| Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of pPAFAH: fluorescence-based dose-response biochemical gel-based competitive Activity-Based Protein Profiling (ABPP) assay for SAR compounds - BioAssay Summary Name: Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of pPAFAH: fluorescence-based dose-response biochemical gel-based competitive Activity-Based Protein Profiling (ABPP) assay for SAR compounds. ..more |
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Target BioActive Compounds: 5 Depositor Specified Assays
Description: Source (MLPCN Center Name): The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (SRIMSC) Center Affiliation: The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) Assay Providers: Brian Bahnson (Univ. of Delaware); Benjamin Cravatt, (TSRI) Network: Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network (MLPCN) Grant Proposal Number: 1R01HL084366 Grant Proposal PI: Brian Bahnson External Assay ID: pPAFAH_INH_FLUO_GELBASEDABPP_3XIC50_SAR Name: Late stage assay provider results from the probe development effort to identify inhibitors of pPAFAH: fluorescence-based dose-response biochemical gel-based competitive Activity-Based Protein Profiling (ABPP) assay for SAR compounds. Description: This project aims to develop specific inhibitors of plasma platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (pPAFAH), and three associated members of the serine hydrolase family of enzymes-PAFAH2, PAFAH1b2, and PAFAH1b3. pPAFAH, an enzyme linked to the inflammatory pathways involved in atherosclerosis, asthma, anaphylactic shock, and other allergic reactions (1,2), is a lipoprotein-associated group VIIA phospholipase A2 that reduces the levels of the signaling molecule platelet activating factor (PAF) (3,4), a potent pro-inflammatory phospholipid signaling molecule (5), and other pro-inflammatory agents, such as oxidized phospholipids, through hydrolysis. A large number of studies have been published over the years since pPAFAH was first discovered linking an increase in pPAFAH concentration and/or activity to an increased risk of various cardiovascular diseases (6,7). The biological function of pPAFAH in the development of coronary heart diseases (CHD) is controversial, with both anti- and pro-inflammatory roles attributed to it (8,9). Dr. Bahnson and colleagues recently reported the first high-resolution crystal structure of the pPAFAH enzyme (10), and would like to expand their studies to co-crystallize pPAFAH with substrate-mimetic inhibitors to further define the active site and substrate specificity of pPAFAH. While one selective pPAFAH inhibitor has been reported (11), its properties are not suitable for the proposed studies. Given the complex biology of the pPAFAH enzymes, a complete characterization of their patho/physiological roles in lipid metabolism is necessary to maximize the success of therapeutic intervention. Towards this goal, development of selective inhibitors would significantly advance our understanding of these enzymes' substrate specificity and contribution to inflammatory disease processes including atherosclerosis, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. Pan-PAFAH inhibitors might be of heightened therapeutic value. References: 1. Karasawa, K., Harada, A., Satoh, N., Inoue, K., and Setaka, M. (2003) Plasma platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), Prog Lipid Res 42, 93-114. 2. Leitinger, N. (2005) Oxidized phospholipids as triggers of inflammation in atherosclerosis, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 49, 1063-1071. 3. Blank, M. L., Lee, T., Fitzgerald, V., and Snyder, F. (1981) A specific acetylhydrolase for 1-alkyl-2- acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (a hypotensive and platelet-activating lipid), J Biol Chem 256, 175-178. 4. Farr, R. S., Cox, C. P., Wardlow, M. L., and Jorgensen, R. (1980) Preliminary studies of an acid labile factor (ALF) in human sera that inactivates platelet-activating factor (PAF), Clin Immunol Immunopathol 15, 318-330. 5. Zimmerman, G. A., McIntyre, T. M., Prescott, S. M., and Stafforini, D. M. (2002) The plateletactivating factor signaling system and its regulators in syndromes of inflammation and thrombosis, Crit Care Med 30, S294-301. 6. Anderson, J. L. (2008) Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2: an independent predictor of coronary artery disease events in primary and secondary prevention, Am J Cardiol 101, 23F-33F. 7. Sudhir, K. (2005) Clinical review: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, a novel inflammatory biomarker and independent risk predictor for cardiovascular disease, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90, 3100-3105. 8. Wilensky, R. L., and Macphee, C. H. (2009) Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and atherosclerosis, Curr Opin Lipidol 20, 415-420. 9. Karabina, S. A., and Ninio, E. (2006) Plasma PAF-acetylhydrolase: an unfulfilled promise?, Biochim Biophys Acta 1761, 1351-1358. 10. Samanta, U., and Bahnson, B. J. (2008) Crystal structure of human plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase: structural implication to lipoprotein binding and catalysis, J Biol Chem 283, 31617-31624. 11. Blackie, J. A., Bloomer, J. C., Brown, M. J. B., Cheng, H. Y., Hammond, B., Hickey, D. M. B., Ife, R. J., Leach, C. A., Lewis, V. A., Macphee, C. H., Milliner, K. J., Moores, K. E., Pinto, I. L., Smith, S. A., Stansfield, I. G., Stanway, S. J., Taylor, M. A., and Theobald, C. J. (2003) The identification of clinical candidate SB-480848: A potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2), Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 13, 1067-1070. Keywords: late stage, late stage AID, assay provider, low throughput, secondary, PLA2G7, pPAFAH, serine hydrolase, platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase, inflammation, atherosclerosis, liquids, fluorescence, competitive activity-based protein profiling, ABPP, gel-based, inhibitor, rhodamine-conjugated fluorophosphonate, FP-Rh, Scripps, The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, SRIMSC, Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network, MLPCN Protocol Assay Overview: The purpose of this assay is to determine the IC50 values of liquid samples of cherry-picked compounds for pPAFAH inhibition. In this assay, a fluorophosphonate-conjugated rhodamine (FP-Rh) activity-based probe is used to label pPAFAH in the presence of test compounds. The reaction products are separated by SDS-PAGE and visualized in-gel using a flatbed fluorescence scanner. The percentage activity remaining is determined by measuring the integrated optical density of the bands. As designed, test compounds that act as pPAFAH inhibitors will prevent enzyme-probe interactions, thereby decreasing the proportion of bound fluorescent probe, giving lower fluorescence intensity in the band in the gel. Protocol Summary: Recombinant mouse pPAFAH (50 uL of 0.25 mg/mL membrane proteome preparation from transiently transfected 293T Hek cells overexpressing pPAFAH) in Dulbecco's PBS (DPBS) was treated with test compound (1 uL of a 25x stock in DMSO) or DMSO (1uL) for 30 minutes at 37 C before the addition of FP-Rh (1 uL of 25x stock in DMSO, 1 uM final concentration). The reaction was incubated for 30 minutes at 37 C, quenched with an equal volume of 2x SDS-PAGE loading buffer (reducing), separated by SDS-PAGE and visualized by in-gel fluorescent scanning. The percentage activity remaining was determined by measuring the integrated optical density of the bands. IC50 values for inhibition of pPAFAH were determined from dose-response curves from three replicates at each inhibitor concentration (7-point 1:3 dilution series from 1 uM to 1 nM). %_Inhibition = ( 1 - ( IOD_Test_Compound - IOD_Low_Control ) / ( IOD_High_Control - IOD_Low_Control ) ) * 100 Where: Test_Compound is defined as pPAFAH treated with test compound. High_Control is defined as pPAFAH treated with DMSO only (no compound). Low_Control is defined as background in a blank region of the gel. For each test compound, percent inhibition was plotted against the log of the compound concentration. A three parameter equation describing a sigmoidal dose-response curve was then fitted using GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software Inc). The software-generated IC50 values are reported. PubChem Activity Outcome and Score: Compounds with IC50 less than or equal to 0.5 uM were considered active. Compounds with IC50 greater than 0.5 uM were considered inactive. Any compound with a percent activity value less than 50% at all test concentrations was assigned an activity score of zero. Any compound with a percent activity value greater than or equal to 50% at any test concentration was assigned an activity score greater than zero. Activity score was then ranked by the potency of the compounds with fitted curves, with the most potent compounds assigned the highest activity scores. The PubChem Activity Score range for active compounds is 100-1. There are no inactive compounds. List of Reagents: Overexpressed pPAFAH 293T membrane proteome (Open Biosystems Accession BC010726, supplied by Assay Provider) FP-Rh (supplied by Assay Provider) DPBS (Cellgro, part 21-030-CV) Comment This assay was performed by the assay provider with powder samples of synthesized test compounds. Categorized Comment BAO: version: 1.4b1090 BAO: bioassay specification: assay stage: secondary: alternate confirmatory BAO: bioassay specification: assay biosafety level: bsl1 BAO: assay format: biochemical format: protein format: single protein format BAO: bioassay specification: assay measurement type: endpoint assay BAO: bioassay specification: assay readout content: assay readout method: regular screening BAO: bioassay specification: assay readout content: content readout type: single readout BAO: meta target: molecular target: protein target: enzyme: generic hydrolase BAO: meta target detail: binding reporter specification: interaction: protein-small molecule BAO: detection technology: fluorescence: fluorescence intensity Result Definitions
* Activity Concentration. ** Test Concentration. Additional Information Grant Number: 1R01HL084366 Data Table (Concise) Classification
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