ClinicalTrials.gov
    LICENSE
    The ClinicalTrials.gov data carry an international copyright outside the United States and its Territories or Possessions. Some ClinicalTrials.gov data may be subject to the copyright of third parties; you should consult these entities for any additional terms of use.
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-site/terms-conditions#Use
  11. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
    LICENSE
    It is to be used only for research and educational purposes. Any reproduction or use for commercial purpose is prohibited without the prior express written permission of NC State University.
    http://ctdbase.org/about/legal.jsp
  12. DailyMed
  13. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
  14. Drugs@FDA
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  15. EU Clinical Trials Register
  16. FDA Orange Book
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  17. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
    LICENSE
    Copyright (c) 2022 Haz-Map(R). All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from Haz-Map are copyrighted by Haz-Map(R). No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
    https://haz-map.com/About
  18. KEGG
    LICENSE
    Academic users may freely use the KEGG website. Non-academic use of KEGG generally requires a commercial license
    https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/legal.html
    Therapeutic category of drugs in Japan
    http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08301.keg
    Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification
    http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
  19. NIPH Clinical Trials Search of Japan
  20. NLM RxNorm Terminology
    LICENSE
    The RxNorm Terminology is created by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and is in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from NLM. Credit to the U.S. National Library of Medicine as the source is appreciated but not required. The full RxNorm dataset requires a free license.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/termsofservice.html
  21. SpectraBase
  22. Springer Nature
  23. WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification
    LICENSE
    Use of all or parts of the material requires reference to the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Copying and distribution for commercial purposes is not allowed. Changing or manipulating the material is not allowed.
    https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/
  24. Wikidata
  25. Wikipedia
  26. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
    LICENSE
    Works produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  27. PubChem
  28. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  29. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
CONTENTS