Oxytocin
- OXYTOCIN
- 50-56-6
- Pitocin
- Endopituitrina
- Ocytocin
- Create:2005-06-24
- Modify:2025-01-11
- Ocytocin
- Oxytocin
- Pitocin
- Syntocinon
- OXYTOCIN
- 50-56-6
- Pitocin
- Endopituitrina
- Ocytocin
- Syntocinon
- Oxytocinum
- Orasthin
- Oxystin
- alpha-Hypophamine
- Oxitocina
- Oxytocine
- Partocon
- Synthetic oxytocin
- Piton S
- (1-Hemicystine)oxytocin
- 3-Isoleucine-8-leucine vasopressin
- Syntocinone
- Ocytocinum
- Ossitocina
- Oxetakain
- Oxoject
- Presoxin
- Synpitan
- Syntocin
- Utedrin
- Uteracon
- Di-sipidin
- Nobitocin S
- Atonin O
- Intertocine S
- UNII-1JQS135EYN
- HSDB 2182
- Oxytocine [INN-French]
- Oxytocinum [INN-Latin]
- EINECS 200-048-4
- Oxitocina [INN-Spanish]
- MFCD00076731
- BRN 3586108
- Vasopressin, 3-L-isoleucine-8-L-leucine-
- CHEBI:7872
- CHEMBL395429
- (2S)-1-[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19R)-19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-13-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]-N-[(2S)-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
- OT
- DTXSID8048361
- OXYTOCIN 5 USP UNITS IN DEXTROSE 5%
- Oxytocin [USP:INN:BAN:JAN]
- OXYTOCIN 10 USP UNITS IN DEXTROSE 5%
- OXYTOCIN 20 USP UNITS IN DEXTROSE 5%
- TNX1900
- TTA-121
- TNX-1900
- OXT
- Oxytocine (INN-French)
- Oxytocinum (INN-Latin)
- Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2, cyclic 1-6 disulfide
- Oxitocina (INN-Spanish)
- L-Cysteinyl-L-tyrosyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-asparaginyl-L-cysteinyl-L-prolyl-L-leucylglycinamide cyclic (1-->6)-disulfide
- L-Cysteinyl-L-tyrosyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-asparaginyl-L-cysteinyl-L-prolyl-L-leucylglycinamide cyclic (1-6)-disulfide
- L-Cysteinyl-L-tyrosyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-asparaginyl-L-cysteinyl-L-prolyl-L-leucylglycinamide cyclic(1-6)-disulfide
- Oxytocin (USP:INN:BAN:JAN)
- [3H]oxytocin
- Oxetakain [Czech]
- 1-({(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19R)-19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-16-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-13-[(1S)-1-methylpropyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-4-yl}carbonyl)-L-prolyl-L-leucylglycinamide
- Otx
- Ossitocina [DCIT]
- C43H66N12O12S2
- [3H]OT (human, mouse, rat)
- Piton-S
- Syntocinon (TN)
- Oxytocin Injectable
- Oxytocin (TN)
- Oxytocin,(S)
- (2S)-1-[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19R)-19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-13-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]-N-[(2S)-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
- 1-(((4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19R)-19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-16-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-13-((1S)-1-methylpropyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-4-yl)carbonyl)-L-prolyl-L-leucylglycinamide
- Pitocin (TN)
- CYIQNCPLG
- oxytocin, for bioassay
- PVL Oxytocin Injectable
- (1-Hemicystine)-oxytocin
- OXYTOCIN (MART.)
- OXYTOCIN (USP-RS)
- 1JQS135EYN
- SCHEMBL29048
- Oxytocin (JP18/USP/INN)
- GTPL2174
- GTPL2176
- Oxytocin (High Potency Powder)
- OXYTOCIN (USP IMPURITY)
- DTXCID4028335
- OXYTOCIN (USP MONOGRAPH)
- BCBcMAP01_000094
- H01BB02
- Oxytocin (Label Under Distributors)
- BDBM50205990
- HB2929
- TI-001
- AKOS015994657
- HS-2021
- NCGC00167132-01
- AC-28730
- HY-17571
- C00746
- D00089
- SBI-0654087.0001
- Q169960
- SR-01000945111
- SR-01000945111-1
- W-105951
- BRD-K25243230-001-01-2
- Oxytocin, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
- (Gly-9 = C-terminal amide, disulfide bridge between 1 - 6)
- Oxytocin, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
- Oxytocin-(leucine-5,5,5-d3, glycine-2,2-d2) trifluoroacetate salt
- Oxytocin, lyophilized powder, ~15 IU/mg solid (Prepared from synthetic oxytocin)
- GLYCINAMIDE, L-CYSTEINYL-L-TYROSYL-L-ISOLEUCYL-L-GLUTAMINYL-L-ASPARAGINYL-L-CYSTEINYL-L-PROLYL-L-LEUCYL-, CYCLIC (1->6)-DISULFIDE
- Glycinamide, L-cysteinyl-L-tyrosyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-asparaginyl-L-cysteinyl-L-propyl-L-leucyl-, cyclic (1-6)-di-
303.8 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]
294.98 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]
- Oxytocin acetate (active moiety of)
- Camphor (natural); canis lupus familiaris milk; datura stramonium; germanium sesquioxide; helleborus niger root; herring sperm dna; human milk; hydrogen; lithium carbonate; magnesium oxide; neon; oxytocin; rhus glabra top; semecarpus anacardium juice; sodium carbonate; sodium tetrachloroaurate; sucrose; sus scrofa placenta; thuja occidentalis leafy twig (component of)
- Adenosine triphosphate disodium; artemisia cina pre-flowering top; bacopa monnieri whole; dopamine hydrochloride; equol, (+/-)-; gamboge; iodine; lycopodium clavatum spore; oxytocin; pantothenic acid; phosphorus; quinine sulfate; salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis; sedum roseum root; serotonin hydrochloride; sus scrofa adrenal cortex; sus scrofa stomach; thyroid (component of)
- Adenosine triphosphate disodium; artemisia cina pre-flowering top; bacopa monnieri whole; dopamine hydrochloride; equol, (+/-)-; gamboge; iodine; lycopodium clavatum spore; oxytocin; pantothenic acid; phosphorus; quinine sulfate; salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis; sedum roseum root; serotonin hydrochloride; sus scrofa adrenal cortex; sus scrofa stomach; sus scrofa thyroid (component of)
- Ammonium bromide; antimony trisulfide; black cohosh; bos taurus pituitary gland, posterior; calcium sulfide; capsicum; caulophyllum thalictroides root; egg phospholipids; epinephrine; foeniculum vulgare fruit; fucus vesiculosus; galium aparine whole; oxytocin; oyster shell calcium carbonate, crude; phosphorus; phytolacca americana root; potassium dichromate; progesterone; rubus idaeus leaf; silver; skim milk; sus scrofa pituitary gland; thyroid, bovine (component of)
- gamma-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE DISODIUM; AETHUSA CYNAPIUM WHOLE; ALUMINUM OXIDE; ARSENIC TRIOXIDE; CORTISONE ACETATE; DIBASIC POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE; DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; GINKGO; HISTAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE; LEVOTHYROXINE; LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM SPORE; MELATONIN; NADIDE; NOREPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE; OXYTOCIN; PHOSPHORUS; SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM JUICE; SEROTONIN HYDROCHLORIDE; SUS SCROFA CEREBRUM; SUS SCROFA HYPOTHALAMUS; UBIDECARENONE; ZINC (component of)
- Aesculus hippocastanum flower; alanine; aminobenzoic acid; betaine hydrochloride; biotin; borrelia burgdorferi; bromelains; candida albicans; cholecalciferol; choline hydroxide; coconut oil; copper; cranberry; cysteine; cystine; dopamine hydrochloride; fragaria vesca fruit; glutamic acid; glutamine; hippeastrum puniceum whole; ilex aquifolium flowering top; lemon juice; lithium bromide; lysine; malus domestica flower; methionine; niacinamide; oxitriptan; oxytocin; phenylalanine; potassium gluconate; pumpkin seed; racemethionine; rheum palmatum root; selenium; selenium dioxide; serine; serotonin hydrochloride; squalene; stillingia sylvatica root; sus scrofa thymus; sus scrofa thyroid; thiamine hydrochloride; ubidecarenone; zinc gluconate (component of)
H302 (10.2%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
H361 (14.3%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]
P203, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P318, P330, P405, and P501
(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 49 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 39 of 49 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.
There are 9 notifications provided by 10 of 49 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).
Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.
Acute Tox. 4 (10.2%)
Repr. 2 (14.3%)
IMAP assessments - Oxytocin: Human health tier I assessment
IMAP assessments - Oxytocin: Environment tier I assessment
M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
Oxytocin is an essential lactation hormone released during breastfeeding that causes milk ejection and appears to have calming effect on the mother. Administration of exogenous oxytocin to mothers having difficulty in breastfeeding has not been clearly shown to have a beneficial effect on lactation success or in the treatment of breast engorgement. It might be of benefit with spinal cord injury where the neuronal connection between the breast and hypothalamus have been lost. Effects on the infant are unlikely when oxytocin is given during breastfeeding.
Some studies suggest that oxytocin given during labor can negatively affect breastfeeding, possibly by reducing sucking behavior in the newborn in a dose-dependent manner, or by decreasing postpartum oxytocin release although study timing of oxytocin administration and study methodology has varied considerably. Another study found no relationship between cumulative oxytocin dosage and breastfeeding success at 1 week postpartum. The effect on breastfeeding might be most important during the initiation of breastfeeding, but may not persist after lactation is established. Two studies found that only oxytocin in conjunction with epidural analgesia reduced breastfeeding, but not oxytocin alone. Another study found that all rhythmic reflexes, the antigravity reflex, and total primitive neonatal reflexes were inhibited by intrapartum oxytocin administration, unrelated to dose, which could adversely affect breastfeeding. Another small study found that exogenous oxytocin for induction or augmentation of labor was positively associated with higher quality of observed mother-infant bonding. Some evidence exists that peripartum oxytocin administration might increase the risk of postpartum depression.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Nasal spray. Intranasal oxytocin is reportedly used by some midwives in Switzerland as a galactogogue. It has been used as part of regimens used by adoptive mothers who wish to breastfeed.
A small study found no difference in symptoms between subcutaneous oxytocin 2.5 international units daily and placebo after 3 days of treatment for breast engorgement.
An early randomized, placebo-controlled trial used oxytocin nasal spray in the mothers of newborns, but lactation management fell far short of what is considered acceptable nowadays. The study found that the spray might be useful in decreasing breast engorgement slightly in the mothers of full-term infants, but no difference was found in the average infant weight loss between birth and day 4 in the oxytocin and placebo groups.
Two similarly designed trials studied oxytocin nasal spray in mothers of preterm newborns who were pumping milk for their infants. The first studied mothers of infants born before 38 weeks and used a total of 3 units of intranasal oxytocin (Syntocinon-Sandoz, 40 units/mL) before pumping each breast for10 minutes a breast pump four times daily. Among primiparous mothers, milk production during days 2 to 5 days postpartum was 1964 mL in those who used oxytocin and 510 mL in those who received placebo spray. Because of the large and statistically significant effect of oxytocin among primiparous women, the trial was stopped after only 8 primiparous mothers had been studied. No statistically significant difference was found between oxytocin and placebo among 4 multiparous women who were attempting to breastfeed for the first time. The paper did not report giving the mothers any instructions in lactation technique.
Fifty-one mothers who delivered an infant of less than 35 weeks gestation were studied. Twenty-seven mothers used 4 units of intranasal oxytocin (Syntocinon-Novartis, 40 units/mL), and 24 mothers received an identical placebo spray before pumping with a breast pump. All mothers were given instructions on using hand massage before pumping and advised to pump every 3 hours. No difference in milk production over the first 5 days postpartum was found between mothers who received oxytocin (median 667 mL) and placebo (median 530 mL), although women receiving oxytocin produced slightly more milk on day 2 of the study. Parity had no effect in this study.
Several factors might explain the differences in findings between the studies. Because of the great interpatient variability in milk production documented in the recent study and the small number of patients in the first study, the finding in the earlier study may have been due to chance. A 50% higher dose of oxytocin was used in the first study, which may have caused a greater effect. Another plausible explanation is the good lactation support given to mothers in the recent larger study that seemed to be lacking in the early study.
Two case reports indicate that oxytocin nasal spray may facilitate letdown in tetraplegic women who have lost the neuronal connection between the nipple and the hypothalamus.
During labor. A study of mothers who received oxytocin during labor found that on the second day postpartum, oxytocin infusion decreased endogenous oxytocin levels dose-dependently. Epidural analgesia in combination with oxytocin infusion influenced endogenous oxytocin levels negatively. Oxytocin infusion also increased serum prolactin.
Logistic regression of data from 585 mothers who had epidural analgesia during labor found that mothers who had received exogenous oxytocin had a 3.3 times greater risk of delayed onset of lactation than women who did not.
An observational study of 20 primiparous women found that those who were exclusively breastfeeding at 3 months (63%) had received a lower dose of oxytocin during labor (mean total dosage 1363 milliunits) than those who were not exclusively breastfeeding (mean total dosage 3088 milliunits). This result was attributed to an inhibitory effect on neonatal sucking by the infant caused by oxytocin.
A small, nonrandomized cohort study found that the newborn infants whose mothers received synthetic oxytocin to induce or maintain labor had a decreased level of prefeeding organization one hour after birth.
A retrospective cohort study in Spain compared breastfeeding outcomes between mothers who received oxytocin during labor (n = 189) and mothers who did not, including those who delivered via elective Cesarean section (n = 127). Mothers who received oxytocin during the first and second stages of labor had a 45% increased risk of bottle feeding and a 129% increased risk of breastfeeding discontinuation by 3 months of age. Effects were most pronounced in women under 27 years of age.
A small prospective study in California compared women who received an epidural infusion of fentanyl and ropivacaine to mothers who did not receive an epidermal during labor. All mothers had normal vaginal deliveries and their infants had 1 uninterrupted hour of skin-to-skin contact immediately postpartum. The study found inverse relationships between the amount of fentanyl and the amount of oxytocin received during labor and the time of the first suckling. Because women who received more fentanyl also tended to receive more oxytocin, the study could not clearly separate the effects of the two drugs.
A small prospective cohort study in Spain followed mothers by telephone postpartum to determine their breastfeeding status. Mothers who had received oxytocin during labor were breastfeeding at a similar rate as those who had not at 1, 3 and 6 months postpartum.
A nonblinded, nonrandomized study compared breastfeeding among the infants of mothers who received oxytocin during delivery (n = 70) and those who did not (n = 90) in two Iranian hospitals. Mothers were primiparous and infants were full term. Infant breastfeeding behavior was assessed to be either successful or unsuccessful within 2 hours of delivery. Infants whose mothers received oxytocin were judged to successfully breastfeed 48.6% compared to 82.2% among the infants of mothers who did not receive oxytocin. Use of opiate pain relievers in the two groups was not stated.
A retrospective cohort study compared breastfeeding results between women who did and did not receive oxytocin during labor. After correcting for confounding factors, the study found that exogenous oxytocin impaired breastfeeding during the first hour postpartum, but not at 3 months postpartum. High pregestational body mass index was the best predictor of an impaired third month's postpartum breastfeeding.
A retrospective case-control study conducted in two hospitals in central Iran compared breastfeeding behaviors in the first 2 hours postdelivery by infants of 4 groups of primiparous women with healthy, full-term singleton births who had vaginal deliveries. The groups were those who received no medications during labor, those who received oxytocin plus scopolamine, those who received oxytocin plus meperidine, and those who received oxytocin, scopolamine and meperidine. The infants in the no medication group performed better than those in all other groups, and the oxytocin plus scopolamine group performed better than the groups that had received meperidine.
A prospective cohort study in Spain found no relationship between oxytocin dose during labor or postpartum with the duration of breastfeeding. However, elective cesarean section without oxytocin resulted in the greatest risk of stopping exclusive breastfeeding.
An observational study in Sweden compared nursing behaviors of the infants of mothers who received intravenous oxytocin or intramuscular oxytocin with or without receiving epidural analgesia with sufentanil and bupivacaine. Infants of mothers who received oxytocin infusions alone during labor breastfed as well as those of mothers who had no interventions during labor. Mothers who received oxytocin plus epidural analgesia had reduced breastfeeding behaviors and more weight loss at 2 days postpartum than those who did not receive epidural analgesia. The mothers of infants who breastfed well had greater variability in serum oxytocin than those whose infants did not breastfeed well.
A study examined the effects of low, medium and high doses of intrapartum synthetic oxytocin administered to mothers who received no oxytocin. A dose-related decrease in several infant breastfeeding behaviors and the number of exclusive nursing bouts at 24, 48 and 72 hours was found, but there was no difference in the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum.
In a study of primiparous women with an uncomplicated pregnancy, women were given oxytocin 1 to 2 milliunits/min initially, with dosage increases of 1 to 2 milliunits/min every 30 minutes until effective contractions were achieved, up to a maximum of 20 milliunits/min. Some women received epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and fentanyl, some received oxytocin alone and other received neither. Breastfeeding outcomes in the three groups were compared at 3 days, 1 month and 4 months postpartum. The study found no relationship between this low-dose oxytocin use and breastfeeding success, but that epidermal analgesia reduced maternal salivary oxytocin levels, lowered milk supply at 3 days and 1 month postpartum, and decreased rates of breastfeeding at 4 months postpartum.
A case-control study in a hospital in Istanbul, Türkiye compared 44 women who received oxytocin for induction of labor to 44 women who did not. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and the LATCH scores between the two groups.
A multicenter study in Sweden compared breastfeeding outcomes of 1395 women who received oxytocin during labor. After adjusting for confounding variables (maternal age, early pregnancy BMI, epidural analgesia, and infant weight >4 kg), no difference was found in the breastfeeding rates at 1 week postpartum over the range of cumulative oxytocin dosages that the mothers received.
The sucking ability of 29 vaginally delivered infants whose mothers received oxytocin during delivery were compared to 35 infants whose mothers received no oxytocin. The average maternal oxytocin dose was 3.45 IU over an average of 354 minutes. The infants in the oxytocin group had fewer sucking bursts, longer times between bursts and more variability in sucking than those not exposed. At 1 month postpartum, infants exposed to oxytocin were less likely to be exclusively breastfed than those not exposed (17% vs 43%). The authors concluded that infant sucking ability was impaired for up to 48 hours after maternal oxytocin infusion during labor.
Patents are available for this chemical structure:
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/result.jsf?inchikey=XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-DSZYJQQASA-N
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- KEGGLICENSEAcademic users may freely use the KEGG website. Non-academic use of KEGG generally requires a commercial licensehttps://www.kegg.jp/kegg/legal.htmlCompounds with biological roleshttp://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08001.kegBioactive peptideshttp://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08005.kegTherapeutic category of drugs in Japanhttp://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08301.kegAnatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classificationhttp://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.kegTarget-based classification of drugshttp://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08310.kegDrugs listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeiahttp://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08311.kegAnimal drugs in Japanhttp://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08331.keg
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- GHS Classification (UNECE)GHS Classification Treehttp://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_welcome_e.html
- EPA Substance Registry ServicesEPA SRS List Classificationhttps://sor.epa.gov/sor_internet/registry/substreg/LandingPage.do
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