AID	Name	Type	Comment
2806	uHTS Luminescent assay for identification of inhibitors of mouse intestinal alkaline phosphatase	screening	Primary Screen
2818	Summary assay for identification of inhibitors of mouse intestinal alkaline phosphatase	summary	Summary AID.

Data Source: Sanford-Burnham Center for Chemical Genomics (SBCCG)
Source Affiliation: Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (SBMRI, San Diego, CA)
Network: NIH Molecular Libraries Production Centers Network (MLPCN)
Grant Proposal Number: X01-MH077602-01
Assay Provider Dr. Jose Luis Millan, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute(SBMRI, San Diego, CA)

Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) (APs) catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphomonoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate and alcohol. APs are dimeric enzymes found in most organisms. In human, four isozymes of APs have been identified. One isozyme is tissue-nonspecific (designated TNAP) and three other isozymes are tissue-specific and named according to the tissue of their predominant expression: intestinal (IAP), placental (PLAP) and germ cell (GCAP) alkaline phosphatases. IAP expression is largely restricted to the gut, especially to the epithelial cells (enterocytes) of the small intestinal mucosa. The exact biological function of IAP is unknown.

IAP is inhibited by a number of inhibitors (1). They include L-phenylalanine, (2, 3), L-tryptophan (4), L-leucine and phenylalanine-glycylglycine (5). While the biological implications of this inhibition are not known, these inhibitors have proven to be useful in the differential determination of AP isozymes as important diagnostic markers in many diseases. However, these known inhibitors of IAP are not entirely specific for IAP isozyme and have milllimolar affinity. In addition, they are common aminoacids that are ubiquitously present in the tissues and involved in diverse metabolic pathways, and therefore, are not appropriate tools for biological studies. Thus, the aim of this MLPCN probe project is to obtain novel chemical scaffolds that can be used as chemical probes.

This confirmatory, concentration-response assay has been developed and performed to confirm from DMSO solutions the hits originally identified in "uHTS Luminescent assay for identification of inhibitors of mouse intestinal alkaline phosphatase." (AID 2806).

Materials:
1. muIAP - provided by Dr. Jose Luis Millan
2. CDP-Star (New England Biolabs # N7001S)
3. IAP buffer - 200 mM DEA, 0.04 mM ZnCl2, 2 mM MgCl2
Protocol
1. Using a Labcyte Echo, DMSO and test compounds are transferred to wells of a black, Corning 1536 well assay plate. DMSO only is transferred to columns 1-4 and 44-48 (Control wells), while varying volumes of test compounds are transferred to columns 4-45 to achieve the desired test concentrations. Compounds are transferred from a 10 mM stock to give the stated final concentration. Test compound wells in the assay plate are back-filled with DMSO to equalize final assay concentrations.
2. Add 2 uL/well of muIAP (1:125 dilution in IAP buffer) (columns 3 through 48)
a. For negative control add 2 uL of IAP buffer instead of IAP to columns 1 and 2
3. Add 2 uL/well of CDP-Star (400 uM in MQ water) to all wells
4. Spin the plate down to maintain an even level of volume
5. Cover the plate and incubate the plate at RT for 30 minutes
6. Read the plate on Perkin Elmer EnVision using US-Luminescence mode

Compounds with IC50_Mean < 100 uM defined as actives in this assay.

To simplify the distinction between the inactives of the primary screen and of the confirmatory screening stage, the Tiered Activity Scoring System was developed and implemented. Its utilization for the IAP assay is described below.

Activity Scoring
Activity scoring rules were devised to take into consideration compound efficacy, its potential interference with the assay and the screening stage that the data was obtained. Details of the Scoring System will be published elsewhere. Briefly, the outline of the scoring system utilized for the assay is as follows:

1) First tier (0-40 range) is reserved for primary screening data and is not applicable in this assay.

2) Second tier (41-80 range) is reserved for dose-response confirmation data
a. Inactive compounds of the confirmatory stage are assigned a score value equal 41.
b. The score is linearly correlated with a compound's potency and, in addition, provides a measure of the likelihood that the compound is not an artifact based on the available information.
c. The Hill coefficient is taken as a measure of compound behavior in the assay via an additional scaling factor QC:
QC = 2.6*[exp(-0.5*nH^2) - exp(-1.5*nH^2)]

This empirical factor prorates the likelihood of target- or pathway-specific compound effect vs. its non-specific behavior in the assay. This factor is based on expectation that a compound with a single mode of action that achieved equilibrium in the assay demonstrates the Hill coefficient value of 1. Compounds deviating from that behavior are penalized proportionally to the degree of their deviation.
d. Summary equation that takes into account all the items discussed above is
Score = 44 + 6*(pIC50-3)*QC,
Where pIC50 is a negative log(10) of the IC50 value expressed in mole/L concentration units. This equation results in the Score values above 50 for compounds that demonstrate high potency and predictable behavior. Compounds that are inactive in the assay or whose concentration-dependent behavior are likely to be an artifact of that assay will generally have lower Score values.

3) Third tier (81-100 range) is reserved for resynthesized true positives and their analogues and is not applicable in this assay

Grant Number: X01-MH077602-01