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2,4,5-t Isobutyl ester

PubChem CID
21058
Structure
2,4,5-t Isobutyl ester_small.png
2,4,5-t Isobutyl ester_3D_Structure.png
Molecular Formula
Synonyms
  • 2,4,5-t Isobutyl ester
  • 4938-72-1
  • 2,4,5-T-isobutyl
  • Isobutyl 2,4,5-T
  • 2,4,5-T-ISO-BUTYL ESTER
Molecular Weight
311.6 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Dates
  • Create:
    2005-03-27
  • Modify:
    2025-01-11
Description
Isobutyl 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate is an off-white solid. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

1 Structures

1.1 2D Structure

Chemical Structure Depiction
2,4,5-t Isobutyl ester.png

1.2 3D Conformer

2 Names and Identifiers

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

2-methylpropyl 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetate
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/C12H13Cl3O3/c1-7(2)5-18-12(16)6-17-11-4-9(14)8(13)3-10(11)15/h3-4,7H,5-6H2,1-2H3
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.3 InChIKey

KIIVFWSIMRWBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.1.4 SMILES

CC(C)COC(=O)COC1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)Cl
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2024.12.12)

2.2 Molecular Formula

C12H13Cl3O3
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)

2.3 Other Identifiers

2.3.1 CAS

4938-72-1

2.3.2 European Community (EC) Number

2.3.3 UNII

2.3.4 UN Number

2.3.5 ChEMBL ID

2.3.6 DSSTox Substance ID

2.3.7 Nikkaji Number

2.3.8 Wikidata

2.4 Synonyms

2.4.1 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

3.1 Computed Properties

Property Name
Molecular Weight
Property Value
311.6 g/mol
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
XLogP3
Property Value
5
Reference
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
Property Value
3
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Rotatable Bond Count
Property Value
6
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Exact Mass
Property Value
309.993027 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Monoisotopic Mass
Property Value
309.993027 Da
Reference
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Topological Polar Surface Area
Property Value
35.5 Ų
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Heavy Atom Count
Property Value
18
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Formal Charge
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Complexity
Property Value
273
Reference
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Property Name
Isotope Atom Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
Property Value
0
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
Property Value
1
Reference
Computed by PubChem
Property Name
Compound Is Canonicalized
Property Value
Yes
Reference
Computed by PubChem (release 2021.10.14)

3.2 Experimental Properties

3.2.1 Physical Description

Isobutyl 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate is an off-white solid. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
2,4,5,-T esters: Amber to dark amber liquid; [HSDB] Off-white solid; [CAMEO]

3.2.2 Flash Point

265-420 °F (OPEN CUP) /2,4,5-T ESTERS/
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

3.2.3 Solubility

less than 1 mg/mL at 75 °F (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

3.2.4 Density

Density: 1.2 @ 20 °C (liq) /2,4,5-T esters/
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

3.2.5 Corrosivity

May attack some forms of plastics /2,4,5-T esters/
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
The salts & esters of 2,4,5-T are non-corrosive under normal application conditions /2,4,5-T/
Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987., p. A375/Aug 87

3.2.6 Kovats Retention Index

Standard non-polar
1956.5

3.2.7 Other Experimental Properties

AMBER OR DARK AMBER COLORED LIQUID /2,4,5-T ESTERS/
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.
Very weak odor; mixtures with kerosene or diesel oil have odor of the solvent /2,4,5-T esters/
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

3.3 SpringerMaterials Properties

3.4 Chemical Classes

3.4.1 Pesticides

Pesticides -> Herbicides, Chlorophenoxy

4 Spectral Information

4.1 Mass Spectrometry

4.1.1 GC-MS

1 of 5
View All
NIST Number
76085
Library
Main library
Total Peaks
115
m/z Top Peak
57
m/z 2nd Highest
41
m/z 3rd Highest
29
Thumbnail
Thumbnail
2 of 5
View All
NIST Number
222538
Library
Replicate library
Total Peaks
32
m/z Top Peak
57
m/z 2nd Highest
41
m/z 3rd Highest
29
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

6 Chemical Vendors

7 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

7.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

THE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUNDS ARE ABSORBED ACROSS THE GUT WALL, LUNG, & THE SKIN. THEY ARE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY FAT STORABLE. EXCRETION OCCURS WITHIN HOURS, OR AT MOST DAYS, PRIMARILY IN THE URINE. /CHLOROPHENOXY CMPD/
Morgan, D.P. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. EPA 540/9-80-005. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1982., p. 28
IN SHEEP GIVEN ORAL DOSE OF 25 MG/KG OF 2,4,5-T ESTER PEAK PLASMA CONCN OF 10 PPM ... FOUND 3-4 HR LATER; 86% OF ADMIN DOSE WAS RECOVERED FROM URINE IN UNALTERED FORM, & 1.4% AS FREE ACID, WITHIN 72 HR. THERE WAS LESS THAN 0.1 PPM OF 2,4,5-T IN TISSUES, BUT IN SHEEP POISONED BY REPEATED DOSES OF 2,4,5-T TISSUE LEVELS WERE 368 PPM. /2,4,5-T ESTERS/
Clarke, M. L., D. G. Harvey and D. J. Humphreys. Veterinary Toxicology. 2nd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1981., p. 133

7.2 Biological Half-Life

THESE HERBICIDES /CHLOROPHENOXY CMPD/ DO NOT ACCUM IN ANIMALS. THEY ARE NOT EXTENSIVELY METAB BUT ARE ACTIVELY EXCRETED INTO THE URINE ... THEIR PLASMA HALF-LIFE IN MAN IS ABOUT 1 DAY. /CHLOROPHENOXY HERBICIDES/
Gilman, A.G., L.S.Goodman, and A. Gilman. (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 7th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1985., p. 1645

7.3 Mechanism of Action

They exert their herbicidal action by acting as a growth hormone in plants. They have no hormonal action in animals, but their mechanism of toxic action is poorly understood. /Chlorophenoxy compounds/
Doull, J., C.D.Klassen, and M.D. Amdur (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. 3rd ed., New York: Macmillan Co., Inc., 1986., p. 554

8 Use and Manufacturing

8.1 Uses

Sources/Uses
Used as herbicide for food crops, sugarcane, rangeland, and industrial areas; [HSDB]
Restricted Notes
No longer registered as a pesticide for use in the US; [HSDB]
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure
Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]
In March 1985 the EPA terminated all registrations for the use of this herbicide on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland and other noncrop sites. This follows the 1970 of the Department of Agriculture halting the use of the pesticide on all food crops except rice ... . /2,4,5-T/
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1610
For Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Isobutyl Ester (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 082062) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Pesticide Program's Chemical Ingredients Database on Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Isobutyl Ester (4938-72-1). Available from, as of June 24, 2002: https://npirspublic.ceris.purdue.edu/ppis/
2,4,5-T: U.S. Banned. /2,4,5-T; From table/
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Pesticide Program; U.S. List of "Banned" or "Severely Restricted" Pesticides and U.N. PIC Pesticides. Available from, as of June 24, 2002: https://epa.gov/oppfead1/international/us-unlist.htm
2,4,5-T salts & esters are used widely to control woody plants on industrial sites & rangeland /2,4,5-T salts and esters; former use/
Farm Chemicals Handbook 1986. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister Publishing Co., 1986., p. C-223
For more Uses (Complete) data for 2,4,5-T, ISOBUTYL ESTER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

8.2 Methods of Manufacturing

Esters of 2,4,5-T are synthesized by esterification of acid with appropriate alkyl alcohol. /2,4,5-T esters/
National Research Council. Drinking Water & Health Volume 1. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1977., p. 500
Chlorophenoxy ester herbicides can ... be produced by direct reaction of chlorophenol with appropriate chloroacetic esters ... /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V41 358 (1986)

8.3 Impurities

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxin (I) ... was detected in technical samples of ... 2,4,5-T alkyl esters. ... Thirty-two samples of 50% 2,4,5-T alkyl esters in mineral oil, 8 contained <0.05 ppm 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxin, and 18 <0.5 ppm 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxin. The maximum found was 28.3 ppm.
Edmunds JW et al; Pest Sci 4 (1): 101-5 (1973)
... Dioxins ... still are present /but to lesser extent/ as impurities in commercial preparations of the trichlorophenoxy herbicides. /Trichlorophenoxy herbicides/
Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. III-132
IT WAS CONCLUDED @ STOCKHOLM CONF, FEB 7-9, 1977, THAT THE ONLY DIOXIN FOUND IN PHENOXY ACID HERBICIDES WHICH IS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN IS TCDD /2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN/; IT IS FOUND IN 2,4,5-T & 2,4,5-TP. /PHENOXY ACID HERBICIDES/
INT CONF ON CHLORINATED PHENOXY ACIDS & THEIR DIOXINS AMBIO 6 (4): 242-3 (1977)

8.4 Formulations / Preparations

Agent Purple (n-butyl esters of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, and isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T). /Former/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V15 307 (1977)
Monsanto 2,4,5-T Butyl Ester (isobutyl & n-butyl esters of 2,4,5-T). /Former/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V15 328 (1977)
GRADES: TECHNICAL, 96-99%; 55-65% SOLUTIONS IN KEROSENE OR DIESEL OIL. /2,4,5-T ESTERS; FORMER/
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

8.5 Consumption Patterns

/FORMER USES:/ INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL USES, 63%; RANGELAND, 26%; RICE (EXCLUDING ISOOCTYL ESTER) 8%; LAWNS & TURF, 3% (1983-INCL 2,4,5-TRICHOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID, ESTERS, & SALTS)
SRI

8.6 General Manufacturing Information

Chlorophenoxy herbicides are applied alone or as mixtures with other herbicides, in solutions, dispersions, or emulsions in water &/or oil, using equipment that produces large droplets to avoid spray drift. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V41 368 (1986)
Relatively high volatility esters ... /of 2,4,5-T incl/ methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl & others known to possess relatively high vapor activity. These esters ... are liquids which, when properly formulated form emulsions when mixed with water. Because they are highly volatile, they should not be used under high temp conditions for weed control in areas adjacent to susceptible plants, such as cotton, tomatoes, grapes, flowers, & ornamentals.
Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980., p. 1208
New Zealand: The spraying of phenoxyherbicides is restricted within prescribed distances of vineyards. /Phenoxyherbicides/
Que Hee SS, Sutherland RG; The Phenoxyalkanoic Herbicides p.127 (1981)
THE ACTION ... OF /2,4,5-T SALTS & ESTERS/ ARE SIMILAR TO 2,4-D PREPARATIONS, ALTHOUGH ESTER FORMULATIONS ARE SOMEWHAT LESS VOLATILE. /2,4,5-T/
Farm Chemicals Handbook 1986. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister Publishing Co., 1986., p. C-223

8.7 Sampling Procedures

SRP: The ester can be sampled from the air by tenax GC, silica gel, or Chromosorb 102 and eluted thermally by a non-polar solvent.

9 Identification

9.1 Analytic Laboratory Methods

Product analysis is by ... GLC of a suitable ester ... . Residues may be determined by GLC of a suitable ester. /2,4,5-T/
Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987., p. 761
Samples of phenoxyalkanoic herbicides in whole plants are acidified, hydrolyzed, and extracted into ether, and analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography (EC/GC) ... using a pyrex column ... packed with 1:1 10% DC 200/15% QF-1 on 80/100 mesh Chromosorb W (AW-DMCS). The injector, column, and (63)Ni electron capture detector temperatures are 220, 195, and 220 °C, respectively. The flow rate of nitrogen carrier is 80 ml/min. /Phenoxyalkanoic Herbicides/
Que Hee SS, Sutherland RG; The Phenoxyalkanoic Acid Herbicides p.196 (1981)
2,4,5-T and /its esters/ in pesticide formulations are determined by automated liquid chromatographic method after extraction of sample into hexane. (Method is modification of liq chromatography method of 2,4-D, 6.288-6.292) ...by collecting major portion extracted with hexane ... .
Association of Official Analytic Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC. 14th ed. Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytic Chemists, Inc., 1984., p. 14/124 6.391
CHLOROPHENOXYALKANOIC ACID HERBICIDES WERE ANALYZED ON UNMODIFIED SILICA GEL & ON REVERSE PHASE SILICA GEL. AN EFFECTIVE RETENTION OF THE SUBSTANCES AS WELL AS GOOD SEPARATION ON THE REVERSE PHASE PERISORB RP-2 WAS OBTAINED BY ADDING 60 MMOLES TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE/L OF MOBILE PHASE. THE UV SPECTRA OF 7 ACTIVE INGREDIENTS & 3 CHLOROPHENOLS WERE RECORDED. IN MANY CASES THEY SHOWED AN ABSORPTION MIN NEAR THE MOST APPLIED UV WAVELENGTH OF 254 NM. /CHLOROPHENOXYALKANOIC ACID HERBICIDES/
PRIBYL J ET AL; J CHROMATOGR 153 (2): 399-408 (1978)
For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for 2,4,5-T, ISOBUTYL ESTER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

10 Safety and Hazards

10.1 Hazards Identification

10.1.1 GHS Classification

Pictogram(s)
Irritant
Environmental Hazard
Signal
Warning
GHS Hazard Statements

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Precautionary Statement Codes

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501

(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

ECHA C&L Notifications Summary

Aggregated GHS information provided per 38 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

10.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Acute Tox. 4 (100%)

Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)

Eye Irrit. 2 (100%)

STOT SE 3 (100%)

Aquatic Acute 1 (100%)

Aquatic Chronic 1 (100%)

10.1.3 Health Hazards

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include skin and eye irritation.

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may cause irritation on contact. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.1.4 Fire Hazards

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.1.5 Hazards Summary

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid esters: Solids; Mild eye irritants that may cause transient corneal injury; [CAMEO] A skin and eye irritant; Chlorophenoxy compounds have a plasma half-life of about 1 day and do not accumulate in mammals; [HSDB] See 2,4,5T.

10.1.6 Fire Potential

They will burn, though they may take some effort to ignite. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 694

10.1.7 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Irritating to skin and eyes. /2,4,5-T esters/
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

10.1.8 EPA Hazardous Waste Number

F027; A hazardous waste from nonspecific sources when a component of a discarded unused formulation. /2,4,5-T/

10.2 First Aid Measures

10.2.1 First Aid

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.3 Fire Fighting

Fires involving this material can be controlled using a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.3.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 694
WATER, FOAM, DRY CHEM, CARBON DIOXIDE. ... WATER OR FOAM MAY CAUSE FROTHING. /2,4,5-T ESTERS/
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

10.4 Accidental Release Measures

10.4.1 Isolation and Evacuation

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

10.4.2 Cleanup Methods

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 694
Water spill: If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 694

10.4.3 Disposal Methods

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number F027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /2,4,5-T cmpd/
40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/89)
Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/
40 CFR 165.9 (a) (7/1/88)
Group II Containers: Noncombustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/
40 CFR 165.9 (b) (7/1/88)

10.4.4 Preventive Measures

If material /is not/ involved in a fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 694
Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 694
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

10.5 Handling and Storage

10.5.1 Nonfire Spill Response

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures and away from mineral acids and bases. (NTP, 1992)

National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

10.6 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

10.6.1 Threshold Limit Values (TLV)

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 mg/cu m. /2,4,5-T/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 54
Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /2,4,5-T/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 5
A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /2,4,5-T/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 54

10.6.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Wear appropriate chemical protective ... boots and goggles. /2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt/
Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 694
... Rubber gloves ... /2,4,5-T esters/
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

10.7 Stability and Reactivity

10.7.1 Air and Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

10.7.2 Reactive Group

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Ethers

Aryl Halides

10.7.3 Reactivity Profile

ISOBUTYL 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETATE is an ester of a chlorinated organic acid. May react exothermically with acids to generate isobutyl alcohol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat may also be generated with caustic solutions.

10.8 Transport Information

10.8.1 Shipping Name / Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO

NA 2765; 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine, ester, or salt
UN 3000; Phenoxy pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified

10.8.2 Standard Transportation Number

49 623 90; 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic amine, ester, or salt; 2,4,5-T amine, ester, or salt

10.8.3 Shipment Methods and Regulations

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/96)
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 38th ed. Montreal, Canada and Geneva, Switzerland: International Air Transport Association, Dangerous Goods Board, January, 1997., p. 196
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.
IMDG; International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; International Maritime Organization p.3097-1,6193,6194,6195 (1988)

10.8.4 DOT Label

Class 9

10.9 Regulatory Information

10.9.1 Federal Drinking Water Guidelines

EPA 70 ug/l /2,4,5-T/
USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present

10.9.2 State Drinking Water Guidelines

(ME) MAINE 70 ug/l /2,4,5-T/
USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present
(MN) MINNESOTA 70 ug/l /2,4,5-T/
USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present

10.9.3 Clean Water Act Requirements

2,4,5-T Esters are designated as hazardous substances under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. /2,4,5-T Esters/
40 CFR 116.4 (7/1/2001)

10.9.4 CERCLA Reportable Quantities

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /2,4,5-T Esters/
40 CFR 302.4 (7/1/2001)

10.9.5 RCRA Requirements

F027; As stated in 40 CFR 261.31, discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulation containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols. (This listing does not include formulations containing hexachlorophene synthesized from prepurified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol as the sole component.). /2,4,5-T/
40 CFR 261.31 (7/1/2001)

10.10 Other Safety Information

Chemical Assessment

IMAP assessments - Acetic acid, (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-, 2-methylpropyl ester: Environment tier I assessment

IMAP assessments - Acetic acid, (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-, 2-methylpropyl ester: Human health tier I assessment

10.10.1 Toxic Combustion Products

Hydrogen chloride gas and other irritating fumes may form during fires. /2,4,5-T esters/
U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.

10.10.2 Special Reports

Nat'l Research Council Canada; Phenoxy Herbicides Their Effects on Environmental Quality (1978) NRCC No. 16075
Vet Admin Rev Lit on Herbicides (1981) VA Contract No. V101(93) p-823

11 Toxicity

11.1 Toxicological Information

11.1.1 Evidence for Carcinogenicity

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: limited; Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides; From table/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. S7 60 (1987)
A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /2,4,5-T/
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH, 2008, p. 54

11.1.2 Adverse Effects

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

11.1.3 Human Toxicity Excerpts

The chlorophenoxy herbicides have produced contact dermatitis in man ... . /Chlorophenoxy compounds/
Doull, J., C.D.Klassen, and M.D. Amdur (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. 3rd ed., New York: Macmillan Co., Inc., 1986., p. 554
INHALATION OF SPRAY MAY CAUSE BURNING SENSATIONS IN THE NASOPHARYNX & CHEST, & COUGHING MAY RESULT. PROLONGED INHALATION SOMETIMES CAUSES DIZZINESS. /CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUNDS/
Morgan, D.P. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. EPA 540/9-80-005. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1982., p. 29
WHEN INGESTED, HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUNDS MAY IRRITATE THE MOUTH & THROAT, & GI TRACT. ... CHEST PAIN (FROM ESOPHAGITIS), ABDOMINAL PAIN & DIARRHEA COMMONLY ENSUE. ... ABSORBED CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUNDS HAVE CAUSED FIBRILLARY MUSCLE TWITCHING, SKELETAL MUSCLE TENDERNESS, & MYOTONIA ... INGESTION OF VERY LARGE AMOUNTS HAS PRODUCED METABOLIC ACIDOSIS, FEVER, TACHYCARDIA, HYPERVENTILATION, VASODILATATION & SWEATING. PARTICULAR CASES HAVE BEEN CHARACTERIZED BY COMA & CONVULSIONS. /CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUNDS/
Morgan, D.P. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. EPA 540/9-80-005. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1982., p. 29
Phenoxyherbicides including (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid have been widely used in New Zealand for over 30 years. In the light of Swedish studies reporting an association between exposure to phenoxyherbicides or chlorophenols and soft tissue sarcoma, a case-control study was undertaken that involved interviewing 82 subjects (cases) with soft tissue sarcoma and 92 controls with other types of cancer. For those potentially exposed to phenoxyherbicides for more than 1 day not in the 5 years before cancer registration, the estimate of relative risk was 1.3, with 90% confidence limits of 0.6-2.5. The comparable relative risk estimate for chlorophenol exposure was 1.5, with 90% confidence limits of 0.5-4.5. The discovery of cases in trichlorophenol manufacturing plants in the United States lended support to the Swedish findings but further studies are needed to conclude whether human exposure to these chemicals truly increases the risk of soft tissue sarcoma. /Phenoxyherbicides/
Smith AH et al; JNCI 73: 1111-17 (1984)
A previous case-control study which used the occupational information available on the New Zealand Cancer Registry found that agricultural workers were at increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The findings are now presented for the second phase of the study which entailed interviewing 83 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma registered under code 202 of the International Classification of Diseases together with 168 controls with other types of cancer and 228 general population controls. The findings for the two control groups were similar, and there were no significant differences between cases and controls regarding potential exposure to phenoxyherbicides (odds ratio= 1.4, 90% confidence limits 0.7-2.5, p= 0.26) or chlorophenols (odds ratio= 1.3, 90% confidence limits 0.6-2.7, p= 0.39). The odds ratio for fencing work, necessitating exposure to several potential risk factors including arsenic and sodium pentachlorophenate was 2.0 (90% confidence limits 1.3-3.0, p= 0.01). The odds ratio for employment in a meat works, necessitating potential exposure to 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and zoonotic viruses, was 1.8 (90% confidence limits 1.1-3.1, p= 0.04). There was a significant statistical interaction between the risks associated with these two activities, the odds ratio for involvement in both activities compared with involvement in neither being 5.7 (90% confidence limits 2.3, p= 0.03). /Phenoxyherbicides, chlorophenols, arsenic, and sodium pentachlorophenate/
Pearce NE et al; Br J Ind Med 43: 75-83 (1986)

11.1.4 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

Components of the herbicide Agent Orange: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and their esters, and the contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related chemicals were tested for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537. All chemicals were tested by modified Ames Salmonella plate incorporation assay. Tests were conducted in the absence & presence of S9 mix. No mutagenic activity was observed for any of the chemicals tested. Doses for 2,4,5-T isobutyl ester: 0.0, 100, 333 & 1000, 3333 & 10000 ug/plate.
Mortelmans K et al; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 75 (1): 137-46 (1984)
Concern about the toxicology of 2,4,5-T & related compounds centers primarily on teratogenic action in exptl animals. The 1st studies to reveal this action were ... conducted with a sample of 2,4,5-T that contained a high level (about 30 ppm) of contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. This contaminant is formed during synthesis of the trichlorophenol precursor. /Chlorophenoxy compounds/
Doull, J., C.D.Klassen, and M.D. Amdur (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. 3rd ed., New York: Macmillan Co., Inc., 1986., p. 554
ANIMALS POISONED PRESENT AN OVERALL PICTURE OF LOSS OF APPETITE, LOSS OF WEIGHT, DEPRESSION, /POOR/ ... APPEARANCE, GENERAL TENSENESS & MUSCULAR WEAKNESS, PARTICULARLY IN THE HIND LEGS. LARGE ORAL DOSES ELICIT VOMITING IN THOSE SPECIES CAPABLE OF DOING SO. /CHLOROPHENOXY DERIV OF FATTY ACIDS/
Clarke, M. L., D. G. Harvey and D. J. Humphreys. Veterinary Toxicology. 2nd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1981., p. 134
Pathologic changes in exptl animals killed by the chlorophenoxy compounds are generally nonspecific with irritation of stomach & some liver & kidney injury. /Chlorophenoxy compounds/
Doull, J., C.D.Klassen, and M.D. Amdur (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. 3rd ed., New York: Macmillan Co., Inc., 1986., p. 554

11.2 Ecological Information

11.2.1 Ecotoxicity Values

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) 12 mg/l/24 hr (50% emulsion of 2,4,5-T esters) /Conditions of bioassay not given/
Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. Old Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom: Royal Society of Chemistry/Unwin Brothers Ltd., 1983., p. A375/Oct 83
LC50 Salmo gairdnerii (rainbow trout) 9.5 mg/l/48 hr (50% emulsion of 2,4,5-T esters) /Conditions of bioassay not given/
Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. Old Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom: Royal Society of Chemistry/Unwin Brothers Ltd., 1983., p. A375/Oct 83

11.2.2 Artificial Pollution Sources

... Assuming the densities of Purple and Pink were similar to Orange, one gallon of Purple or Pink would have weighed approximately 10.7 pounds. The specified formulation of Purple was ... 20% by weight the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T, so one gallon of the specified formulation of Purple would contain approximately ... 2.1 pounds of the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T. Therefore, Purple applied at 1.5 gallons per acre is estimated to have released a maximum of ... 3.2 pounds per acre of the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T. The specified formulation of Pink was 40% by weight the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T, so one gallon of the specified formulation of Pink would contain approximately 4.3 pounds of the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T. Therefore, Pink applied at 1.5 gallons per acre is estimated to have released a maximum of 6.5 pounds per acre of the isobutyl ester of 2,4,5-T.
Veterans Administration; Review of Literature on Herbicides, Including Phenoxy Herbicides and Associated Dioxins p.2-22 (1981) VA Contract No. V101(93) P-823

11.2.3 Environmental Fate

2,4,5-T ESTERS ARE RAPIDLY HYDROLYZED AFTER SPRAYING, & THE 2,4,5-T IS THEN FURTHER DECOMPOSED BY BACTERIAL ACTION. THE MAJOR PRODUCT OF 2,4,5-T PHOTODECOMPOSITION IS 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL. OTHER PRODUCTS IDENTIFIED INCLUDED 4,6-DICHLORORESORCINOL, 4-CHLORORESORCINOL, 2,4,5-TRICHLOROANISOLE. /2,4,5-T ESTERS/
National Research Council. Drinking Water & Health Volume 1. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1977., p. 500

11.2.4 Environmental Abiotic Degradation

From limited data available, it may be concluded that any phenoxy herbicide, whether applied as ester or as dimethylamine salt formulations, may be chemically transformed to the same phenoxyalkanoic anion in soil and water at rates dependent on pH. These anions would presumably reassociate with a variety of inorganic cations present in the soil to maintain electrical neutrality, and then undergo leaching and biological degradation. /Phenoxy esters/
Nat'l Research Council Canada; Phenoxyherbicides p.45 (1978) NRCC No. 16075

11.2.5 Atmospheric Concentrations

During mixing & spraying operations along power line right-of-way, airborne concn of 2,4,5-T esters were < 10-60 ug/cu m. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V41 376 (1986)

11.2.6 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

Exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides may occur through inhalation, skin contact or ingestion. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V41 369 (1986)
... Occupational exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides ... is known to have occurred during their production, formulation, application & disposal. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V41 393 (1986)

12 Literature

12.1 Consolidated References

13 Patents

13.1 Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers

13.2 WIPO PATENTSCOPE

14 Biological Test Results

14.1 BioAssay Results

15 Classification

15.1 ChemIDplus

15.2 CAMEO Chemicals

15.3 UN GHS Classification

15.4 NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

15.5 EPA DSSTox Classification

15.6 EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

15.7 MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology

16 Information Sources

  1. Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)
    Acetic acid, (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-, 2-methylpropyl ester
    https://services.industrialchemicals.gov.au/search-assessments/
  2. CAMEO Chemicals
    LICENSE
    CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data.
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
    ISOBUTYL 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETATE
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/21057
    CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
    https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
  3. CAS Common Chemistry
    LICENSE
    The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
  4. ChemIDplus
    ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
  5. EPA DSSTox
    Isobutyl (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetate
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID2026074
    CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
    https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
  6. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
    LICENSE
    Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
    https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
  7. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
    LICENSE
    Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.
    https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
  8. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  9. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
    LICENSE
    Copyright (c) 2022 Haz-Map(R). All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from Haz-Map are copyrighted by Haz-Map(R). No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
    https://haz-map.com/About
    2,4,5-T, isobutyl ester
    https://haz-map.com/Agents/5679
  10. ChEMBL
    LICENSE
    Access to the web interface of ChEMBL is made under the EBI's Terms of Use (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html). The ChEMBL data is made available on a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).
    http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html
  11. Japan Chemical Substance Dictionary (Nikkaji)
  12. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
    LICENSE
    Data covered by the Standard Reference Data Act of 1968 as amended.
    https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law
    Acetic acid, (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-, 2-methylpropyl ester
    http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist1a.cfm
  13. SpectraBase
    ACETIC ACID, (2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXY)-, 2-METHYLPROPYL ESTER
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/6nVrZFuHaQ9
    Isobutyl (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetate
    https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/2Py3EfahlAU
  14. SpringerMaterials
    (2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxy)-acetic acid isobutyl ester
    https://materials.springer.com/substanceprofile/docs/smsid_urvqwgkzsmfiervd
  15. Wikidata
  16. PubChem
  17. GHS Classification (UNECE)
  18. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
    LICENSE
    Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
    https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
  19. EPA Substance Registry Services
  20. MolGenie
    MolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontology
    https://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
  21. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
  22. NCBI
CONTENTS