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Vitamin e succinate

PubChem CID
20353
Structure
Vitamin e succinate_small.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • vitamin e succinate
  • 4345-03-3
  • alpha-Tocopheryl succinate
  • D-alpha-Tocopherol succinate
  • tocopherol succinate
Molecular Weight
530.8 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-06-24
  • Modify:
    2024-12-27
Description
D-alpha-tocopheryl acid succinate is a white powder. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Tocopherol succinate is a tocol and a hemisuccinate.
Alpha-tocopherol is the primary form of vitamin E that is preferentially used by the human body to meet appropriate dietary requirements. In particular, the RRR-alpha-tocopherol (or sometimes called the d-alpha-tocopherol stereoisomer) stereoisomer is considered the natural formation of alpha-tocopherol and generally exhibits the greatest bioavailability out of all of the alpha-tocopherol stereoisomers. Moreover, manufacturers typically convert the phenol component of the vitamin to esters using acetic or succinic acid, making a compound such as alpha-tocopherol succinate more stable and easier to use in vitamin supplements. Alpha-tocopherol succinate is subsequently most commonly indicated for dietary supplementation in individuals who may demonstrate a genuine deficiency in vitamin E. Vitamin E itself is naturally found in various foods, added to others, or used in commercially available products as a dietary supplement. The recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for vitamin E alpha-tocopherol are: males = 4 mg (6 IU) females = 4 mg (6 IU) in ages 0-6 months, males = 5 mg (7.5 IU) females = 5 mg (7.5 IU) in ages 7-12 months, males = 6 mg (9 IU) females = 6 mg (9 IU) in ages 1-3 years, males = 7 mg (10.4 IU) females = 7 mg (10.4 IU) in ages 4-8 years, males = 11 mg (16.4 IU) females = 11 mg (16.4 IU) in ages 9-13 years, males = 15 mg (22.4 IU) females = 15 mg (22.4 IU) pregnancy = 15 mg (22.4 IU) lactation = 19 mg (28.4 IU) in ages 14+ years. Most individuals obtain adequate vitamin E intake from their diets; genuine vitamin E deficiency is considered to be rare. Nevertheless, vitamin E is known to be a fat-soluble antioxidant that has the capability to neutralize endogenous free radicals. This biologic action of vitamin E consequently continues to generate ongoing interest and study in whether or not its antioxidant abilities may be used to help assist in preventing or treating a number of different conditions like cardiovascular disease, ocular conditions, diabetes, cancer and more. At the moment, however, there exists a lack of formal data and evidence to support any such additional indications for vitamin E use. Moreover, although it is generally believed that alpha-tocopherol succinate would naturally demonstrate such general vitamin E-tocopherol pharmacodynamics after undergoing a logical de-esterification in the gut, there is ongoing research that proposes that the alpha-tocopherol succinate compound itself is capable of eliciting anti-cancer and inflammation mediation activities that are unique from the alpha-tocopherol form and other alpha-tocopherol esters.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
Vitamin e succinate.png

1.2 3D Status

Conformer generation is disallowed since too flexible

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

4-oxo-4-[[(2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-yl]oxy]butanoic acid
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C33H54O5/c1-22(2)12-9-13-23(3)14-10-15-24(4)16-11-20-33(8)21-19-28-27(7)31(25(5)26(6)32(28)38-33)37-30(36)18-17-29(34)35/h22-24H,9-21H2,1-8H3,(H,34,35)/t23-,24-,33-/m1/s1
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

IELOKBJPULMYRW-NJQVLOCASA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

CC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1O[C@](CC2)(C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O)C
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.2 Molecular Formula

C33H54O5
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

4345-03-3
17407-37-3

2.3.2 Deprecated CAS

120246-47-1, 53532-12-0, 55134-51-5
18126-01-7, 3361-16-8, 4006-99-9

2.3.3 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.4 UNII

2.3.5 ChEBI ID

2.3.6 ChEMBL ID

2.3.7 DrugBank ID

2.3.8 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.9 KEGG ID

2.3.10 Metabolomics Workbench ID

2.3.11 NCI Thesaurus Code

2.3.12 Nikkaji Number

2.3.13 RXCUI

2.3.14 Wikidata

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 MeSH Entry Terms

  • 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol
  • Acetate, Tocopherol
  • alpha Tocopherol
  • alpha Tocopherol Acetate
  • alpha Tocopherol Hemisuccinate
  • alpha Tocopherol Succinate
  • alpha Tocopheryl Calcium Succinate
  • alpha-Tocopherol
  • alpha-tocopherol acetate
  • alpha-tocopherol hemisuccinate
  • alpha-tocopherol succinate
  • alpha-Tocopheryl Calcium Succinate
  • d alpha Tocopherol
  • d alpha Tocopheryl Acetate
  • d-alpha Tocopherol
  • d-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate
  • R,R,R-alpha-Tocopherol
  • Tocopherol Acetate
  • Tocopherol Succinate
  • Tocopherol, d-alpha
  • Tocopheryl Acetate
  • vitamin E succinate

2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
530.8 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
XLogP3-AA
Property Value
10.2
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
5
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
17
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
530.39712482 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
530.39712482 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
72.8Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
38
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
720
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
3
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

D-alpha-tocopheryl acid succinate is a white powder. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

3.2.2 Melting Point

169 to 171 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

3.2.3 Solubility

less than 0.1 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

3.3 Chemical Classes

3.3.1 Drugs

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15
S55 | ZINC15PHARMA | Pharmaceuticals from ZINC15 | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3247749

3.3.2 Cosmetics

Cosmetic ingredients (Tocopheryl Succinate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

3.3.3 Endocrine Disruptors

Potential endocrine disrupting compound
S109 | PARCEDC | List of 7074 potential endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) by PARC T4.2 | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10944198

3.3.4 Food Additives

NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT -> FDA Substance added to food

4 Spectral Information

4.1 Mass Spectrometry

4.1.1 MS-MS

1 of 2
NIST Number
1007192
Instrument Type
IT/ion trap
Collision Energy
0
Spectrum Type
MS2
Precursor Type
[M+H]+
Precursor m/z
531.4044
Total Peaks
15
m/z Top Peak
431
m/z 2nd Highest
265
m/z 3rd Highest
165
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 2
NIST Number
1053646
Instrument Type
IT/ion trap
Collision Energy
0
Spectrum Type
MS2
Precursor Type
[M+H]+
Precursor m/z
531.4044
Total Peaks
15
m/z Top Peak
431.2
m/z 2nd Highest
265.1
m/z 3rd Highest
165
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

4.2 IR Spectra

4.2.1 ATR-IR Spectra

Instrument Name
Bio-Rad FTS
Technique
ATR-Neat (DuraSamplIR II)
Source of Spectrum
Forensic Spectral Research
Source of Sample
Supelco, Sigma-Aldrich Inc.
Catalog Number
47782
Lot Number
LB59930
Copyright
Copyright © 2009-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

6 Chemical Vendors

7 Drug and Medication Information

7.1 Drug Indication

The primary health-related use for which alpha-tocopherol succinate is formally indicated is as a dietary supplement for patients who demonstrate a genuine vitamin E deficiency. At the same time, vitamin E deficiency is generally quite rare but may occur in premature babies of very low birth weight (< 1500 grams), individuals with fat-malabsorption disorders (as fat is required for the digestive tract to absorb vitamin E), or individuals with abetalipoproteinemia - a rare, inherited disorder that causes poor absorption of dietary fat - who require extremely large doses of supplemental vitamin E daily (around 100 mg/kg or 5-10 g/day). In all such cases, alpha-tocopherol is largely the preferred form of vitamin E to be administered. Elsewhere, vitamin E's chemical profile as a fat-soluble antioxidant that is capable of neutralizing free radicals in the body continues to generate ongoing interest and study regarding how and whether or not the vitamin can help prevent or delay various chronic diseases associated with free radicals or other potential biological effects that vitamin E possesses like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, ocular conditions, immune illnesses, cancer, and more. None of these ongoing studies have yet to elucidate any formally significant evidence, however. Similarly, more effective clinical trials are necessary to confirm what has only been accrued as preliminary data when it comes to studies proposing the demonstration of alpha-tocopherol succinate's capability to act as an anti-cancer therapy or as a regulator of inflammation.

7.2 FDA National Drug Code Directory

7.3 Drug Labels

Active ingredient and drug

8 Food Additives and Ingredients

8.1 FDA Substances Added to Food

Used for (Technical Effect)
NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT

9 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

9.1 Pharmacodynamics

Of the eight separate variants of vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol is the predominant form of vitamin E in human and animal tissues, and it has the highest bioavailability. This is because the liver preferentially resecretes only alpha-tocopherol by way of the hepatic alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP); the liver metabolizes and excretes all the other vitamin E variants, which is why blood and cellular concentrations of other forms of vitamin E other than alpha-tocopherol are ultimately lower. Furthermore, the term alpha-tocopherol generally refers to a group of eight possible stereoisomers which is often called all-rac-tocopherol for being a racemic mixture of all eight stereoisomers. Of the eight stereoisomers, the RRR-alpha-tocopherol - or sometimes referred to as the d-alpha-tocopherol - stereoisomer is the naturally occurring form of alpha-tocopherol that is perhaps best recognized by the alpha-TTP and has been reported to demonstrate approximately twice the systemic availability of all-rac-tocopherol. As a result, often times (but certainly not always) the discussion of vitamin E - at least within the context of using the vitamin for health-related indications - is generally in reference to the use of RRR- or d-alpha-tocopherol. Subsequently, without further evidence to suggest otherwise, alpha-tocpherol succinate is generally believed to undergo a logical de-esterification in the gastrointestinal tract before being subsequently absorbed as free tocopherol.

9.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Antioxidants
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. (See all compounds classified as Antioxidants.)
Vitamins
Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body. (See all compounds classified as Vitamins.)

9.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption
_In addition to any following information, owing to alpha-Tocopherol succinate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data._ It is generally believed that alpha-tocopherol succinate is ultimately de-esterified or cleaved to provide alpha-tocopherol once administered to the human body. It is consequently expected that pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics similar to that of alpha-tocopherol to be followed. 50 to 80% absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.
Route of Elimination
_In addition to any following information, owing to alpha-Tocopherol succinate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data._ It is generally believed that alpha-tocopherol succinate is ultimately de-esterified or cleaved to provide alpha-tocopherol once administered to the human body. It is consequently expected that pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics similar to that of alpha-tocopherol to be followed.

9.4 Metabolism / Metabolites

_In addition to any following information, owing to alpha-Tocopherol succinate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data._ It is generally believed that alpha-tocopherol succinate is ultimately de-esterified or cleaved to provide alpha-tocopherol once administered to the human body. It is consequently expected that pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics similar to that of alpha-tocopherol to be followed. Hepatic.

9.5 Biological Half-Life

_In addition to any following information, owing to alpha-Tocopherol succinate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data._ It is generally believed that alpha-tocopherol succinate is ultimately de-esterified or cleaved to provide alpha-tocopherol once administered to the human body. It is consequently expected that pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics similar to that of alpha-tocopherol to be followed.

9.6 Mechanism of Action

Without further evidence to suggest otherwise, alpha-tocpherol succinate is generally believed to undergo a logical de-esterification in the gastrointestinal tract before being subsequently absorbed as free tocopherol. The free alpha-tocopherol is therefore available and capable of the following activities. Vitamin E's antioxidant capabilities are perhaps the primary biological action associated with alpha-tocopherol. In general, antioxidants protect cells from the damaging effects of free radicals, which are molecules that consist of an unshared electron. These unshared electrons are highly energetic and react rapidly with oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS). In doing so, free radicals are capable of damaging cells, which may facilitate their contribution to the development of various diseases. Moreover, the human body naturally forms ROS when it converts food into energy and is also exposed to environmental free radicals contained in cigarette smoke, air pollution, or ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It is believed that perhaps vitamin E antioxidants might be able to protect body cells from the damaging effects of such frequent free radical and ROS exposure. Specifically, vitamin E is a chain-breaking antioxidant that prevents the propagation of free radical reactions. The vitamin E molecule is specifically a peroxyl radical scavenger and especially protects polyunsaturated fatty acids within endogenous cell membrane phospholipids and plasma lipoproteins. Peroxyl free radicals react with vitamin E a thousand times more rapidly than they do with the aforementioned polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the phenolic hydroxyl group of tocopherol reacts with an organic peroxyl radical to form an organic hydroperoxide and tocopheroxyl radical. This tocopheroxyl radical can then undergo various possible reactions: it could (a) be reduced by other antioxidants to tocopherol, (b) react with another tocopheroxyl radical to form non-reactive products like tocopherol dimers, (c) undergo further oxidation to tocopheryl quinone, or (d) even act as a prooxidant and oxidize other lipids. In addition to the antioxidant actions of vitamin E, there have been a number of studies that report various other specific molecular functions associated with vitamin E. For example, alpha-tocopherol is capable of inhibiting protein kinase C activity, which is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in smooth muscle cells, human platelets, and monocytes. In particular, protein kinase C inhibition by alpha-tocopherol is partially attributable to its attenuating effect on the generation of membrane-derived dialglycerol, a lipid that facilitates protein kinase C translocation, thereby increasing its activity. In addition, vitamin E enrichment of endothelial cells downregulates the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), thereby decreasing the adhesion of blood cell components to the endothelium. Vitamin E also upregulates the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase-1. The increased expression of these two rate-limiting enzymes in the arachidonic acid cascade explains the observation that vitamin E, in a dose-dependent fashion, enhanced the release of prostacyclin, a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation in humans. Furthermore, vitamin E can inhibit platelet adhesion, aggregation, and platelet release reactions. The vitamin can also evidently inhibit the plasma generation of thrombin, a potent endogenous hormone that binds to platelet receptors and induces aggregation of platelets. Moreover, vitamin E may also be able to decrease monocyte adhesion to the endothellium by downregulating expression of adhesion molecules and decreasing monocyte superoxide production. Given these proposed biological activities of vitamin E, the substance continues to generate ongoing interest and studies in whether or not vitamin E can assist in delaying or preventing various diseases with any one or more of its biologic actions. For instance, studies continue to see whether vitamin E's ability to inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation can aid in preventing the development of cardiovascular disease or atherogenesis. Similarly, it is also believed that if vitamin E can decrease the chance of cardiovascular disease then it can also decrease the chance of related diabetic disease and complications. In much the same way, it is also believed that perhaps the antioxidant abilities of vitamin E can neutralize free radicals that are constantly reacting and damaging cellular DNA. Furthermore, it is also believed that free radical damage does contribute to protein damage in the ocular lens - another free radical-mediated condition that may potentially be prevented by vitamin E use. Where it is also suggested that various central nervous system disorders like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, and Tardive Dyskinesia possess some form of oxidative stress component, it is also proposed that perhaps vitamin E use could assist with its antioxidant action. There have also been studies that report the possibility of vitamin E supplementation can improve or reverse the natural decline in cellular immune function in healthy, elderly individuals. As of this time, however, there is either only insufficient data or even contradicting data (where certain doses of vitamin E supplementation could even potentially increase all-cause mortality) on which to suggest the use of vitamin E could formally benefit in any of these proposed indications. Furthermore, there are ongoing studies that demonstrate alpha-tocopherol succinate's unique possession of capabilities that allow it to induce differentiation, inhibit proliferation and apoptosis in cancer cells, enhance the growth-inhibitory effect of ionizing radiation, hyperthermia, and some chemotherapeutic agents and biological response modifiers on tumor cells, all the while protecting normal cells against any adverse effects. Despite being able to demonstrate such effects on animal and human cells in culture, the value of these effects has not drawn significant attention from researchers and clinicians and nor has the specific mechanisms of action been elucidated. Additionally, other studies have also shown that alpha-tocopherol succinate seemingly possesses an ability exclusive from other tocopherol esters to inhibit and minimize prostaglandin E2 production in human lung epithelial cells. Considering increased prostaglandin E2 production has been observed frequently in lung cancer patients, there may be another avenue in which alpha-tocopherol succinate may be able to treat lung cancer. Nevertheless, the possibility of such activity requires further elucidation.

10 Use and Manufacturing

10.1 Uses

Cosmetic Ingredient Review Link
CIR ingredient: Tocopheryl Succinate
EPA CPDat Chemical and Product Categories
The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018), DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125

10.2 General Manufacturing Information

EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status
Butanedioic acid, 1-[(2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl] ester: ACTIVE

11 Safety and Hazards

11.1 Hazards Identification

11.1.1 GHS Classification

Note
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 100% (120 of 120) of all reports. Pictograms displayed are for < 0.1% (0 of 120) of reports that indicate hazard statements.
GHS Hazard Statements

Not Classified

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 120 of 120 companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 120 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 120 of 120 reports by companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

There are 0 notifications provided by 0 of 120 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

11.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Not Classified

11.1.3 Fire Hazards

Flash point data for this compound are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

11.2 First Aid Measures

11.2.1 First Aid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

11.3 Fire Fighting

Fires involving this compound should be controlled using a Halon, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

11.4 Handling and Storage

11.4.1 Nonfire Spill Response

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: You should dampen the solid spill material with acetone, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the adsorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

11.5 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

11.5.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

11.6 Stability and Reactivity

11.6.1 Air and Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

11.6.2 Reactive Group

Acids, Carboxylic

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Acids, Weak

11.6.3 Reactivity Profile

D-ALPHA-TOCOPHERYL ACID SUCCINATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.

11.7 Regulatory Information

The Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
Chemical: Butanedioic acid, mono[3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl] ester, [2R-[2R*(4R*,8R*)]]-
REACH Registered Substance
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Butanedioic acid, mono[(2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl] ester: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status
Vitamin E succinate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

11.8 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment
Evaluation - Tocopherols and their salts and esters

12 Toxicity

12.1 Toxicological Information

12.1.1 Acute Effects

12.1.2 Protein Binding

_In addition to any following information, owing to alpha-Tocopherol succinate's closely related chemical nature with alpha-Tocopherol acetate, please also refer to the drug information page for alpha-Tocopherol acetate for further data._ It is generally believed that alpha-tocopherol succinate is ultimately de-esterified or cleaved to provide alpha-tocopherol once administered to the human body. It is consequently expected that pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics similar to that of alpha-tocopherol to be followed. Bound to beta-lipoproteins in blood.

13 Literature

13.1 Consolidated References

13.2 NLM Curated PubMed Citations

13.3 Springer Nature References

13.4 Wiley References

13.5 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.6 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

13.7 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

14 Patents

14.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

14.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

14.3 Chemical Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.4 Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Patents

14.5 Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Patents

15 Interactions and Pathways

15.1 Chemical-Target Interactions

15.2 Drug-Drug Interactions

16 Biological Test Results

16.1 BioAssay Results

17 Taxonomy

18 Classification

18.1 MeSH Tree

18.2 NCI Thesaurus Tree

18.3 ChEBI Ontology

18.4 KEGG: ATC

18.5 KEGG: OTC drugs

18.6 ChemIDplus

18.7 CAMEO Chemicals

18.8 ChEMBL Target Tree

18.9 UN GHS Classification

18.10 EPA CPDat Classification

18.11 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

18.12 EPA DSSTox Classification

18.13 EPA TSCA and CDR Classification

18.14 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

19 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
    Butanedioic acid, mono[3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl] ester, [2R-[2R*(4R*,8R*)]]-
    https://services.industrialchemicals.gov.au/search-assessments/
    Butanedioic acid, mono[3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl] ester, [2R-[2R*(4R*,8R*)]]-
    https://services.industrialchemicals.gov.au/search-inventory/
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
    LICENSE
    CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data.
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    D-ALPHA-TOCOPHERYL ACID SUCCINATE
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/21118
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. CAS Common Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
  4. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  5. DrugBank
    LICENSE
    Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)
    https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_use
    alpha-Tocopherol succinate
    https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB14001
  6. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
    Butanedioic acid, 1-[(2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl] ester
    https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
    EPA TSCA Classification
    https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
  7. EPA DSSTox
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  8. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
    LICENSE
    Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
    α-tocopheryl hydrogen succinate
    https://chem.echa.europa.eu/100.022.186
  9. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  10. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
    LICENSE
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.
    https://www.epa.govt.nz/about-this-site/general-copyright-statement/
    Butanedioic acid, mono[(2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl] ester
    https://www.epa.govt.nz/industry-areas/hazardous-substances/guidance-for-importers-and-manufacturers/hazardous-substances-databases/
  11. ChEBI
  12. ChEMBL
    LICENSE
    Access to the web interface of ChEMBL is made under the EBI's Terms of Use (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html). The ChEMBL data is made available on a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).
    http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html
  13. Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
  14. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)
  15. DailyMed
  16. Drug Gene Interaction database (DGIdb)
    LICENSE
    The data used in DGIdb is all open access and where possible made available as raw data dumps in the downloads section.
    http://www.dgidb.org/downloads
  17. FDA Substances Added to Food
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  18. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  19. KEGG
    LICENSE
    Academic users may freely use the KEGG website. Non-academic use of KEGG generally requires a commercial license
    https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/legal.html
    Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification
    http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
    Classification of Japanese OTC drugs
    http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08313.keg
  20. Metabolomics Workbench
  21. National Drug Code (NDC) Directory
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  22. Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS)
  23. NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise indicated, all text within NCI products is free of copyright and may be reused without our permission. Credit the National Cancer Institute as the source.
    https://www.cancer.gov/policies/copyright-reuse
  24. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
    LICENSE
    Data covered by the Standard Reference Data Act of 1968 as amended.
    https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law
    D-.alpha.-Tocopherol Succinate
    http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist1a.cfm
  25. NLM RxNorm Terminology
    LICENSE
    The RxNorm Terminology is created by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and is in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from NLM. Credit to the U.S. National Library of Medicine as the source is appreciated but not required. The full RxNorm dataset requires a free license.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/termsofservice.html
    alpha-tocopherol succinate, D-
    https://rxnav.nlm.nih.gov/id/rxnorm/1426447
  26. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
    LICENSE
    Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    Vitamin e hemisuccinate
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  27. SpectraBase
  28. Springer Nature
  29. Wikidata
  30. Wiley
  31. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
    LICENSE
    Works produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.
    https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
  32. PubChem
  33. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  34. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  35. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
CONTENTS