AID	Name	Type	Probe	Comment
1466	qHTS Assay for Inhibitors of Human alpha-Glucosidase as a Potential Chaperone Treatment of Pompe Disease	confirmatory
1473	Quantitative High-Throughput Screen for Inhibitors and Activators of Human alpha-Glucosidase as a Potential Chaperone Treatment of Pompe Disease: Summary	summary	1
2242	qHTS Assay for Activators of Human alpha-Glucosidase as a Potential Chaperone Treatment of Pompe Disease	confirmatory
2293	Direct Measure of the Activation of Acid alpha-Glucosidase Catalytic Rate	other
2641	qHTS Assay for Inhibitors of Human alpha-Glucosidase as a Potential Chaperone Treatment of Pompe Disease: Stabilizers of Alpha-Glucosidase Under Thermal Denaturation Conditions	other

NIH Chemical Genomics Center [NCGC]
NIH Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network [MLPCN]

MLPCN Grant: R03 MH084841-01
Assay Submitter (PI): Wei Zheng

NCGC Assay Overview:

Alpha-glucosidase is responsible for the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues, which releases alpha-D-glucose. It is a lysosomal hydrolase that is required for the degradation of a small percentage (1-3%) of cellular glycogen in humans. Deficiency of this enzyme results in glycogen-storage disease type II (GSDII), also referred to as Pompe disease, an autosomal recessive disorder. Structurally normal glycogen is accumulated in the lysosomes and cytoplasm in affected patients, primarily in muscle tissues. Excessive glycogen storage within lysosomes may interrupt normal functioning of other organelles and leads to cellular injury. In turn, this leads to enlargement and dysfunction of the entire organ involved (eg: cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness).

It has been reported that the improper folding and trafficking of alpha-glucosidase resulting from genetic mutations may account for a significant number of Pompe patients. 1-deoxynojirimycin, an inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase, was reported to exhibit pharmacological chaperone activity, which significantly increases the mutant enzyme activity in cells. We optimized this alpha-glucosidase assay in 1536-well plate format for identification of novel small molecule inhibitors or activators with structures other than the sugar analogs in order to develop new pharmacological chaperones. Previous assays of alpha-Glucosidase have utilized a non-natural fluorescent substrate to probe enzyme activity. The present assay measures enzyme activity on glycogen using a coupled-assay system to glucose oxidase.

NCGC Assay Protocol Summary:

This is an enzyme assay using glycogen from bovine liver (Sigma catalog #: G0885) as the substrate and recombinant human alpha-glucosidase as the enzyme preparation. Upon hydrolysis of the substrate, the glucose product can be detected using the Amplex Red Glucose Oxidase Assay Kit (Invitrogen catalog #: A22189). The product of this reaction can be read with a fluorescence plate reader with an excitation at 573 nm and an emission at 610 nm. Data were normalized to the controls for basal activity (without enzyme) and 100% activity (with enzyme). The AC50 values were determined from concentration-response data modeled with the standard Hill equation.

Assay buffer for enzyme reaction: 50 mM citric acid (titrated with potassium phosphate to pH 5.0), 0.01% Tween-20 (pH 5.0 is an optimal condition for this enzyme assay)

Assay buffer for Amplex Red reaction: Tris-HCl, pH 7.5

1536-well assay protocol for the alpha-glucosidase assay:
(1) Add 2 ul/well alpha-glucosidase enzyme solution (4 nM final)
(2) Add 23 nL compounds in DMSO solution. The final titration was 0.7 nM to 77 uM.
(3) Add 1 ul of glycogen substrate solution (30 ug)
(4) Incubate at 37 C for 40 min
(5) Add 2 ul tris-HCl buffer with Amplex Red reagents
(6) Incubate 45 min at room temperature.
(7) Detect the assay plate in a ViewLux plate reader (PerkinElmer) with Ex=573 nm and Em=610nm.

Keywords: Alpha-glucosidase, Pompe Disease, pharmacological chaperone, chaperone therapy, high throughput screening, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, MLSMR, MLSCN, NIH Roadmap, qHTS and NCGC

Compound Ranking:

1. Compounds are first classified as having full titration curves, partial modulation, partial curve (weaker actives), single point activity (at highest concentration only), or inactive. See data field "Curve Description". For this assay, apparent inhibitors are ranked higher than compounds that showed apparent activation.
2. For all inactive compounds, PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_SCORE is 0. For all active compounds, a score range was given for each curve class type given above. Active compounds have PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_SCORE between 40 and 100. Inconclusive compounds have PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_SCORE between 1 and 39. Fit_LogAC50 was used for determining relative score and was scaled to each curve class' score range.

Grant Number: MH084841-01