Chloral Hydrate
- C2H3Cl3O2
- Cl3CCH(OH)2
- chloral hydrate
- 302-17-0
- 2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol
- Trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate
- Noctec
- Create:2005-03-25
- Modify:2025-01-04
C2H3Cl3O2
Cl3CCH(OH)2
- Chloral Hydrate
- Hydrate, Chloral
- Noctec
- chloral hydrate
- 302-17-0
- 2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol
- Trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate
- Noctec
- Tosyl
- Chloral monohydrate
- Chloraldurat
- Phaldrone
- Nycoton
- Chloralhydrate
- Chloradorm
- Cohidrate
- Felsules
- Kessodrate
- Oradrate
- Rectules
- Trawotox
- Dormal
- Lorinal
- Nycton
- Somnos
- Sontec
- Escre
- Hynos
- Knockout drops
- Somni Sed
- Aquachloral
- 1,1-Ethanediol, 2,2,2-trichloro-
- Somnote
- SK-Chloral hydrate
- Chlorali Hydras
- Trichloracetaldehyd-hydrat
- 2,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-ethanediol
- Hydrate de chloral
- Kloralhydrat
- Chloralex
- Chloralvan
- Hydral
- Novochlorhydrate
- 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-ethanediol
- Trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate
- 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-dihydroxyethane
- Chloraldural
- Chloralhydrat
- Chloralum
- Nortec
- Cloral hydrate
- Caswell No. 168
- Bi 3411
- NSC 3210
- Chloraldural [Swiss]
- Aquachloral Supprettes
- Trichloroacetaldehyde, hydrated
- CCRIS 4142
- HSDB 222
- Lycoral
- DTXSID7020261
- NSC-3210
- EINECS 206-117-5
- EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 268100
- BRN 1698497
- Ethanediol, 2,2,2-trichloro-
- UNII-418M5916WG
- CHEBI:28142
- AI3-00082
- 418M5916WG
- DTXCID70261
- Chloral hydrate [USP:BAN:JAN]
- 4-01-00-03143 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
- Chloraldural (Swiss)
- NCGC00159374-02
- NCGC00159374-03
- CHLORAL HYDRATE (IARC)
- CHLORAL HYDRATE [IARC]
- CLORAL HYDRATE (MART.)
- CLORAL HYDRATE [MART.]
- Chloraldurat [German]
- Chloral hydrate (USP:BAN:JAN)
- CHLORAL HYDRATE (EP IMPURITY)
- CHLORAL HYDRATE [EP IMPURITY]
- CHLORAL HYDRATE (EP MONOGRAPH)
- CHLORAL HYDRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
- Hydrate, Chloral
- CHLORAL HYDRATE (USP MONOGRAPH)
- CHLORAL HYDRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
- CAS-302-17-0
- Trichloracetaldehyd-hydrat [German]
- DEA No. 2465
- Noctec (TN)
- trichloroethanal hydrate
- WLN: QYQXGGG
- CHLORALUM [HPUS]
- CHLORAL, MONOHYDRATE
- 1, 2,2,2-trichloro-
- SCHEMBL34327
- CHLORAL HYDRATE [MI]
- CHLORAL HYDRATE [JAN]
- Chloral hydrate (JP18/USP)
- CHLORAL HYDRATE [HSDB]
- CHEMBL455917
- CHLORAL HYDRATE [VANDF]
- 2,2-Trichloro-1,1-ethanediol
- TRICHLOROETHYLIDENE GLYCOL
- CHLORAL HYDRATE [WHO-DD]
- CHLORAL HYDRATE [WHO-IP]
- NSC3210
- Chloral hydrate, p.a., 99.0%
- BCP31225
- 1,1-Trichloro-2,2-dihydroxyethane
- Tox21_111614
- Tox21_200110
- CHLORAL HYDRATE [GREEN BOOK]
- MFCD00044479
- STL445706
- AKOS009157238
- Tox21_111614_1
- CHLORALI HYDRAS [WHO-IP LATIN]
- DB01563
- 1ST10459W-1000M
- NCGC00159374-04
- NCGC00257664-01
- LS-12935
- DB-047727
- Chloral hydrate 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
- NS00009274
- Chloral hydrate, SAJ first grade, >=99.5%
- Trichloro acetaldehyde hydrate Chloral hydrate
- C06899
- Chloral hydrate, crystallized, >=98.0% (T)
- Chloral hydrate, SAJ special grade, >=99.7%
- Chloralhydrate 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
- D00265
- A936505
- Chloral hydrate Solution in Methanol, 1000ug/mL
- Q412340
- J-520014
- Q-200826
- F0001-0929
- InChI=1/C2H3Cl3O2/c3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h1,6-7
- 2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol;Trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate
- Chloral hydrate, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99.5-101%
- chloral hydrate;2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethanediol;1,1-ethanediol, 2,2,2-trichloro-;choral hydrate;2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diol;2,2,2trichloroethane1,1diol
- Moessbauer quadrupole effect
- Boiling point
- Chemical shift
- Crystal structure
- Density
- Formula unit
- Fusion temperature
- Heat of sublimation
- Lineshape
- Melting temperature
- Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy
- Optical coefficient
- Phase transition
- Quadrupole coupling
- Refractive index
- Space group
- Surface tension
- Transition enthalpy
- Unit cell
- Unit cell parameter
- Vapor pressure
- Viscosity
- Chloral (has active moiety)
- Chloral Hydrate; Magnesium Sulfate; Pentobarbital (component of)
Working with Glues and Adhesives [Category: Other]
Sewer and Wastewater Treatment [Category: Industry]
Use (kg) in Switzerland (2009): >250
Use (kg; approx.) in Germany (2009): >1000
Consumption (g per capita) in Switzerland (2009): 0.032
Consumption (g per capita; approx.) in Germany (2009): 0.012
Excretion rate: 1
Calculated removal (%): 45.5
H301 (99%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
H319 (99%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501
(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 97 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.
Acute Tox. 3 (99%)
Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)
Eye Irrit. 2 (99%)
Acute toxicity - category 3
Eye irritation - category 2
Skin irritation - category 2
SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include general anesthesia, cardiac arrythmias and blood pressure depression. Other symptoms include hemorrhagic gastritis, enteritis, central nervous system depression, coma, severe respiratory depression, ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest. Dermatitis, swelling of the lids, hyperemia, edema of the conjuctiva and a sensation of irritation and tearing may also occur. Exposure may result in gastric irritation, rapid circulatory collapse, kidney and liver damage, heart damage, psychosis and leukopenia. Flatulence, abdominal distension, nausea, headache, giddiness, rashes and blood dyscrasias can occur.
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is an irritant of the skin and eyes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of chlorine. (NTP, 1992)
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)
Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)
SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should keep this material in a tightly closed container under an inert atmosphere, and store it at ambient temperatures. This compound is a Schedule IV DEA Controlled Substance and is to be stored according to State and Federal Regulations. Refer to Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 Part 1300 to End. (NTP, 1992)
Alcohols and Polyols
Halogenated Organic Compounds
Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity; Neurotoxicity
Authoritative List - IARC Carcinogens - 2A; IRIS Neurotoxicants; Prop 65
Report - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the product
Gastrointestinal
Nervous
Chloral hydrate has been in clinical use for many decades and has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or instances of clinically apparent liver injury. While prospective studies of the effects of chloral hydrate on liver tests have not been done, the absence of reported instances of liver injury attributable to chloral hydrate suggests that it has little or no hepatic toxicity. Chloral hydrate has been linked to hypersensitivity reactions such as rash, fever and eosinophilia. Chloral hydrate also has major drug-drug interactions with oral anticoagulants, antidepressants and alcohol. In patients with cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation, chloral hydrate can trigger or worsen hepatic encephalopathy.
Likelihood score: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
Drug Class: Sedatives and Hypnotics, Miscellaneous
Volume 63: (1995) Dry Cleaning, Some Chlorinated Solvents and Other Industrial Chemicals
Volume 84: (2004) Some Drinking-water Disinfectants and Contaminants, including Arsenic
Volume 106: (2014) Trichloroethylene, Tetrachloroethylene, and Some Other Chlorinated Agents
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
Short-term or occasional use of chloral hydrate during breastfeeding is unlikely to adversely affect the breastfed infant, especially if the infant is older than 2 months. Because the active metabolite of chloral hydrate has a long half-life, other sedative-hypnotics are preferred for long-term use during breastfeeding, especially while nursing a neonate or preterm infant. Monitor the infant for sedation, poor feeding and poor weight gain.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
An old review article states that if an infant is breastfed within 45 minutes of a maternal dose of chloral hydrate while she is taking 1.5 grams twice daily, the infant will fall into a prolonged, restless sleep.
A single maternal rectal dose of 1.3 grams chloral hydrate in 50 women was stated to not adversely affect their breastfed newborn infants.
Minimal morning sedation occurred in a 5-month-old breastfed infant whose mother was taking 1.3 grams of dichloralphenazone (equivalent to about 1 gram of chloral hydrate) every evening plus chlorpromazine 100 mg 3 times daily. The infant's overall development was said to be normal at 3 months of age.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
Gastrointestinal
Nervous
Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.
Patents are available for this chemical structure:
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/result.jsf?inchikey=RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- Avoid alcohol. Ingesting alcohol may cause a disulfiram-like-reaction (flushing, dizziness, tachycardia).
- Take after a meal. If chloral hydrate is being used for sedation, it should be taken after meals. Otherwise, it can be taken with or without food.
- Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICIS)1,1-Ethanediol, 2,2,2-trichloro-https://services.industrialchemicals.gov.au/search-inventory/
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- ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
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- ChemIDplusChloral hydrate [USP:BAN:JAN]https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0000302170ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classificationhttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
- DrugBankLICENSECreative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_useChloral hydratehttps://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01563
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- California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA)
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- LiverTox
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- WikipediaBenzphetaminehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BenzphetamineChloral hydratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloral_hydrate
- Wiley
- Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)LICENSEWorks produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.htmlChloral Hydratehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68002697Hypnotics and Sedativeshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68006993
- PubChem
- GHS Classification (UNECE)GHS Classification Treehttp://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_welcome_e.html
- EPA Substance Registry ServicesEPA SRS List Classificationhttps://sor.epa.gov/sor_internet/registry/substreg/LandingPage.do
- MolGenieMolGenie Organic Chemistry Ontologyhttps://github.com/MolGenie/ontology/
- PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)SID 403379004https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/403379004
- NCBI